human papillomavirus
human pap·il·lo·ma·vi·rus
H0319350 (păp′ə-lō′mə-vī′rəs)hu′man papillo′mavirus
n.
| 单词 | human papillomavirus |
| 释义 | human papillomavirushuman pap·il·lo·ma·vi·rusH0319350 (păp′ə-lō′mə-vī′rəs)hu′man papillo′mavirusn. human papillomavirushuman papillomavirus(HPV), any of a family of more than 100 viruses that cause various growths, including plantar wartswart,circumscribed outgrowth of the skin caused by a filterable virus that is readily transmitted. Warts may appear anywhere on the skin but are most common on the hands. ..... Click the link for more information. and genital warts, a sexually transmitted diseasesexually transmitted disease (STD) or venereal disease, term for infections acquired mainly through sexual contact. Five diseases were traditionally known as venereal diseases: gonorrhea, syphilis, and the less common granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum, and ..... Click the link for more information. . Genital warts, sometimes called condylomata acuminata, are soft and often occur in clusters. They can occur internally or externally, but even in the absence of warts the virus may be present and transmittable. Problems can result from untreated warts, which can grow quite large, or, in rare cases, from infection of an infant during delivery. In addition, about a dozen strains of HPV are associated with cancercancer, in medicine, common term for neoplasms, or tumors, that are malignant. Like benign tumors, malignant tumors do not respond to body mechanisms that limit cell growth. ..... Click the link for more information. of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, and anus, and HPV 16 has been shown to be associated with some forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (see AIDSAIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, fatal disease caused by a rapidly mutating retrovirus that attacks the immune system and leaves the victim vulnerable to infections, malignancies, and neurological disorders. It was first recognized as a disease in 1981. ..... Click the link for more information. ) and throat cancer. Transmission of HPV strains is often the result of sexual contact, but it can also occur as the result of any skin-to-skin contact involving the mouth or genitals. Detectable warts can be or removed, usually by chemicals, freezing, or laser, but often recur. Intralesional alpha interferon has been effective in the treatment of genital warts. A vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2006 can protect a woman against those strains that cause most cases of cervical cancer and genital warts, and a study has shown it may also protect against related throat cancers. HPV vaccination is now recommended for both girls and boys beginning at 11 to 12 years of age. human papillomavirus[¦yü·mən ‚pap·ə′lō·mə ‚vī·rəs]human papillomaviruspapillomavirus[pap″ĭ-lo´mah-vi″rus]hu·man pap·il·lo·ma·vi·rus (HPV),HPV infection is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease. A single unprotected contact with an infected person carries a 60% risk of infection. The interval between exposure and clinical evidence of disease ranges from 3 weeks to 8 months. The annual incidence of genital HPV infection in the U.S. is estimated to be 3.5 million cases, with a prevalence of current infection of 20 million. More than one half of all sexually active women have been infected with one or more genital HPV types. About 15% have DNA evidence of current infection and 1% have genital warts. Most HPV infections are subclinical and transitory, the median duration of infection being about 8 months, with persistence rates of 30% at 1 year and 9% at 2 years. However, some types of HPV can induce genetic mutations in cervical epithelium that can culminate, after a latent period of 10-20 years, in the development of cancer. Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common malignancy in women under age 50. In the U.S., the incidence of cervical cancer is 8.3/100,000, with approximately 14,000 cases and 1,000 deaths annually. As many as 98% of all cancers of the cervix (most of which are squamous cell carcinomas) are believed to be induced by infection with HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and a few others. HPV typing in women with atypical squamous cells of undertermined significance (ASC-US) on cervical Papanicolaou smear helps to identify those in whom more intensive surveillance for premalignant change is warranted. Women with external genital warts (condylomata acuminata, which are usually due to HPV type 6 or 11) are not at increased risk of cervical cancer and do not need special surveillance if routine Papanicolaou smears are negative. Some 40% of HIV-positive women develop severe cervical dysplasia caused by HPV, which in many cases proceeds to fatal cancer with an aggressiveness not commonly seen among non-HIV-positive women. Diagnosis of HPV infection is based on visual inspection (including colposcopy with application of acetic acid to the cervix), Papanicolaou smear, and biopsy, with detection of viral DNA in tissue. Treatment options depend on the site and extent of involvement and include surgical excision, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen, topical application of bichloracetic acid or trichloracetic acid, laser ablation, loop electrosurgical excision, and intralesional injection of interferon. External genital warts usually respond to topical treatment with podofilox gel or imiquimod (a cytokine-inducing agent that can be applied by the patient). Subclinical HPV infection, detectable only by Papanicolaou smear or other laboratory methods, may prove impossible to eradicate. The virus cannot be cultured, and there is no test to confirm cure. In limited trials, a vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in preventing both HPV-16 infection and HPV-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women not previously exposed to the virus. human papillomavirus(păp′ə-lō′mə-vī′rəs)HPVA DNA virus that causes warts on acral parts which, in those with multiple sexual partners, may be premalignant, especially in those infected with types 16, 18, 31, 33 or 65 genotypes of HPV have been described. A genotype is distinct if it has < 50% DNA sequence similarity or “homology” with its closest relative. HPV has been identified by in situ hybridisation in epithelial proliferations that are benign (e.g., condyloma acuminatum), or malignant (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, anus, and uterine cervix) or of uncertain clinical behaviour (e.g., inverted papillomas of the nasopharynx).human papillomavirusSee HPV.hu·man pa·pil·lo·ma·vi·rus(HPV) (hyū'măn pap'i-lō'mă-vī'rŭs)Synonym(s): infectious papillomavirus. human papillomavirus (HPV)A member of the Papoviridae family that replicate in the nucleus of the host cell. HPV is the cause of common warts (HPV types 2, 4), flat warts (10), genital warts (6, 11), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 40, 42, 44), cervical cancer (mainly 16, 18), penile cancer and laryngeal cancer (mainly 16). The highest-risk HPV types are believed to be 16, 58, 31, 18, 56, 35, 33, 45, 52,39, 51 and 59.Human papillomavirus (HPV)Patient discussion about human papillomavirusQ. hpv Can i get pregnant Q. Should I Vaccinate My Daughter Against HPV? I have a 12 year old daughter. Her School wants all the girls aged 12 and up to be vaccinated against HPV. A lot of Parents are against this vaccine. I want to know more about this vaccine and if I should vaccinate my daughter. Q. Is there a natural cure for hpv? More discussions about human papillomavirusSee HPV |
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