alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

An inherited condition (frequency, ±1:10,000) characterised by low or absent production of alpha-1 antitrypsin, an enzyme which is critical to tissue remodelling.
Clinical findings The PiZZ phenotype is characterised by early-onset emphysema and liver-related symptoms, including jaundice, cholestasis, fatigue, cirrhosis, liver failure, ascites, panniculitis, mental changes, GI bleeding, and increased risk of primary liver cancer.
Genetics The A1AT gene is co-dominantly inherited and located on chromosome 14. It encodes 25 different allelic forms, which are classified according to electrophoretic mobility, of which the PiMM phenotype is normal; the most common A1AT deficiency phenotype is PiZZ.
Management IV or nebulised prolastin if COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), for direct delivery to lungs; alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor; O2, antibiotics, phenobarbital or cholestyramine for jaundice and itching, liver transplant.

单词	alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
释义	alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency An inherited condition (frequency, ±1:10,000) characterised by low or absent production of alpha-1 antitrypsin, an enzyme which is critical to tissue remodelling. Clinical findings The PiZZ phenotype is characterised by early-onset emphysema and liver-related symptoms, including jaundice, cholestasis, fatigue, cirrhosis, liver failure, ascites, panniculitis, mental changes, GI bleeding, and increased risk of primary liver cancer. Genetics The A1AT gene is co-dominantly inherited and located on chromosome 14. It encodes 25 different allelic forms, which are classified according to electrophoretic mobility, of which the PiMM phenotype is normal; the most common A1AT deficiency phenotype is PiZZ. Management IV or nebulised prolastin if COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), for direct delivery to lungs; alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor; O2, antibiotics, phenobarbital or cholestyramine for jaundice and itching, liver transplant.
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