| 释义 |
hiccup
hic·cup also hic·cough H0186400 (hĭk′əp)n.1. a. A spasm of the diaphragm resulting in a rapid, involuntary inhalation that is stopped by the sudden closure of the glottis and accompanied by a sharp, distinctive sound.b. hiccups also hiccoughs An attack of these spasms. Often used with the.2. The sound made by such a spasm or a sound resembling it: "the urgent hiccup of a police siren" (John Updike).3. A usually minor setback, impediment, or difficulty; a hitch: "As long as the Fed remains fearful to act lest it be blamed for any economic hiccup, market uncertainty will continue" (Kevin Brady).intr.v. hic·cupped, hic·cup·ping, hic·cups also hic·coughed or hic·cough·ing or hic·coughs 1. To make a hiccup or a sound like a hiccup.2. To have an attack of hiccups.
[Imitative.]hiccup (ˈhɪkʌp) or hiccoughn1. (Pathology) a spasm of the diaphragm producing a sudden breathing in followed by a closing of the glottis, resulting in a sharp sound. Technical name: singultus 2. (Pathology) the state or condition of having such spasms3. informal a minor difficulty or problemvb, -cups, -cuping, -cuped, -cups, -cupping, -cupped, -coughs, -coughing or -coughed4. (Pathology) (intr) to make a hiccup or hiccups5. (Pathology) (tr) to utter with a hiccup or hiccups[C16: of imitative origin]hic•cup or hic•cough (ˈhɪk ʌp, -əp)
n., v. -cuped -cupped or -coughed, -cup•ing -cup•ping or -cough•ing. n. 1. a quick, involuntary inhalation that follows a spasm of the diaphragm and is suddenly checked by closure of the glottis, producing a short, relatively sharp sound. 2. Usu., hiccups. the condition of having such spasms. v.i. 3. to make the sound of a hiccup: The motor hiccuped. 4. to have the hiccups. [1570–80; alter. of hocket, hickock, of imitative origin; akin to Low German hick] hic·cup (hĭk′əp) A sudden and uncontrolled contraction of the diaphragm, causing the breath to be quickly drawn in and then immediately cut off by a closing of the throat.hiccup
Past participle: hiccuped/hiccupped
Gerund: hiccuping/hiccupping
| Present |
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| I hiccup | | you hiccup | | he/she/it hiccups | | we hiccup | | you hiccup | | they hiccup |
| Preterite |
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| I hiccuped/hiccupped | | you hiccuped/hiccupped | | he/she/it hiccuped/hiccupped | | we hiccuped/hiccupped | | you hiccuped/hiccupped | | they hiccuped/hiccupped |
| Present Continuous |
|---|
| I am hiccuping/hiccupping | | you are hiccuping/hiccupping | | he/she/it is hiccuping/hiccupping | | we are hiccuping/hiccupping | | you are hiccuping/hiccupping | | they are hiccuping/hiccupping |
| Present Perfect |
|---|
| I have hiccuped/hiccupped | | you have hiccuped/hiccupped | | he/she/it has hiccuped/hiccupped | | we have hiccuped/hiccupped | | you have hiccuped/hiccupped | | they have hiccuped/hiccupped |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was hiccuping/hiccupping | | you were hiccuping/hiccupping | | he/she/it was hiccuping/hiccupping | | we were hiccuping/hiccupping | | you were hiccuping/hiccupping | | they were hiccuping/hiccupping |
| Past Perfect |
|---|
| I had hiccuped/hiccupped | | you had hiccuped/hiccupped | | he/she/it had hiccuped/hiccupped | | we had hiccuped/hiccupped | | you had hiccuped/hiccupped | | they had hiccuped/hiccupped |
| Future |
|---|
| I will hiccup | | you will hiccup | | he/she/it will hiccup | | we will hiccup | | you will hiccup | | they will hiccup |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have hiccuped/hiccupped | | you will have hiccuped/hiccupped | | he/she/it will have hiccuped/hiccupped | | we will have hiccuped/hiccupped | | you will have hiccuped/hiccupped | | they will have hiccuped/hiccupped |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be hiccuping/hiccupping | | you will be hiccuping/hiccupping | | he/she/it will be hiccuping/hiccupping | | we will be hiccuping/hiccupping | | you will be hiccuping/hiccupping | | they will be hiccuping/hiccupping |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | you have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | he/she/it has been hiccuping/hiccupping | | we have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | you have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | they have been hiccuping/hiccupping |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | you will have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | he/she/it will have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | we will have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | you will have been hiccuping/hiccupping | | they will have been hiccuping/hiccupping |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been hiccuping/hiccupping | | you had been hiccuping/hiccupping | | he/she/it had been hiccuping/hiccupping | | we had been hiccuping/hiccupping | | you had been hiccuping/hiccupping | | they had been hiccuping/hiccupping |
| Conditional |
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| I would hiccup | | you would hiccup | | he/she/it would hiccup | | we would hiccup | | you would hiccup | | they would hiccup |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have hiccuped/hiccupped | | you would have hiccuped/hiccupped | | he/she/it would have hiccuped/hiccupped | | we would have hiccuped/hiccupped | | you would have hiccuped/hiccupped | | they would have hiccuped/hiccupped |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  hiccup - (usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion; "how do you cure the hiccups?"hiccough, singultusinborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex, reflex action, reflex response, unconditioned reflex - an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulusplural, plural form - the form of a word that is used to denote more than onesymptom - (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease | | Verb | 1. | hiccup - breathe spasmodically, and make a sound; "When you have to hiccup, drink a glass of cold water"hiccoughbreathe, take a breath, suspire, respire - draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs; "I can breathe better when the air is clean"; "The patient is respiring" |
hiccup hiccoughnoun setback, hold-up, hitch, glitch, check, blow, upset, disappointment, bit of trouble A recent sales hiccup is nothing to panic about.Translationshiccup, hiccough (ˈhikap) noun1. (the sound caused by) a sudden brief stopping of the breath caused by eg eating or drinking too much, too quickly. 打飽嗝 打嗝2. (in plural) the frequent repetition of this, at intervals of a few seconds. an attack of hiccoughs; I've got the hiccups. 打嗝 连续地打嗝，打嗝儿 verb – past tense, past participle ˈhiccuped (American also ˈhiccupped) – to make a hiccup or hiccups. 打嗝 打嗝hiccup
hiccup or hiccough, involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by a sharp intake of air, which is abruptly stopped by a sudden, involuntary closing of the glottis (opening between the vocal cords); the consequent blocking of air produces a repeated characteristic sharp sound, or hic. It is believed that hiccup is caused by stimulation of the nerve pathways or centers that control the muscles of respiration, particularly the diaphragm. In most instances hiccups are transient, although their course may sometimes be shortened by such measures as holding the breath, deep regular breathing, or rebreathing into a paper bag to increase the carbon dioxide content of the body. However, persistent hiccups may last for weeks, months, or even years. When hiccups are prolonged, therapy may include the administering of certain drugs, inhalation of carbon dioxide, and even interruption of the phrenic nerve either by injection of an anesthetic or by surgery.hiccup[′hik·əp] (medicine) singultus hiccup1. a spasm of the diaphragm producing a sudden breathing in followed by a closing of the glottis, resulting in a sharp sound 2. the state or condition of having such spasms hiccup
hiccup [hik´up] spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm that results in uncontrolled breathing in of air; it is accompanied by a peculiar noise produced by a beginning inhalation that is suddenly checked by closure of the glottis. Hiccups have many different possible causes, such as rapid eating, irritation in the digestive or respiratory system, or irritation of the diaphragm muscle itself; they sometimes occur as a complication following some kinds of surgery or in serious diseases such as uremia and epidemic encephalitis; and they may have a purely emotional cause. The condition is serious only when it persists for a long time; hiccups usually stop after a few minutes. Called also hiccough and singultus.
Standard home remedies for hiccups include holding the breath, swallowing sugar or a bread crust, pulling the tongue forward, applications of cold to the back of the neck, simply sipping water slowly, and breathing into a paper bag. The bag has the effect of cutting off normal exchange of air with the surrounding atmosphere. The air in the bag, after a few breaths, will have an increasingly high carbon dioxide content, and so will the air in the lungs, and finally the blood. As a result, the automatic respiratory centers in the brain call for stronger and deeper breathing to get rid of the carbon dioxide. This frequently makes the contractions of the diaphragm more regular and eliminates the hiccups. (Patients should be cautioned not to use this paper bag method for longer than one minute at a time.) In extreme cases of prolonged hiccups, sedatives or antianxiety agents may be necessary.hic·cup (hik'ŭp), The misspelling hiccough, a modern variant, is better avoided.A diaphragmatic spasm causing a sudden inhalation that is interrupted by a spasmodic closure of the glottis, producing a noise. Synonym(s): singultushiccup also hiccough (hĭk′əp)n.1. a. A spasm of the diaphragm resulting in a rapid, involuntary inhalation that is stopped by the sudden closure of the glottis and accompanied by a sharp, distinctive sound.b. hiccups also hiccoughs An attack of these spasms. Often used with the.2. The sound made by such a spasm or a sound resembling it: "the urgent hiccup of a police siren" (John Updike).intr.v. hic·cupped, hic·cupping, hic·cups also hic·coughed or hic·coughing or hic·coughs 1. To make a hiccup or a sound like a hiccup.2. To have an attack of hiccups.An abrupt inspiratory muscle contraction, followed within 35 msec by glottic closure; the hiccup center is in the spinal cord between C3 and C5; an afferent impulse is carried by the vagus and phrenic nerves and thoracic sympathetic chain; the efferent impulse is carried by the phrenic nerve with branches to the glottis and accessory respiratory muscles
Aetiology Idiopathic, psychogenic, abdominal disease—gastric distension, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, bowel obstruction—esophagospasm or inflammation including hepatitis, peritonitis, gastritis, enteritis, appendicitis, pancreatitis, abrupt temperature change, alcohol, inferior wall MI, irritation of tympanic membrane, metabolic derangements—azotemia, hyponatraemia, uremia—diaphragmatic irritants, diseases of chest wall, lung, and heart—mediastinitis, tumours, aortic aneurysms, subphrenic abcesses, pericarditis—foreign bodies, excess smoking, excitement or stress, toxins, drugs—general anesthesia, barbiturates, diazepam, alpha-methyldopa—pneumonia, herpes zoster, central and peripheral nervous system disease—encephalitis, tumours, meningitis, brainstem infarcts, phrenic nerve compression, cervical cord lesions; intractable hiccupping may result in inability to eat or sleep, arrhythmias or reflux oesophagitis, or may be compatible with a normal life. The most recalcitrant case of hypersingultation occurred in an American pig farmer, which began in 1922, and continued to 1987
Management No therapy is consistently effective.Chlorpromazine, a dopaminergic blocker, and diphenhydramine may be as effective as—and more dignified than—standing on one’s head and other ‘folk’ maneuvers; other dopaminergic blockers include haloperidol, metoclopramide and apomorphine; rare cases respond to amantidine or amitriptyline, carbamazepine, nifedipine, baclofen, ketamine, phenytoin and lidocaine, with fewer side effectshiccup Hiccough, singultation Clinical medicine An abrupt inspiratory muscle contraction, followed within 35 msec by glottic closure; the hiccup center is in the spinal cord between C3 and C5; an afferent impulse is carried by the vagus and phrenic nerves and thoracic sympathetic chain; the efferent impulse is carried by the phrenic nerve with branches to the glottis and accessory respiratory muscles Etiology Idiopathic, psychogenic, abdominal disease–gastric distension, GI hemorrhage, bowel obstruction, esophagospasm, or inflammation including hepatitis, peritonitis, gastritis, enteritis, appendicitis, pancreatitis, abrupt temperature change, alcohol, inferior wall MI, irritation of tympanic membrane, metabolic derangements–azotemia, hyponatremia, uremia, diaphragmatic irritants, diseases of chest wall, lung, and heart–mediastinitis, tumors, aortic aneurysms, subphrenic abcesses, pericarditis, foreign bodies, excess smoking, excitement or stress, toxins, drugs–general anesthesia, barbiturates, diazepam, α-methyldopa, tumors, pneumonia, herpes zoster, central and peripheral nervous system disease–encephalitis, tumors, meningitis, brainstem infarcts, phrenic nerve compression, cervical cord lesions; intractable hiccupping may result in inability to eat or sleep, arrhythmias or reflux esophagitis, or may be compatible with a normal life Management No therapy is consistently effective. Cf Burping, Flatulance, Sneezing. hic·cup (hik'ŭp) A diaphragmatic spasm causing a sudden inhalation that is interrupted by a spasmodic closure of the glottis, producing a noise. hiccup Repetitive involuntary spasms of the diaphragm causing inspirations, each followed by sudden closure of the vocal cords. In most cases the cause is unknown and it can be stopped by re-breathing into a small bag. Pathological hiccup is a feature of various conditions including kidney failure with URAEMIA, pleurisy, pneumonia and intestinal disorders. It can be dangerously exhausting but can often be controlled with the muscle relaxant drug baclofen (Lioresal). In some cases it may have to be treated by temporarily paralysing the nerve to the diaphragm. Also called ‘hiccough’.hic·cup , hiccough (hik'ŭp) A diaphragmatic spasm causing a sudden inhalation interrupted by a spasmodic closure of the glottis. Hiccup
Hiccup1. A brief decline in a price during a general uptrend.
2. A brief rise in a price during a general downtrend.
In both cases, any number of factors may cause a hiccup, but the trend soon resumes.hiccup
Synonyms for hiccupnoun setbackSynonyms- setback
- hold-up
- hitch
- glitch
- check
- blow
- upset
- disappointment
- bit of trouble
Synonyms for hiccupnoun (usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible soundSynonymsRelated Words- inborn reflex
- innate reflex
- instinctive reflex
- physiological reaction
- reflex
- reflex action
- reflex response
- unconditioned reflex
- plural
- plural form
- symptom
verb breathe spasmodically, and make a soundSynonymsRelated Words- breathe
- take a breath
- suspire
- respire
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