| 单词 | hydrocortisone | |||
| 释义 | hydrocortisonehy·dro·cor·ti·soneH0344000 (hī′drə-kôr′tĭ-sōn′, -zōn′)hydrocortisone(ˌhaɪdrəʊˈkɔːtɪˌzəʊn)hy•dro•cor•ti•sone(ˌhaɪ drəˈkɔr təˌzoʊn, -ˌsoʊn)n.
hydrocortisonehydrocortisone(hī'drəkôr`tĭzōn'), another name for the steroid hormone cortisolcortisolor hydrocortisone, steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland. Like cortisone, cortisol is classed as a glucocorticoid; it stimulates liver glycogen formation while it decreases the rate ..... Click the link for more information. , more especially used to refer to preparations of this hormone used medicinally. Hydrocortisone, introduced in 1952, is more potent than cortisonecortisone , steroid hormone whose main physiological effect is on carbohydrate metabolism. It is synthesized from cholesterol in the outer layer, or cortex, of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ..... Click the link for more information. with respect to medicinal metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. Like cortisone, it is used to treat Addison's diseaseAddison's disease [for Thomas Addison], progressive disease brought about by atrophy of the outer layer, or cortex, of the adrenal gland; it is also called chronic adrenocortical insufficiency. ..... Click the link for more information. , inflammatory and rheumatoid diseases, and allergies. Low-potency hydrocortisone, available over the counter, is used to treat skin irritations. See also corticosteroid drugcorticosteroid drug , any one of several synthetic or naturally occurring substances with the general chemical structure of steroids. They are used therapeutically to mimic or augment the effects of the naturally occurring corticosteroids, which are produced in the cortex of the ..... Click the link for more information. ; steroidssteroids, class of lipids having a particular molecular ring structure called the cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene ring system. Steroids differ from one another in the structure of various side chains and additional rings. Steroids are common in both plants and animals. ..... Click the link for more information. . Hydrocortisone(17-hydroxycorticosterone, cortisol), one of the glucocorticoids; a hormone formed in the adrenal cortex and predominantly regulating carbohydrate metabolism. The human adrenal glands secrete from 5 to 30 mg of hydrocortisone per day, although formation of hydrocortisone may increase five times under conditions of stress or upon introduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Hydrocortisone is used in medical practice as a hormonal preparation that exerts an anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effect. Hydrocortisone (and hydrocortisone acetate in the form of a suspension) is prescribed for the treatment of rheumatism, bronchial asthma, leukemia, and endocrine and other diseases; it is used locally (most often in the form of a cream) for eczema, neurodermatitis, and eye diseases. hydrocortisone[‚hī·drə′kȯrd·ə‚zōn]hydrocortisonehydrocortisone[hi″dro-kor´tĭ-sōn]hydrocortisonehydrocortisone acetatehydrocortisone butyratehydrocortisone sodium succinatehydrocortisone valeratePharmacologic class: Short-acting corticosteroid Therapeutic class: Anti-inflammatory (steroidal) Pregnancy risk category C ActionSuppresses inflammatory and immune responses, mainly by inhibiting migration of leukocytes and phagocytes and decreasing inflammatory mediators AvailabilityCream, gel, lotion, ointment, solution: various strengths Injection: 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml; 100 mg/vial, 250 mg/vial, 500 mg/vial, 1,000 mg/vial Intrarectal aerosol foam: 90 mg Oral suspension: 10 mg/5 ml Retention enema: 100 mg/60 ml Spray (topical): 1% Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg Indications and dosages➣ Replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency; hypercalcemia due to cancer; arthritis; collagen diseases; dermatologic diseases; autoimmune and hematologic disorders; trichinosis; ulcerative colitis; multiple sclerosis; proctitis; nephrotic syndrome; aspiration pneumonia hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone cypionate- Adults and children: 20 to 240 mg/day P.O. hydrocortisone acetate (suspension)- Adults and children: 5 to 75 mg by intra-articular injection (depending on joint size) q 2 to 3 weeks hydrocortisone acetate (intrarectal foam)- Adults and children: One applicatorful of intrarectal foam daily or b.i.d. for 2 to 3 weeks; then one applicatorful every other day hydrocortisone sodium phosphate- Adults and children: 15 to 240 mg/day subcutaneously, I.M., or I.V., adjusted according to response hydrocortisone sodium succinate- Adults and children: 100 to 500 mg I.M. or I.V.; may repeat at 2-, 4-, or 6-hour intervals, depending on response and condition hydrocortisone retention enema- Adults and children: 100 mg P.R. at bedtime for 21 nights or until desired response; patient should retain enema for at least 1 hour. ➣ Itching and inflammation caused by skin conditions Adults and children: Thin film of topical preparation applied to affected area one to four times daily, depending on drug form and severity of condition Off-label uses• Phlebitis • Stomatitis Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug, alcohol, bisulfites, or tartrazine (with some products) • Systemic fungal infections • Concurrent use of other immunosuppressant corticosteroids • Concurrent administration of live-virus vaccines PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • hypertension, osteoporosis, glaucoma, renal or GI disease, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, thromboembolic disorders, myasthenia gravis, heart failure • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children ages 6 and younger (safety not established). Administration• Give oral form with food or milk to avoid GI upset. • Give I.V. injection of sodium succinate form over 30 seconds to a few minutes. • Know that drug may be given as intermittent or continuous I.V. infusion. Dilute in normal saline solution, dextrose 5% in water, or dextrose 5% in normal saline solution. • Inject I.M. deep into gluteal muscle. Rotate injection sites to prevent muscle atrophy. • Be aware that subcutaneous administration may cause muscle atrophy or sterile abscess. See Never abruptly discontinue high-dose or long-term systemic therapy. • Know that systemic forms typically are used for adrenal replacement rather than inflammation. • Be aware that occlusive dressings, heat, hydration, inflammation, denuding, and thinning of skin increase topical drug absorption.  Adverse reactionsCNS: headache, nervousness, depression, euphoria, personality changes, psychoses, vertigo, paresthesia, insomnia, restlessness, conus medullaris syndrome, meningitis, increased intracranial pressure, seizures CV: hypotension, hypertension, thrombophlebitis, heart failure, shock, fat embolism, thromboembolism, arrhythmias EENT: cataracts, glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, epistaxis, nasal congestion, perforated nasal septum, dysphonia, hoarseness, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal fungal infections GI: nausea, vomiting, esophageal candidiasis or ulcer, abdominal distention, dry mouth, rectal bleeding, peptic ulceration, pancreatitis Hematologic: purpura Metabolic: sodium and fluid retention, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, amenorrhea, growth retardation, diabetes mellitus, cushingoid appearance, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression with secondary adrenal insufficiency (with abrupt withdrawal or high-dose, prolonged use) Musculoskeletal: osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, muscle pain or weakness, steroid myopathy, loss of muscle mass, tendon rupture, spontaneous fractures Respiratory: cough, wheezing, rebound congestion, bronchospasm Skin: rash, pruritus, urticaria, contact dermatitis, acne, bruising, hirsutism, petechiae, striae, acneiform lesions, skin fragility and thinness, angioedema Other: altered taste; anosmia; appetite changes; weight gain; facial edema; increased susceptibility to infection; masking or aggravation of infection; adhesive arachnoiditis; injection site pain, burning, or atrophy; immunosuppression; hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis InteractionsDrug-drug. Amphotericin B, loop and thiazide diuretics, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin: additive hypokalemia Fluoroquinolones: increased risk of tendon rupture Hormonal contraceptives: prolonged half-life and increased effects of hydrocortisone Insulin, oral hypoglycemics: increased requirements for these drugs Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: increased risk of adverse GI reactions Phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin: decreased hydrocortisone efficacy Somatrem: inhibition of growth-promoting effect Drug-diagnostic tests. Calcium, potassium, thyroxine, triiodothyronine: decreased levels Cholesterol, glucose: increased levels Digoxin assays: false elevation (with some test methods) Nitroblue tetrazolium test: false-negative result Drug-herbs. Echinacea: increased immunostimulation Ginseng: potentiation of immunomodulation Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: increased risk of gastric irritation and GI ulcers Patient monitoringSee In high-dose therapy (which should not exceed 48 hours), watch closely for signs and symptoms of depression or psychotic episodes. • Monitor blood pressure, weight, and electrolyte levels regularly. • Assess blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Expect to increase insulin or oral hypoglycemic dosage. See Monitor patient's response during weaning from drug. Watch for adrenal crisis, which may occur if drug is discontinued too quickly. Patient teaching• Instruct patient to take daily P.O. dose with food by 8 A.M. See Urge patient to immediately report unusual weight gain, face or leg swelling, epigastric burning, vomiting of blood, black tarry stools, irregular menstrual cycles, fever, prolonged sore throat, cold or other infection, or worsening of symptoms. • Tell patient using topical form not to apply occlusive dressing unless instructed by prescriber. • Advise patient to discontinue topical drug and notify prescriber if local irritation occurs. • Instruct patient to eat small, frequent meals and to take antacids as needed to minimize GI upset. • Tell patient that response to drug will be monitored regularly. See Caution patient not to stop taking drug abruptly. • In long-term use, instruct patient to have regular eye exams. • Instruct patient to wear medical identification stating that he's taking this drug. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above. hy·dro·cor·ti·sone(hī'drō-kōr'ti-sōn),hydrocortisone(hī′drə-kôr′tĭ-sōn′, -zōn′)hydrocortisoneCortisol The principal corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex, which has mineralocorticoid activity, and relieves Sx of certain hormone deficiencies, and is immunosuppressivehy·dro·cor·ti·sone(hī'drō-kōr'ti-sōn)Synonym(s): cortisol. hydrocortisoneA natural steroid hormone derived from the outer layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland. The drug CORTISONE is converted into hydrocortisone in the liver. Hydrocortisone has anti-inflammatory and sodium-retaining properties. It is widely used as a mild CORTICOSTEROID drug mainly for skin disorders. The drug is on the WHO official list. Brand names are Colifoam, Corlan, Dioderm, Efcortelan, Efcortesol, Hydrocortistab, Hydrocortone, Midison Lipocream. The drug is also formulated, for external use, with a variety of other drugs such as allantoin, antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, coal tar extracts, crotamiton (anti-itch drug), hydrating agents, local anaesthetics, zinc oxide, etc. At least 40 preparations containing hydrocortisone are available on the UK drug market.cortisolorhydrocortisonean adrenocortical steroid with effects similar to CORTISONE.Hydrocortisonehy·dro·cor·ti·sone(hī'drō-kōr'ti-sōn)hydrocortisone
Synonyms for hydrocortisone
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