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individual psychology
individual psychologyThis school, founded by Alfred Adler, aims to reach an understanding of mental disturbance through the examination of early feelings of inferiority and subsequent compensatory activity, and to improve patterns of reaction.Individual Psychology
individual psychology[¦in·də¦vij·ə·wəl sī′käl·ə·jē] (psychology) A system of psychology in which traits of an individual are compared in terms of striving for superiority and then restated in the form of a composite of this single tendency. Individual Psychology one of the currents in depth psychology, based on the theories of the Austrian psychologist A. Adler. Individual psychology proceeds from Adler’s conception that the main source of motivation is the presence of an inferiority complex in the individual and the striving to overcome it. The sense of inferiority, which arises in early childhood, determines the “life style” characteristic of each person. In contrast to psychoanalysis, individual psychology considers that the basis of social character is an innate social feeling (Gemeinschaftsge-fuhl), which, however, requires education for its full development. This feeling is lacking in neurotics and asocial elements, such as drug addicts, and is replaced by a striving for unconscious, fictitious goals. Individual psychology sees the goal of therapy in exposing such distortions in the patient’s life style. Adler himself, who belonged to the Austrian Social Democratic Party, saw in individual psychology a reformist program for achieving harmony in man and society. Individual psychology also addressed itself to the study of creativity, proceeding from its theory of compensatory activity as the overcoming of biological and social inferiority. Individual psychology also dealt with the psychology of groups having an expressed feeling of social inferiority (criminals, lumpen proletariat). On the whole, individual psychology did not elaborate its own general psychological theory, limiting itself primarily to observations of an empirical character. It received its greatest dissemination during the 1920’s, especially in pedagogy and psychotherapy. Later, individual psychology disappeared as a movement; it had given, however, a powerful stimulus to the development of sociopsychological and group methods in therapy and of sociological trends in psychology and medicine—for the most part in the United States (K. Homey, H. Sullivan, E. Fromm, F. Alexander, and others, who are usually regarded as neo-Freudians but can also be called neo-Adlerians). REFERENCESHandbuch der Individualpsychologie. vols. 1-2. Munich, 1926.
Dreikurs, R. Fundamentals of Adlerian Psychology. New York, 1950.
Essays in Individual Psychology. New York, 1959.
Way, L. M. Adler’s Place in Psychology. New York, 1963.D. N. LIALIKOV individual psychology
psychology [si-kol´o-je] the science dealing with the mind and mental processes, especially in relation to human and animal behavior. adj., adj psycholog´ic, psycholog´ical.analytic psychology (analytical psychology) the system of psychology founded by Carl Gustav Jung, based on the concepts of the collective unconscious and the complex.clinical psychology the use of psychologic knowledge and techniques in the treatment of persons with emotional difficulties.community psychology the application of psychological principles to the study and support of the mental health of individuals in their social sphere.criminal psychology the study of the mentality, the motivation, and the social behavior of criminals.depth psychology the study of unconscious mental processes.developmental psychology the study of changes in behavior that occur with age.dynamic psychology psychology stressing the causes and motivations for behavior.environmental psychology study of the effects of the physical and social environment on behavior.experimental psychology the study of the mind and mental operations by the use of experimental methods.forensic psychology psychology dealing with the legal aspects of behavior and mental disorders.gestalt psychology gestaltism; the theory that the objects of mind, as immediately presented to direct experience, come as complete unanalyzable wholes or forms that cannot be split into parts.individual psychology the psychiatric theory of Alfred adler, stressing compensation and overcompensation for feelings of inferiority and the interpersonal nature of a person's problems.physiologic psychology (physiological psychology) the branch of psychology that studies the relationship between physiologic and psychologic processes.social psychology psychology that focuses on social interaction, on the ways in which actions of others influence the behavior of an individual.in·di·vid·u·al psy·chol·o·gya theory of human behavior emphasizing humans' social nature, strivings for mastery, and drive to overcome, by compensation, feelings of inferiority. Synonym(s): adlerian psychoanalysis, adlerian psychologyindividual psychology Psychiatry A system of psychiatric theory, research, and therapy that stresses compensation and overcompensation for inferiority feelings. See Complex. ad·le·ri·an psy·chol·o·gy (ad-ler'ē-ĕn sī-kol'ŏ-jē) Psychotherapeutic technique based on the theory that the major issues to be resolved during life involve social adjustments, occupations, and love. Major distinguishing tenet is that neurosis results from a feeling of inferiority that arises when the drive for superiority is frustrated.
Synonym(s): individual psychology. Adler, Alfred, Austrian psychiatrist, 1870-1937. adlerian psychoanalysis - a theory of human behavior emphasizing humans' social nature, strivings for mastery, and drive to overcome, by compensation, feelings of inferiority. Synonym(s): individual psychology; adlerian psychologyadlerian psychology - Synonym(s): adlerian psychoanalysisAcronymsSeeIPThesaurusSeepsychology |