basal nuclei

nucleus

 [noo´kle-us] (pl. nu´clei) (L.) 1. cell nucleus; a spheroid body within a cell, contained in a double membrane, the nuclear envelope, and containing the chromosomes and one or more nucleoli. The contents are collectively referred to as nucleoplasm. The chromosomes contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is the genetic material that codes for the structure of all the proteins of the cell.2. a mass of matter" >gray matter in the central nervous system, especially such a mass marking the central termination of a cranial nerve.3. in organic chemistry, the combination of atoms forming the central element or basic framework of the molecule of a specific compound or class of compounds.4. the dense core of an atom, made of protons and neutrons held together by the strong nuclear force. Traveling in orbit around it is a cloud of negatively charged particles called electrons. The number of protons in the atomic nucleus gives a substance its identity as a particular element. Called also atomic nucleus. adj., adj nu´clear.The nucleus and nucleolus of a cell. From Mahon and Manuselis, 2000.nucleus ambi´guus the nucleus of origin of motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves in the medulla oblongata.nucleus an´sae lenticula´ris (nucleus of ansa lenticularis) a collection of neurons in the ansa lenticularis as it curves around the medial edge of the globus pallidus.arcuate nuclei of medulla oblongata, nu´clei arcua´ti medul´lae oblonga´tae small irregular areas of gray substance on the ventromedial aspect of the pyramid of the medulla oblongata.atomic nucleus nucleus (def. 3).basal nuclei (nu´clei basa´les) specific interconnected subcortical masses of matter" >gray matter embedded in each hemisphere" >cerebral hemisphere and in the upper brainstem, comprising the corpus striatum (caudate and lentiform nuclei), body" >amygdaloid body, claustrum, and external, extreme, and capsules" >internal capsules. Called also basal ganglia.caudal olivary nucleus a folded band of gray substance enclosing a white core, which produces the elevation on the medulla oblongata known as the olive.caudate nucleus (nucleus cauda´tus) an elongated, arched gray mass closely related to the lateral ventricle throughout its entire extent, which, together with the putamen, forms the neostriatum.nucleus ceru´leus a compact aggregation of pigmented neurons lying below the locus ceruleus.cochlear nuclei, anterior and posterior the nuclei of termination of sensory fibers of the cochlear nerve (see anatomic Table of Nerves in the Appendices); they partly encircle the inferior cerebellar peduncle at the junction of the medulla oblongata and pons.dentate nucleus (nucleus denta´tus) the largest of the deep cerebellar nuclei, lying in the matter" >white matter of the cerebellum just lateral to the nucleus" >emboliform nucleus.droplet nuclei small particles of pathogen-containing respiratory secretions expelled into the air by coughing, which are reduced by evaporation to small, dry particles that can remain airborne for long periods; one possible mechanism for transmission of infection from one individual to another.emboliform nucleus (nucleus embolifor´mis) a small cerebellar nucleus lying between the nucleus" >dentate nucleus and the nucleus" >globose nucleus and contributing to the superior peduncles" >cerebellar peduncles.fastigial nucleus (nucleus fasti´gii) the most medial of the deep cerebellar nuclei, near the midline in the roof of the fourth ventricle.globose nucleus (nucleus globo´sus) a cerebellar nucleus lying between the nucleus" >emboliform nucleus and the nucleus fastigii and projecting its fibers via the superior peduncle" >cerebellar peduncle.intracerebellar nuclei four accumulations of matter" >gray matter embedded in the matter" >white matter of the cerebellum, comprising the nucleus" >dentate nucleus, nucleus" >emboliform nucleus, nucleus fastigii, and nucleus" >globose nucleus.lenticular nucleus (lentiform nucleus) the part of the corpus striatum somewhat resembling a biconvex lens, divided into a larger external or lateral part called the putamen and a smaller light colored internal or medial part called the globus pallidus.motor nucleus any collection of cells in the central nervous system giving origin to a motor nerve.olivary nucleus a folded band of gray matter that encloses a white core and produces the elevation called the olive on the medulla oblongata; it receives heavy projections from the spinal cord, mesencephalon, and cerebral cortex and projects fibers via the contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle.nuclei of origin, nu´clei ori´ginis groups of nerve cells in the central nervous system from which arise the motor, or efferent, fibers of the cranial nerves.paraventricular nucleus (nucleus paraventricula´ris) a band of cells in the wall of the third ventricle in the supraoptic part of the hypothalamus; many of its cells are neurosecretory in function and project to the neurohypophysis, where they secrete oxytocin (and, to a lesser extent, antidiuretic hormone).pontine nuclei, nu´clei pon´tis masses of nerve cells scattered throughout the ventral part of the pons, in which the longitudinal fibers of the pons terminate, and whose axons in turn cross to the opposite side and form the middle cerebellar peduncle, which projects fibers to the neocerebellum.nucleus pro´prius a column of large neurons that extends throughout the posterior horn of the spinal cord.nucleus pulpo´sus (pulpy nucleus) a semifluid mass of fine white elastic fibers forming the center of an intervertebral disk.red nucleus (nucleus ru´ber) an oval mass of gray matter (pink in fresh specimens) in the anterior part of the tegmentum and extending into the posterior part of the hypothalamus; it receives fibers from the cerebellum.sensory nucleus the nucleus of termination of the afferent (sensory) fibers of a peripheral nerve.supraoptic nucleus (nucleus supraop´ticus) one just above the lateral part of the optic chiasm; many of its cells are neurosecretory in function and project to the neurohypophysis, where they secrete antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and, to a lesser extent, oxytocin; other cells are osmoreceptors that stimulate ADH release in response to increased osmotic pressure.tegmental nucleus, laterodorsal several nuclear masses of the reticular formations of the pons and midbrain, especially of the latter, where they are in close approximation to the superior cerebellar peduncles.thoracic nucleus (nucleus thora´cicus) thoracic column.vestibular nuclei, nu´clei vestibula´res the four cellular masses in the floor of the fourth ventricle: superior (rostral or cranial), lateral, medial, and inferior (caudal) vestibular nuclei; in them are the terminations of the branches of the vestibular nerve (see anatomic Table of Nerves in the Appendices). The nuclei give rise to a widely dispersed special sensory system through projections to motor nuclei in the brain stem and cervical cord, to the cerebellum, and to motor cells throughout the spinal cord; they also have connections that provide for conscious perception of, and autonomic reactions to, labyrinthine stimulation.

ba·sal nu·cle·i

[TA] nucleus of the cerebral hemisphere that originally included the caudate and lenticular nuclei, the claustrum, and the amygdaloid body (complex); functionally the term basal nuclei now specifies the caudate and lenticular nuclei; adjacent cell groups (subthalamic nucleus; substantia nigra and partes compacta and reticulata) having important connections with the basal nuclei have frequenty, but incorrectly, been described as being part of this cell group; amygdaloid complex now known to be part of the limbic system;
See also: basal ganglia. Synonym(s): nuclei basales [TA]