heavy metal nephropathy


nephropathy

 [nĕ-frop´ah-the] 1. any disease of the kidneys. adj., adj nephropath´ic.2. any disease of the kidneys; see also nephritis. Called also nephrosis. adj., adj nephropath´ic.AIDS nephropathy former name for nephropathy" >HIV-associated nephropathy.analgesic nephropathy interstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis, seen in patients with a history of abuse of analgesics such as aspirin or acetaminophen alone or in combination.diabetic nephropathy the nephropathy that commonly accompanies later stages of diabetes mellitus; it begins with hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy, microalbuminuria, and hypertension; in time proteinuria develops, with other signs of decreasing function leading to end-stage renal disease.gouty nephropathy any of a group of chronic kidney diseases associated with the abnormal production and excretion of uric acid.heavy metal nephropathy the kidney damage resulting from any of various forms of heavy metal poisoning, usually in the form of tubulointerstitial nephritis. The most common metals involved are cadmium, lead, and mercury.HIV-associated nephropathy renal pathology in patients infected with the virus" >human immunodeficiency virus, similar to glomerulosclerosis" >focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, with proteinuria, enlarged kidneys, and dilated tubules containing proteinaceous casts; it may progress to end-stage renal disease within weeks.hypokalemic nephropathy nephropathy with hypokalemia, nephritis" >interstitial nephritis, swelling and vacuolization of proximal tubules" >renal tubules, and progressive renal failure, resulting from conditions such as oncotic overloading of the kidney filtration mechanisms by sugars. See also potassium-losing nephropathy.IgA nephropathy a chronic form marked by hematuria and proteinuria and by deposits of IgA immunoglobulin in the mesangial areas of the renal glomeruli, with subsequent reactive hyperplasia of mesangial cells. Called also Berger's disease and IgA glomerulonephritis.ischemic nephropathy nephropathy resulting from partial or complete obstruction of a renal artery with ischemia, accompanied by a significant reduction in the rate" >glomerular filtration rate.lead nephropathy the kidney damage that accompanies lead poisoning; lead deposits appear in the epithelium of the proximal tubules and as nuclear inclusions in cells. In time this leads to tubulointerstitial nephritis with chronic renal failure and other symptoms.membranous nephropathy membranous glomerulonephritis.minimal change nephropathy minimal change disease.obstructive nephropathy nephropathy caused by obstruction of the urinary tract (usually the ureter), with hydronephrosis, slowing of the rate" >glomerular filtration rate, and tubular abnormalities.potassium-losing nephropathy hypokalemic nephropathy after persistent potassium loss; it may be seen in metabolic alkalosis, adrenocortical hormone excess, or in intrinsic renal disease such as renal tubular acidosis or hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells. Called also potassium-losing nephritis.reflux nephropathy childhood pyelonephritis in which the renal scarring results from reflux" >vesicoureteric reflux, with radiological appearance of reflux" >intrarenal reflux.salt-losing nephropathy intrinsic renal disease causing abnormal urinary sodium loss in persons ingesting normal amounts of sodium chloride, with vomiting, dehydration, and vascular collapse. Called also salt-losing nephritis.urate nephropathy (uric acid nephropathy) any of a group of kidney diseases occurring in patients with hyperuricemia, including an acute form, a chronic form (nephropathy" >gouty nephropathy), and nephrolithiasis with formation of calculi" >uric acid calculi.