ideal

i·de·al

I0018600 (ī-dē′əl, ī-dēl′)n.1. A conception of something in its absolute perfection: the ideal of national unity.2. One that is regarded as a standard or model of perfection or excellence: The restaurant is considered the ideal in fine dining.3. An ultimate or worthy object of endeavor; a goal: "those who regarded even a rhetorical commitment to the ideal of disarmament as irresponsibly utopian" (James Carroll).adj.1. Conforming to a standard of perfection or excellence; perfect or highly satisfactory: an ideal work environment.2. a. Existing only in the mind; imaginary: an ideal world where everything works out fine.b. Lacking practicality or the possibility of realization: an ideal notion of how businesses are run.3. Philosophy a. Existing as an archetype or pattern, especially as a Platonic idea or perception: the ideal forms.b. Of or relating to idealism.

[From Middle English, pertaining to the divine archetypes of things, from Late Latin ideālis, from Latin idea, idea; see idea.]Synonyms: ideal, exemplar, model, standard, pattern
These nouns refer to someone or something worthy of imitation or duplication. An ideal represents a sometimes unattainable level of perfection: "Comic book heroes played a major part in shaping my boyhood ideal of manliness" (Theodore Roszak).
An exemplar, like a model, serves as a worthy example by being the best or most admirable of its class: "He is indeed the perfect exemplar of all nobleness" (Jane Porter)."Our fellow countryman is a model of a man" (Charles Dickens).
A standard is a basis of comparison or judgment: "Alexander's conquests created a legend that would provide the standard by which other leaders measured their careers" (Eugene N. Borza).
A pattern is an example worthy of imitation by reason of being an original or essential form of something: "I will be the pattern of all patience" (Shakespeare).

ideal

(aɪˈdɪəl) n1. a conception of something that is perfect, esp that which one seeks to attain2. a person or thing considered to represent perfection: he's her ideal. 3. something existing only as an idea4. a pattern or model, esp of ethical behaviouradj5. conforming to an ideal6. of, involving, or existing in the form of an idea7. (Philosophy) philosophy a. of or relating to a highly desirable and possible state of affairsb. of or relating to idealism ideality n iˈdeally adv iˈdealness n

i•de•al

(aɪˈdi əl, aɪˈdil)

n. 1. a conception of something in its perfection. 2. a standard of perfection or excellence. 3. a person or thing conceived as embodying such a conception or standard and taken as a model for imitation. 4. an ultimate object or aim of endeavor, esp. one of high or noble character: to compromise one's ideals. 5. something that exists only in the imagination. adj. 6. conceived as constituting a standard of perfection or excellence: ideal beauty. 7. regarded as perfect of its kind: an ideal spot for a home. 8. existing only in the imagination; not real or actual. 9. excellent; best. 10. based upon an ideal or ideals. 11. Philos. a. pertaining to a possible state of affairs considered as highly desirable. b. pertaining to or of the nature of idealism. [1605–15; < Late Latin ideālis]

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	ideal - the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attainidea, thought - the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind"value - an ideal accepted by some individual or group; "he has old-fashioned values"beau ideal, paragon, perfection, idol - an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a conceptcriterion, standard - the ideal in terms of which something can be judged; "they live by the standards of their community"exemplar, good example, example, model - something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general"ego ideal - (psychoanalysis) the part of the ego that contains an ideal of personal excellence toward which a person strives
	2.	ideal - model of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equalapotheosis, nonesuch, nonpareil, nonsuch, paragon, saintcrackerjack, jimdandy, jimhickey - someone excellent of their kind; "he's a jimdandy of a soldier"role model, model - someone worthy of imitation; "every child needs a role model"class act - someone who shows impressive and stylish excellencehumdinger - someone of remarkable excellence; "a humdinger of a secretary"
Adj.	1.	ideal - conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an idealperfect - being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish; "a perfect circle"; "a perfect reproduction"; "perfect happiness"; "perfect manners"; "a perfect specimen"; "a perfect day"
	2.	ideal - constituting or existing only in the form of an idea or mental image or conception; "a poem or essay may be typical of its period in idea or ideal content"abstract - existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment; "abstract words like `truth' and `justice'"
	3.	ideal - of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of the reality of ideasidealistic

ideal

noun1. (often plural) principle, standard, ideology, morals, conviction, integrity, scruples, probity, moral value, rectitude, sense of duty, sense of honour, uprightness The party has drifted too far from its socialist ideals.2. epitome, standard, dream, pattern, perfection, last word, paragon, nonpareil, standard of perfection Throughout his career she remained his feminine ideal.3. model, example, criterion, prototype, paradigm, archetype, exemplar the ideal of beauty in those daysadjective1. perfect, best, model, classic, supreme, ultimate, archetypal, exemplary, consummate, optimal, quintessential She decided I was the ideal person to take over this job.
perfect flawed, deficient, imperfect, impaired, unsuitable2. imaginary, impractical, Utopian, romantic, fantastic, fabulous, poetic, visionary, fairy-tale, mythical, unreal, fanciful, unattainable, ivory-towered, imagal (Psychoanalysis) Their ideal society collapsed around them in revolution.
imaginary real, ordinary, actual, mundane, factual, literal3. hypothetical, academic, intellectual, abstract, theoretical, speculative, conceptual, metaphysical, transcendental, notional an ideal economic worldQuotations
"The ideal has many names, and beauty is but one of them" [W. Somerset Maugham Cakes and Ale]

ideal

noun1. One that is worthy of imitation or duplication:beau ideal, example, exemplar, mirror, model, paradigm, pattern, standard.2. A fervent hope, wish, or goal:aspiration, dream.adjective1. Conforming to an ultimate form of perfection or excellence:exemplary, model, perfect, supreme.2. Existing only in concept and not in reality:abstract, hypothetic, hypothetical, theoretic, theoretical, transcendent, transcendental.

Translations

理想理想的典范

ideal

(aiˈdiəl) adjective perfect. This tool is ideal for the job I have in mind.理想的 noun1. a person, thing etc that is looked on as being perfect. She was clever and beautiful – in fact she was his ideal of what a wife should be.理想2. a person's standard of behaviour etc. a man of high ideals.典范iˈdealist noun a person having (too) high ideals of behaviour etc. 理想主义者iˈdealism noun理想主义ˌideaˈlistic (aidiə-) adjective理想主义的iˈdealize, iˈdealise verb to regard as perfect. Children tend to idealize their parents.使理想化iˌdealiˈzation, iˌdealiˈsation noun理想化iˈdeally adverb1. perfectly. He is ideally suited to this job.完美地2. under perfect conditions. Ideally, we should check this again, but we haven't enough time.理想地

ideal

→ 理想的zhCN

Ideal

ideal

Philosophya. of or relating to a highly desirable and possible state of affairs b. of or relating to idealism

Ideal

(1) Something existing not in reality but only in consciousness; the mode of existence of an object reflected in the consciousness. In this sense the ideal is usually contrasted to the real.

(2) The result of the process of idealization—an abstract entity that cannot be experienced, for example, an ideal gas, a point, or an absolutely black body.

(3) Something perfect that corresponds to an ideal.

The diverse conceptions of the ideal tend toward one of two opposite poles: materialism or idealism. Idealism treats the ideal as a self-sufficient principle, existing apart from the material world, that cannot be deduced from matter or explained by way of it., Different systems based on an idealist world view interpret the ideal in various ways: as primordial nonmaterial essences, or “ideas,” the archetypes of all things (as in objective idealism of the Platonic type); as the activity of an absolute spirit or universal reason (as in the objective idealism of the Hegelian type); as a special substance existing alongside material substance (as in the dualism of the Cartesian type); as the immediate data of individual consciousness, represented as something primary, from which all else arises (as in subjective idealism); or as a special world of values and meanings (as in contemporary critical realism and phenomenology).

Pre-Marxist materialism, which criticized the notion of the ideal as a special substance opposed to the material world, regarded the ideal as a function of matter organized in a special way. The weak point of pre-Marxist materialism’s treatment of the ideal was that it regarded the ideal as a product of passive contemplation and not as the result of and a means for human activity.

In Marx’ definition, “the ideal is nothing else than the material world reflected by the human mind, and translated into forms of thought” (K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 23, p. 21). Dialectical materialism proceeds from an understanding of the ideal as phenomena that are sociohistorical in their nature and origin, and it regards the ideal above all as reflections of the material world of objects in the consciousness of human beings, as subjective images of objective reality mediated through social praxis. The ideal, then, represents a definite aspect of human consciousness, which characterizes the specific mode of existence of consciousness that cannot be reduced to material processes and phenomena, such as physical and physiological ones.

Ideal

(mathematics) one of the primary algebraic concepts. Having arisen originally in connection with the study of algebraic irrational numbers, ideals subsequently found numerous applications in other branches of mathematics.

Any (rational) integer may be factored into the product of prime factors; for example, 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5. In this case the factorization is unique to within one order and to the sign of the factors:

60 = 2 X 5 X 3 X 2 = (-2) X 2 X (-3) X 5 …

In the 19th century, mathematicians encountered the necessity of factoring numbers of a more general nature. If, for example, we examine numbers of the type , where m and n are any (rational) integers, then just as for ordinary integers each number here can always be factored into the product of nonfactorable factors. However, in this case the uniqueness of factorization is violated. For example, the number 9 (which results if we assume that m = 9, n = 0) here allows two different factorizations:

9 = 3 X 3 and

and none of the factors can be further factored into a product of numbers of the type m + n There will be no violation of the ordinary laws of the uniqueness of factorization if the property of divisibility is linked not to the numbers but to the ideals. In modern algebra ideals are introduced in arbitrary rings. In the case of number rings (for example, the set of numbers of the type examined above), ideals are also called ideal numbers. An ideal is the set of numbers belonging to a given number ring (and in the case of an arbitrary ring, the set of its elements) which possesses the following properties: (1) the sum and difference of two numbers (elements) of the set belong to this set and (2) the product of a number (element) from this set and any other number (any other element) of the ring also belongs to this set. Then we examine, instead of the numbers, the ideals that correspond to them; for example, the ideal p = (9), which consists of all numbers divisible by 9, corresponds to the number 9.

The numerical concepts connected with the divisibility of numbers are transferred to ideals: one ideal may be divided by another if any element of the former also lies in the latter (for numbers this is equivalent to saying that any number of the first ideal may be divided by at least one number of the second). The product of ideals is defined as the least ideal containing all possible paired products of elements from both ideal-factors. The greatest common divisor of two ideals is the least ideal that contains elements of both the first and the second ideal. In the set of integers, any ideal consists of multiples of some fixed number: any ideal is a principal ideal. In the general case, for algebraic irrational numbers, not any ideal is a principal ideal. Divisibility by a principal ideal is equivalent to divisibility by the number corresponding to this ideal. Because of the existence of ideals that are not principal ideals, the theorem that any ideal may be factored uniquely into the product of subsequently non- factorable ideals remains valid for algebraic integers. These non-factorable ideals, also called prime ideals, perform the role of prime numbers and are characterized by the fact that without fail they contain at least one of the factors if they contain their product. Thus, in the example considered above, (3) = P₁P₂ where P₁ = (3, , are nre ideals; for example, the ideal p₁, which is the largest common divisor of the ideals , consists of all numbers of the type 3k, where k and l are any rational integers.

The concept of “ideal” (or of “ideal number” in the original terminology) was introduced in 1847 for one particular case of number fields by the German mathematician E. Rummer. Strict and complete substantiation of the theory of ideals for any number fields was given independently by the German mathematician R. Dedekind in 1871 and the Russian mathematician E. I. Zolotarev in 1877. The theory of ideals gained new content in the middle of the 20th century in connection with the development of the general theory of rings.

REFERENCE

Van der Waerden, B. L. Sovremennaia algebra, 2nd ed., parts 1–2. Moscow-Leningrad, 1947. (Translated from German.)

Ideal

an ideal image that determines the manner of thinking and acting of an individual or a social class. The formation of nature in conformity with the ideal is a characteristically human form of activity, since it presupposes the specific creation of an image of a goal of activity before the goal is realized.

The problem of the ideal was developed in detail by German classical philosophy. It was posed most acutely by I. Kant in connection with the problem of “inner purpose.” According to Kant, phenomena without goals that could be represented in terms of images could not have ideal forms either. Man, as a representative of the race, is the only being acting according to “inner purpose.” For animals, inner purpose is realized unconsciously and therefore does not acquire the form of an ideal, of a specific kind of a goal. According to Kant, the ideal as imagined perfection of the human race (that is, perfection attained through imagination) is characterized by the complete and absolute surmounting of all contradictions between the individual and society, that is, between the individuals constituting the “race.” Therefore, realization of the ideal would coincide with the end of history. Because of this, the ideal, according to Kant, is in principle unattainable and represents only an “idea” of a regulative type. It points out a direction toward the goal rather than providing an image of the goal itself, and therefore it guides man more as a sense of proper direction than as a clear image of the end result. It is only in art that the ideal can and must be represented as an image in the form of the beautiful. The ideal of science, that is, of “pure reason,” is given in the form of the law of contradiction; and the moral ideal, that is, the ideal of “practical reason,” in the form of the categorical imperative. Nowhere can a condition corresponding to the ideal be graphically represented; it is impossible, since such a condition is not realizable in the course of finite time, no matter how long. Therefore, the ideal and the “beautiful” are synonymous, and the existence of the ideal is assumed only in art. These ideas of Kant were developed in the works of F. von Schiller, J. G. Fichte, and F. W. von Schelling, as well as by the German romanticists.

G. Hegel, who acutely understood the impotence of the Kantian conception of the ideal, dethroned it as an abstraction that actually expressed one of the stages of the developing reality of the “spirit” (that is, of the history of the intellectual culture of humanity) and that was opposed to another such abstraction, that of “empirical reality.” The latter was allegedly antagonistic in principle to the ideal and incompatible with it, according to Kant. For Hegel the ideal becomes an aspect of reality, an image of the human mind that eternally develops through its own immanent contradictions and that surmounts its own results and its own “alienated” conditions, rather than a primordially external and hostile “empirical reality.” The ideal of science (scientific thinking) therefore can and must be set as a logical system, and the ideal of practical reason must be set as an image of a rationally organized state, rather than as formal and in principle unrealizable abstract imperative demands addressed to the individual. Therefore, the ideal as such is always concrete, and it is gradually realized in history. Any attained level of development appears from this point of view as a partially realized ideal, as a phase of the subordination of empirical reality to the power of thought, the force of the idea, and the creative strength of the concept, that is, the collective reason of all people united by an idea. The image of the concrete goal of the acitivity of the “species,” that is, of humanity at a given stage of its intellectual and moral development, is always drawn up in the form of the ideal. The most acute and urgent universal contradictions are presented as actually resolved within the framework of the ideal. The “spirit” always implements existing tasks rather than the abstract-formal goal of “absolute perfection,” seen as a condition that is stagnant and devoid of life (and therefore of contradictions as well).

Insofar as the ideal is defined by Hegel in the vein of German classical philosophy as a visually contemplated image of a goal, further elaboration of the problem of the ideal shifts for Hegel to aesthetics, to a system of definitions of “the beautiful.” However, realization of the ideal as “the beautiful” is related by Hegel to the past—to the age of the classically antique “kingdom of beautiful individuality.” This is because Hegel considered bourgeois cultural development (idealized by him) to be the completion of man’s social history. For Hegel, whose theory immortalized the capitalist division of labor, the idea of comprehensive and integral development of the individual was a romantic dream, that is, a reactionary ideal. But without such a development the idea of “beautiful individuality” becomes unthinkable even in a purely theoretical sense. “The beautiful” (and thereby the ideal as such) thus appears for Hegel more as an image of the past of human culture than of the future of human culture.

Criticizing Hegel’s idealism, Marxism-Leninism reworked Hegel’s dialectical ideas relative to the ideal, its structure, its role in the life of society, and its potentials for concrete realization. Understanding the ideal to be an image of the goal of the activity of people united by a common task, K. Marx and F. Engels focused their basic attention on an investigation of the real conditions of existence of the basic classes of contemporary (bourgeois) society and on an analysis of the actual universal needs that motivate these classes to act and that are refracted in their consciousness in the form of the ideal. For the first time, the ideal was understood as a reflection of the contradictions of developing social reality in the minds of people living in the clutches of these contradictions. The ideal always peculiarly reflects a contradictory sociohistorical situation, fraught with the urgent but unsatisfied needs of more or less broad masses of people, social classes, and groups. It is in the form of the ideal that these groups of people create for themselves an image of reality; within the framework of this image, existing oppressive contradictions are viewed as surmounted and “transcended,” and reality is represented as being “purified” and free from these contradictions. This does not mean that the future condition should be seen in the form of an ideal devoid of all developmental contradictions. Existing contradictions, concretely historical in terms of essence and origin, are ideally resolved through the ideal. Therefore, the ideal emerges as an active force that organizes the consciousness of men and unites them for the solutions of concrete, historically urgent tasks.

Classes through which the progress of all of society is realized form correspondingly progressive ideals. All active people seeking a way out of crisis situations are gathered together under the banner of these ideals. Such were, for example, the ideals of the Great French Revolution; in the contemporary age, such are the ideals of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Today the communist world outlook is the only system of ideas that embodies the progressive ideal, because it shows people the only possible road to the future out of the confusion of contradictions unresolved by capitalism; this road is the building of communism, which creates conditions for the free and comprehensive development of the personality.

REFERENCES

Marx, K., and F. Engels. “Nemetskaia ideologiia.” Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 3.
Marx, K. “Kritika Gotskoi programmy.” Ibid., vol. 19.
Kant, I. “Kritika esteticheskoi sposobnosti suzhdeniia.” Soch., vol. 5. Moscow, 1965.
Schiller, F. von. “Pis’ma ob esteticheskom vospitanii.” Sobr. soch., vol. 6. Moscow, 1957.
Hegel, G. W. F. Nauka logiki, vols. 1–2. Sobr. soch., vols. 5–6. Moscow, 1937–39.
Hegel, G. W. F. Estetika, vols. 1–3—. Moscow, 1968–72—.
Debol’skii, N. G. “Ob esteticheskom ideale.” Voprosy filosofii i psi-khologii, 1900, book 55, pp. 759–816.
Lifshits, M. A. “I. I. Vinkel’man i tri epokhi burzhuaznogo mirovozreniia.” In the collection Voprosy iskusstva i filosofii. Moscow, 1935.
Murian, V. M. Esteticheskii ideal. Moscow, 1966.
Il’enkov, E. V. Ob idolakh i idealakh. Moscow, 1968.
Schlesinger, A. Der Begriff des Ideals. Leipzig, 1908.
Tsanoff, R. A. Moral Ideals of Our Civilization. New York, 1942.
Bertin, G. M. L’ideale estetico. Varese-Milan, 1949.

E. V. I’ENKOV

ideal

[ī′dēl] (mathematics) A subset I of a ring R where x-y is in I for every x,y in I and either rx is in I for every r in R and x in I or xr is in I for every r in R and x in I ; in the first case I is called a left ideal, and in the second a right ideal; an ideal is two-sided if it is both a left and a right ideal.

IDEAL

(1)Ideal DEductive Applicative Language. A language by PierBosco and Elio Giovannetti combining Miranda and Prolog.Function definitions can have a guard condition (introducedby ":-") which is a conjunction of equalities betweenarbitrary terms, including functions. These guards are solvedby normal Prolog resolution and unification. It wasoriginally compiled into C-Prolog but was eventually to becompiled to K-leaf.

IDEAL

(2)A numerical constraint language written by Van Wyk ofStanford in 1980 for typesetting graphics in documents.It was inspired partly by Metafont and is distributed aspart of Troff.

["A High-Level Language for Specifying Pictures", C.J. VanWyk, ACM Trans Graphics 1(2):163-182 (Apr 1982)].

ideal

(theory)In domain theory, a non-empty, downward closedsubset which is also closed under binary least upper bounds.I.e. anything less than an element is also an element and theleast upper bound of any two elements is also an element.

ideal

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in a perfect world

in an ideal world

in an ˌideal/a ˌperfect ˈworld

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Patient discussion about ideal

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Synonyms for ideal

noun principle

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noun epitome

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noun model

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verb perfect

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verb imaginary

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verb hypothetical

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Synonyms for ideal

noun one that is worthy of imitation or duplication

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noun a fervent hope, wish, or goal

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adj conforming to an ultimate form of perfection or excellence

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adj existing only in concept and not in reality

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Synonyms for ideal

noun the idea of something that is perfect

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noun model of excellence or perfection of a kind

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adj conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence

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adj constituting or existing only in the form of an idea or mental image or conception

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adj of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of the reality of ideas

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