Heat Transfer
Heat transfer
Heat, a form of kinetic energy, is transferred in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat transfer (also called thermal transfer) can occur only if a temperature difference exists, and then only in the direction of decreasing temperature. Beyond this, the mechanisms and laws governing each of these ways are quite different. See Conduction (heat), Convection (heat), Heat radiation
By utilizing a knowledge of the principles governing the three methods of heat transfer and by a proper selection and fabrication of materials, the designer attempts to obtain the required heat flow. This may involve the flow of large amounts of heat to some point in a process or the reduction in flow in others. All three methods operate in processes that are commonplace.
In industry, for example, it is generally desired to extract heat from one fluid stream and add it to another. Devices used for this purpose have passages for each of the two streams separated by a heat-exchange surface in the form of plates or tubes and are known as heat exchangers. The automobile radiator, the hot-water heater, the steam or hot-water radiator in a house, the steam boiler, the condenser and evaporator on the household refrigerator or air conditioner, and even the ordinary cooking utensils in everyday use are all heat exchangers. See Heat
Heat transfer
Heat Transfer
the spontaneous irreversible movement of heat in space owing to a nonuniform temperature field. In the general case, heat transfer may also result from the nonuniformity of the fields of other physical quantities; an example is a difference in concentrations. Heat is transferred in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. In practice, heat transfer usually occurs through all three mechanisms at the same time.
Heat transfer determines or accompanies many processes in daily life, in technology, and in nature—for example, meteorological processes at the earth’s surface and the evolution of stars and planets. In many cases, such as in the study of dehydration, evaporative cooling, and diffusion, heat transfer is considered together with mass transfer. A special case of heat transfer is the flow of heat from one heat-transfer fluid to another through a solid wall separating the fluids or through an interface between the fluids.
heat transfer
[′hēt ¦tranz·fər]Heat transfer
Heat, a form of kinetic energy, is transferred in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat transfer (also called thermal transfer) can occur only if a temperature difference exists, and then only in the direction of decreasing temperature. Beyond this, the mechanisms and laws governing each of these ways are quite different. See Conduction (heat), Convection (heat)
By utilizing a knowledge of the principles governing the three methods of heat transfer and by a proper selection and fabrication of materials, the designer attempts to obtain the required heat flow. This may involve the flow of large amounts of heat to some point in a process or the reduction in flow in others. All three methods operate in processes that are commonplace.
In industry, for example, it is generally desired to extract heat from one fluid stream and add it to another. Devices used for this purpose have passages for each of the two streams separated by a heat-exchange surface in the form of plates or tubes and are known as heat exchangers. The automobile radiator, the hot-water heater, the steam or hot-water radiator in a house, the steam boiler, the condenser and evaporator on the household refrigerator or air conditioner, and even the ordinary cooking utensils in everyday use are all heat exchangers. See Heat exchanger