Hydraulic Jump

Hydraulic jump

An abrupt increase of depth in a free-surface liquid flow. A hydraulic jump is characterized by rapid flow and small depths on the upstream side, and by larger depths and smaller velocities on the downstream side. A jump can form only when the upstream flow is supercritical, that is, when the fluid velocity is greater than the propagation velocity c of a small, shallow-water gravity wave (c = gh, where g is the acceleration of gravity and h is the depth). A considerable amount of energy is dissipated in the conversion from supercritical to subcritical flow. See Open channel

Hydraulic Jump

an abrupt turbulent rise in water level in an open channel during a change in flow from a so-called turbulent condition to a calm condition. Hydraulic jump is accompanied by the formation of a surface “roller,” within which the heavily air-saturated fluid is in compound rotary motion.

Hydraulic jump usually occurs during the passage of a flow through the openings of hydraulic structures, such as spillways and floodgates. Channel degradations can occur as a result of high flow rates along the bottom in the hydraulic jump zone. The theory of hydraulic jumps is treated in hydraulics.

hydraulic jump

[hī′drȯ·lik ′jəmp] (fluid mechanics) A steady-state, finite-amplitude disturbance in a channel, in which water passes turbulently from a region of (uniform) low depth and high velocity to a region of (uniform) high depth and low velocity; when applied to hydraulic jumps, the usual hydraulic formulas governing the relations of velocity and depth do not conserve energy.

hydraulic jump

hydraulic jump A phenomenon at the transition from high to low velocity in the horizontal pipe at the base of a vertical drain (i.e., a drainage stack) where the flow of water changes from a vertical to horizontal direction; results in a discontinuity in flow at a short distance downstream from the base of the drainage stack. (See illustration p. 524.)

单词	hydraulic jump
释义	Hydraulic Jump Hydraulic jump An abrupt increase of depth in a free-surface liquid flow. A hydraulic jump is characterized by rapid flow and small depths on the upstream side, and by larger depths and smaller velocities on the downstream side. A jump can form only when the upstream flow is supercritical, that is, when the fluid velocity is greater than the propagation velocity c of a small, shallow-water gravity wave (c = gh, where g is the acceleration of gravity and h is the depth). A considerable amount of energy is dissipated in the conversion from supercritical to subcritical flow. See Open channel Hydraulic Jump an abrupt turbulent rise in water level in an open channel during a change in flow from a so-called turbulent condition to a calm condition. Hydraulic jump is accompanied by the formation of a surface “roller,” within which the heavily air-saturated fluid is in compound rotary motion. Hydraulic jump usually occurs during the passage of a flow through the openings of hydraulic structures, such as spillways and floodgates. Channel degradations can occur as a result of high flow rates along the bottom in the hydraulic jump zone. The theory of hydraulic jumps is treated in hydraulics. hydraulic jump [hī′drȯ·lik ′jəmp] (fluid mechanics) A steady-state, finite-amplitude disturbance in a channel, in which water passes turbulently from a region of (uniform) low depth and high velocity to a region of (uniform) high depth and low velocity; when applied to hydraulic jumps, the usual hydraulic formulas governing the relations of velocity and depth do not conserve energy. hydraulic jump hydraulic jump A phenomenon at the transition from high to low velocity in the horizontal pipe at the base of a vertical drain (i.e., a drainage stack) where the flow of water changes from a vertical to horizontal direction; results in a discontinuity in flow at a short distance downstream from the base of the drainage stack. (See illustration p. 524.)
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