adaptive optics

n. (used with a sing. verb) An imaging system, such as a reflecting telescope, that has optical elements that change shape, adapting to changes in the phenomena being imaged. Such systems allow astronomers to obtain sharp images of celestial objects by adapting to and removing the effects of turbulence in the earth's atmosphere.

adaptive optics

n (functioning as singular) (General Physics) a technique used to increase the resolution of a ground-based astronomical telescope by counteracting the effects of the atmosphere on the image. A deforming mirror in the light path of the telescope maintains a pointlike image of the celestial body using either a real star or a laser beam as a reference

Translations

ottica adattiva

adaptive optics

Adaptive optics

The science of optical systems in which a controllable optical element, usually a deformable mirror, is used to optimize the performance of the system, for example, to maintain a sharply focused image in the presence of wavefront aberrations. A distinction is made between active optics, in which optical components are modified or adjusted by external control to compensate slowly changing disturbances, and adaptive optics, which applies to closed-loop feedback systems employing sensors and data processors, operating at much higher frequencies.

In a typical adaptive optics system (see illustration) the distorted light beam to be compensated is reflected from the deformable mirror and is sampled by a beam splitter. The light sample is analyzed in a wavefront sensor that determines the error in each part of the beam. The required corrections are computed and applied to the deformable mirror whose surface forms the shape necessary to flatten the reflected wavefront. The result is to remove the optical error at the sampling point so that the light passing through the beam splitter may be focused to a sharp image. Nonlinear optical devices are also capable of performing some adaptive optics functions; these devices operate at high optical power levels. See Aberration (optics), Geometrical optics, Nonlinear optics

Typical adaptive optics system using discrete components

The practical development of adaptive optics started in the late 1960s. Its main applications have been to compensate for the effects of atmospheric turbulence in ground-based astronomical telescopes and to improve the beam quality of high-power lasers. Adaptive optics is now used routinely at several astronomical observatories.

adaptive optics

The techniques by which corrections may be made very rapidly (within hundredths of a second) to the shape of a mirror in order to adjust for distortions in a telescope image arising from turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere. The effects of seeing on the image are thus greatly reduced or removed. Adaptive optics are being applied to new and modernized telescopes to increase the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the telescope, and should allow near-diffraction-limited imaging over the full aperture of large optical and infrared telescopes (see Airy disk). Techniques have been developed to monitor the atmospheric disturbance on the image of a bright reference star, or on an artificial reference star (or beacon), and to make rapid compensating adjustments to the shape of a small thin deformable mirror in the light path of the telescope. See also active optics.

adaptive optics

[ə′dap·tiv ′äp·tiks] (optics) The theory and design of optical systems that measure and correct wavefront aberrations in real time, that is, simultaneous with the operation of the system.

单词	adaptive optics
释义	adaptive optics adaptive optics n. (used with a sing. verb) An imaging system, such as a reflecting telescope, that has optical elements that change shape, adapting to changes in the phenomena being imaged. Such systems allow astronomers to obtain sharp images of celestial objects by adapting to and removing the effects of turbulence in the earth's atmosphere. adaptive optics n (functioning as singular) (General Physics) a technique used to increase the resolution of a ground-based astronomical telescope by counteracting the effects of the atmosphere on the image. A deforming mirror in the light path of the telescope maintains a pointlike image of the celestial body using either a real star or a laser beam as a reference Translations ottica adattiva adaptive optics Adaptive optics The science of optical systems in which a controllable optical element, usually a deformable mirror, is used to optimize the performance of the system, for example, to maintain a sharply focused image in the presence of wavefront aberrations. A distinction is made between active optics, in which optical components are modified or adjusted by external control to compensate slowly changing disturbances, and adaptive optics, which applies to closed-loop feedback systems employing sensors and data processors, operating at much higher frequencies. In a typical adaptive optics system (see illustration) the distorted light beam to be compensated is reflected from the deformable mirror and is sampled by a beam splitter. The light sample is analyzed in a wavefront sensor that determines the error in each part of the beam. The required corrections are computed and applied to the deformable mirror whose surface forms the shape necessary to flatten the reflected wavefront. The result is to remove the optical error at the sampling point so that the light passing through the beam splitter may be focused to a sharp image. Nonlinear optical devices are also capable of performing some adaptive optics functions; these devices operate at high optical power levels. See Aberration (optics), Geometrical optics, Nonlinear optics Typical adaptive optics system using discrete components The practical development of adaptive optics started in the late 1960s. Its main applications have been to compensate for the effects of atmospheric turbulence in ground-based astronomical telescopes and to improve the beam quality of high-power lasers. Adaptive optics is now used routinely at several astronomical observatories. adaptive optics The techniques by which corrections may be made very rapidly (within hundredths of a second) to the shape of a mirror in order to adjust for distortions in a telescope image arising from turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere. The effects of seeing on the image are thus greatly reduced or removed. Adaptive optics are being applied to new and modernized telescopes to increase the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the telescope, and should allow near-diffraction-limited imaging over the full aperture of large optical and infrared telescopes (see Airy disk). Techniques have been developed to monitor the atmospheric disturbance on the image of a bright reference star, or on an artificial reference star (or beacon), and to make rapid compensating adjustments to the shape of a small thin deformable mirror in the light path of the telescope. See also active optics. adaptive optics [ə′dap·tiv ′äp·tiks] (optics) The theory and design of optical systems that measure and correct wavefront aberrations in real time, that is, simultaneous with the operation of the system. AcronymsSeeall out
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