| 单词 | hamas | |||||||
| 释义 | HamasHamas(ˈhæmæs)Ha•mas(ˈhɑ mɑs)n.
HamasHamas(hämäs`) [Arab., = zeal], Arabic acronym for the Islamic Resistance Movement, a Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist organization that was founded in 1987 during the IntifadaIntifada[Arab.,=uprising, shaking off], the Palestinian uprising during the late 1980s and early 90s in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, areas that had been occupied by Israel since 1967. A vehicular accident that killed four Palestinians in the Gaza Strip in Dec. ..... Click the link for more information. ; it seeks to establish an Islamic state in Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip (the former mandate of PalestinePalestine , historic region on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, at various times comprising parts of modern Israel, the West Bank and Gaza (recognized internationally by nations as independent Palestine), Jordan, and Egypt; also known as the Holy Land. ..... Click the link for more information. ). An offshoot of the Muslim BrotherhoodMuslim Brotherhood, officially Jamiat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun [Arab.,=Society of Muslim Brothers], religious and political organization founded (1928) in Egypt by Hasan al-Banna. ..... Click the link for more information. , Hamas operates mosques, schools, clinics, and social programs but is best known in the West for its military wing, which has carried out numerous terrorist attacks on Israelis. Hamas opposed the 1993 accord between Israel and the Palestine Liberation OrganizationPalestine Liberation Organization (PLO), coordinating council for Palestinian organizations, founded (1964) by Egypt and the Arab League and initially controlled by Egypt. ..... Click the link for more information. (PLO), which granted Palestinians gradual limited autonomy in the Gaza StripGaza Strip , (2007 pop. 1,416,543) rectangular coastal area, c.140 sq mi (370 sq km), SW Asia, on the Mediterranean Sea adjoining Egypt and Israel, in what was formerly SW Palestine, now officially administered by the Palestinian Authority. ..... Click the link for more information. and the West BankWest Bank, territory, formerly part of Palestine, after 1949 administered by Jordan, since 1967 largely occupied by Israel (2005 est. pop. 2,386,000), 2,165 sq mi (5,607 sq km), west of the Jordan River, incorporating the northwest quadrant of the Dead Sea. ..... Click the link for more information. and called for complete Israeli withdrawal from both areas. After 1993 Hamas's military wing carried out suicide bombings in Israel in an attempt to derail both that agreement and further negotiations. Hamas supporters were prominent among those who challenged the Palestinian AuthorityPalestinian Authority In 2005 Hamas ran strongly in local elections in Gaza and the West Bank, besting Al Fatah in many areas, and in the Palestinian Authority (PA) legislative elections in Jan., 2006, it won a majority of the seats and then formed a government. Accelerating tensions between Hamas and Al Fatah threatened to dissolve the PA in chaos in the spring of 2006, but when Hamas forces captured (June) an Israeli soldier and held in him in the Gaza Strip it provoked a major Israeli incursion into N and central Gaza and renewed fighting. A political stalemate with PA President Mahmoud AbbasAbbas, Mahmoud In 2007 Hamas and Al Fatah agreed to form a national unity government, but continuing clashes led to Hamas's seizure of control in the Gaza Strip (June, 2007), which then led Abbas to install a new government without Hamas. Israel subjected the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip to a blockade. A new cycle of Hamas-Israeli fighting that began in Nov., 2008, led to another Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip in Jan., 2009. Human rights groups accused both Hamas and Israel of committing war crimes during the fighting. Attempts since 2007 to reestablish a PA government including both Hamas and Al Fatah proved unsuccessful until 2014 when an agreement led to the appointment of a technocratic unity government. Tensions between the two groups, however, continued, and the government collapsed in 2015. July, 2014, saw Israeli air strikes against Hamas and the Gaza Strip after three Israeli teenagers were murdered in the West Bank. Israel blamed Hamas for the killings; Hamas denied responsibility. Hamas rocket attacks against targets in Israel began a cycle of significant retaliatory attacks and led to an Israeli ground invasion; a cease-fire was agreed to in August. In 2017 negotiations led to a preliminary deal between Hamas and Al Fatah to return the Gaza Strip to PA control, but by the early 2018 progress toward completing the deal had stalled, and tensions between the two subsequently increased. In 2018 Hamas led mass marches (March–May) against the Israeli border in which more than 100 Gazans were killed and thousands wounded; it engaged in retaliatory attacks with Israeli forces in late May, and a new outbreak of attacks erupted in July. BibliographySee studies by Z. Chehab (2007), J. Gunning (2008), and P. McGeough (2009). hamamelisenUKham·a·me·lis(ham'ă-mē'lis),HamamelisHomeopathyA remedy that has been used for weakened venous circulation and varicose veins, as well as bloodshot eyes, depression, irritability, headaches, haemorrhoids and menstrual disorders. HamasHamasHAMAS
Hamas
Synonyms for Hamas
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