| 释义 |
information
in·for·ma·tion I0134200 (ĭn′fər-mā′shən)n.1. Knowledge or facts learned, especially about a certain subject or event. See Synonyms at knowledge.2. The act of informing or the condition of being informed; communication of knowledge: Safety instructions are provided for the information of our passengers.3. Computers Processed, stored, or transmitted data.4. A numerical measure of the uncertainty of an experimental outcome.5. Law A formal accusation of a crime made by a public officer rather than by grand jury indictment in instances in which the offense, if a federal crime, is not a felony or in which the offense, if a state crime, is allowed prosecution in that manner rather than by indictment.
in′for·ma′tion·al adj.information (ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən) n1. knowledge acquired through experience or study2. knowledge of specific and timely events or situations; news3. the act of informing or the condition of being informed4. a. an office, agency, etc, providing informationb. (as modifier): information service. 5. (Law) a. a charge or complaint made before justices of the peace, usually on oath, to institute summary criminal proceedingsb. a complaint filed on behalf of the Crown, usually by the attorney general6. (Computer Science) computing a. the meaning given to data by the way in which it is interpretedb. another word for data27. too much information informal I don't want to hear any more ˌinforˈmational adjin•for•ma•tion (ˌɪn fərˈmeɪ ʃən)
n. 1. knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance. 2. knowledge gained through study, communication, research, etc.; data. 3. the act or fact of informing. 4. a service or employee whose function is to provide information to the public. 5. Law. a. a formal criminal charge brought by a prosecuting officer rather than through the indictment of a grand jury. b. the document containing the depositions of witnesses against one accused of a crime. 6. (in information theory) an indication of the number of possible choices of messages, expressible as the value of some monotonic function of the number of choices. 7. computer data at any stage of processing, as input, output, storage, or transmission. [1350–1400] in`for•ma′tion•al, adj. information1. Facts, data, or instructions in any medium or form.
2. The meaning that a human assigns to data by means of the known conventions used in their representation.Information get a line on To obtain knowledge about; to receive news of. In this expression, line often means an anticipated tidbit of information: If you want to get a line on how she feels, she gave me a letter to give you … Here it is. (P. G. Wodehouse, Luck of Botkins, 1935) The phrase is occasionally used by policemen or journalists to indicate a hot tip or lead obtained clandestinely. get wind of To acquire advance information about something hitherto unknown; to get a hint of something about to happen. This expression is derived from the olfactory ability of animals to detect the airborne scent of other animals. The phrase often refers to the attainment of foreknowledge which warrants special action. They retreated again, when they got wind that troops were assembling. (Princess Alice, Memoirs, 1866) low-down The inside scoop; the bare facts. This common American colloquialism implies that the unadorned facts lie at the bottom of a situation. One of the minions will … give me the official low-down on Fisher. Possible police record, etc. (M. Mackintosh, King and Two Queens, 1973) scuttlebutt Gossip, hearsay; a vague, unconfirmed rumor; also, water-cooler talk. This expression originated in the United States Navy, where the scuttlebutt ‘water pail, drinking fountain’ was the scene of much idle chitchat. The expression was carried over to civilian life, where it describes office rumors, many of which are created around the water-cooler. And worry about a slump, according to business scuttlebutt, is making some unions concentrate on share-the-job plans. (S. Dawson, AP wire story, March, 1953) stable push The inside scoop; information from reliable or important people. This expression originated and is still virtually confined to the horse-racing world, where it refers to hot tips from knowledgeable people concerning a horse’s prospects for victory. straw vote An opinion poll; an unofficial vote taken to ascertain the relative strength of political candidates or the general trend of opinion on a given issue. In the 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, informal polls were taken by handing out a piece of straw to each of the voters who would break the straw to signify a “nay” vote, or leave it intact to signify approval. Straw votes, which have recently been taken in the New York State campaign, indicate that Mr. Hearst will be badly beaten. {Daily Chronicle, October 24, 1906) A somewhat cynical evaluation of the validity of a straw vote was once offered by O. Henry in Rolling Stones (1913): A straw vote only shows which way the hot air blows. white paper A government bulletin which establishes the official position on a specific topic. This term is derived from the white binding of such publications. The expression is commonly used in the United States and Great Britain for the vast number of government reports released to the public. information news">news1. 'information'Information is facts that you learn or discover. You can get more information about our products on our website.Be Careful!
Information is an uncountable noun. Don't say 'an information or 'informations'. You can say a piece of information. I found out an interesting piece of information.You give people information. She gave me some useful information.Be Careful!
Use give, not 'tell'. Don't say 'She told me some useful information.' You refer to information about something or on something. We don't have any information about him.I'm looking for information on the history of the town.2. 'news'Don't use 'information' to refer to descriptions of recent events in newspapers or on television or radio. Use news. Our town was in the news when it was visited by the Pope.The story was on the news this evening.See newsThesaurus| Noun | 1. |  information - a message received and understood infoammunition - information that can be used to attack or defend a claim or argument or viewpoint; "his admission provided ammunition for his critics"factoid - something resembling a fact; unverified (often invented) information that is given credibility because it appeared in printsubject matter, content, message, substance - what a communication that is about something is aboutmisinformation - information that is incorrectmaterial - information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form; "the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography"details, inside information - true confidential information; "after the trial he gave us the real details"fact - a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"data format, data formatting, format, formatting - the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)gen - informal term for information; "give me the gen on your new line of computers"database - an organized body of related informationnews, tidings, word, intelligence - information about recent and important events; "they awaited news of the outcome"news - informal information of any kind that is not previously known to someone; "it was news to me"nuts and bolts - detailed practical information about how something works or how something can be accomplishedintelligence information, intelligence - secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy); "we sent out planes to gather intelligence on their radar coverage"confirmation - information that confirms or verifiesinsider information - important information about the plans or condition of a corporation that has not been released to the public; use for personal profit is illegalarcanum, secret - information known only to a special group; "the secret of Cajun cooking"secret - something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on); "the combination to the safe was a secret"; "he tried to keep his drinking a secret"propaganda - information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some causecourse of study, curriculum, syllabus, programme, program - an integrated course of academic studies; "he was admitted to a new program at the university"news - information reported in a newspaper or news magazine; "the news of my death was greatly exaggerated"evidence - (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disprovedreadout, read-out - the information displayed or recorded on an electronic devicetabular matter, tabulation - information set out in tabular formskinny - confidential information about a topic or person; "he wanted the inside skinny on the new partner"stuff - information in some unspecified form; "it was stuff I had heard before"; "there's good stuff in that book"report card, report - a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment; "his father signed his report card" | | 2. | information - knowledge acquired through study or experience or instructioncognition, knowledge, noesis - the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoningdata point, datum - an item of factual information derived from measurement or researchacquaintance, conversance, conversancy, familiarity - personal knowledge or information about someone or somethingfact - a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"example, instance, illustration, representative - an item of information that is typical of a class or group; "this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome"; "there is an example on page 10"consideration, circumstance, condition - information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; "another consideration is the time it would take"background knowledge, background - information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem; "the embassy filled him in on the background of the incident"descriptor - a piece of stored information that is used to identify an item in an information storage and retrieval systemevidence, grounds - your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling"predictor - information that supports a probabilistic estimate of future events; "the weekly bulletin contains several predictors of mutual fund performance"tip-off - inside information that something is going to happenstimulant, stimulus, stimulation, input - any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action | | 3. | information - formal accusation of a crimeaccusal, accusation - a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt | | 4. |  information - a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; "statistical data"dataaggregation, collection, accumulation, assemblage - several things grouped together or considered as a wholeaccounting data - all the data (ledgers and journals and spreadsheets) that support a financial statement; can be hard copy or machine readablemetadata - data about data; "a library catalog is metadata because it describes publications"raw data - unanalyzed data; data not yet subjected to analysis | | 5. | information - (communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome; "the signal contained thousands of bits of information"entropy, selective informationcommunication theory, communications - the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.); "communications is his major field of study"information measure - a system of measurement of information based on the probabilities of the events that convey information |
informationnoun facts, details, material, news, latest (informal), report, word, message, notice, advice, knowledge, data, intelligence, instruction, counsel, the score (informal), gen (Brit. informal), dope (informal), info (informal), inside story, blurb, lowdown (informal), tidings, drum (Austral. informal) They refused to give us any information about her.informationnoun1. That which is known; the sum of what has been perceived, discovered, or inferred:knowledge, lore, wisdom.2. That which is known about a specific subject or situation:data, fact (used in plural), intelligence, knowledge, lore.Translationsinform (inˈfoːm) verb1. to tell; to give knowledge to. Please inform me of your intentions in this matter; I was informed that you were absent from the office. 告知 告诉2. (with against or on) to tell facts to eg the police about (a criminal etc). He informed against his fellow thieves. 告發 告发inˈformant noun someone who tells or informs. He passed on the news to us, but would not say who his informant had been. 線民，告密者 提供消息的人，密告者 ˌinforˈmation noun facts told or knowledge gained or given. Can you give me any information about this writer?; the latest information on the progress of the war; He is full of interesting bits of information. 訊息，資訊 信息，情报，资料 inˈformative (-mətiv) adjective giving useful information. an informative book. 提供訊息的 提供信息的inˈformer noun a person who informs against a criminal etc. 線民者 告密者ˌinformation ˌsuperˈhighway noun a fast computer channel through which information, pictures etc are sent from one computer to another. 資訊高速公路 信息高速公路inforˈmation techˌnology noun the study and use of electronic systems and computers for storing, analysing and utilizing information. 資訊科技 信息技术information does not have a plural: some information ; any information .- Here is my insurance information (US)
Here are my insurance details (UK) → 这是我的保险资料 - I'd like some information about ... → 我想要一些关于...的资料
- Give me your insurance information, please (US)
Give me your insurance details, please (UK) → 请告诉我您的保险详情 - Here's my insurance information (US)
Here are my insurance details (UK) → 这是我的保险资料 - Here's some information about my company → 这是关于我的公司的一些信息
- I'd like some information about the company (US)
I would like some information about the company (UK) → 我想要一点关于公司的信息 - Practical information → 实用信息
information
nugget of informationA particular or singular thing that someone has written or said which is especially informative, interesting, useful, etc. Can also be used sarcastically to imply that what is said is banal, useless, or uninformative. Amidst the rather rambling speech delivered by the prime minister, there was one little nugget of information that voters would do well to keep in mind. This book is a fascinating read, and it's filled with nuggets of information about the war. Thanks for that nugget of information, Jeff. I'm sure sunbathing tips will really come in handy in Iceland!See also: information, nugget, ofworm informationTo get someone (sometimes with a touch of trickery) to reveal details that likely would not have been volunteered. Usually followed by "out of," as in "worm information out of." Bill was keeping quiet about his break-up, but I knew I could worm information out of him if I tried hard enough. Kira worms information about upcoming tests out of her teachers by complimenting them and straightening up their classrooms.See also: information, wormmine of informationSomeone or something that contains a lot of knowledge about a particular topic. You should ask Amanda for advice about your cake recipe—she's a mine of information about baking.See also: information, mine, oftoo much informationWhat was said is the type of information that should be kept private. Typically used to indicate something that may make the reader or listener uncomfortable. A: "Your father and I used to do a lot of necking in that spot when we were first dating." B: "Geez, Mom, too much information!" Then he started telling me about his toenail fungus. Talk about too much information!See also: information, muchfor your informationSo you know or are aware of something. The phrase is often said with irritation and is commonly abbreviated as "FYI." For your information, I was here at 7 AM, I just didn't see you.See also: informationinformation, pleaseA phrase used in the now-outdated method of requesting the information operator's assistance over the phone, as when seeking a particular phone number. Information, please. Yes, hi, I need the phone number for Dr. Karen Brown in Bridgeport.See also: pleasegold mine of informationSomething that yields a lot of valuable or useful information. I've never met any of these relatives before, so your photo albums will be a gold mine of information.See also: gold, information, mine, ofinside informationInformation that is not widely known or shared; privileged information. They've hired me as a consultant, but so far they aren't giving me the inside information on what the project will actually be. It's all very cloaks and daggers.See also: information, insidefor your informationa phrase that introduces or follows a piece of information. (Can be spoken with considerable impatience.) Mary: What is this one? Sue: For your information, it is exactly the same as the one you just asked about. Bob: How long do I have to wait here? Bill: For your information, we will be here until the bus driver feels that it is safe to travel.See also: information(a) gold mine of informationFig. someone or something that is full of information. Grandfather is a gold mine of information about World War I. The new encyclopedia is a positive gold mine of useful information.See also: gold, information, mine, ofHeads up!Raise your head and look around you carefully for information or something that you need to see or avoid. Heads up! Watch out for that door! Heads up! There is a car coming.See also: Headinside informationinformation known only by those most involved with the issue; secret information relating to an organization. I have some inside information about the Smith Company.See also: information, insidemine of informationFig. someone or something that is full of information. Grandfather is a mine of information about World War II. The new search engine is a positive mine of useful information.See also: information, mine, ofinformationsee under gold mine. for your inforˈmation
1 (abbr. FYI) written on documents that are sent to somebody who needs to know the information in them but does not need to deal with them
2 (informal) used to tell somebody that they are wrong about something: For your information, I don’t even have a car.See also: informationa mine of inforˈmation (about/on somebody/something) a person, book, etc. that can give you a lot of information on a particular subject: My grandmother was a mine of information on the family’s history. ♢ People criticize television, but for children it’s a mine of information.See also: information, mine, ofHeads up! exclam. Look out! Heads up! Watch out for the swinging bucket! See also: Headmine of information, aA good source of data. The term is sometimes used ironically: Our family privately used to describe a particular history teacher as a gold mine of misinformation (based on our children’s quotations of her dicta). The word mine has been used figuratively to mean an abundant supply since the sixteenth century. The OED quotes a 1905 issue of Athenaeum: “Her book is a mine of valuable information.”See also: mine, ofInformation, pleaseDuring the Dark Ages before computerized directory assistance, callers who didn't know a phone number dialed the operator and asked to be connected to “information.” The information operator would then supply the number, and at no charge. “Information” with “please” added in a more polite era, was adopted as the title of a very popular radio quiz show in which a panel of experts tried to answer questions submitted by listeners. The phrase then became widely used as a preamble to any sort of question. The radio program was satirized by another quiz show whose title “It Pays to Be Ignorant” also became a brief fad in everyday speech.See also: pleaseinformation
information, in law: see indictmentindictment
, in criminal law, formal written accusation naming specific persons and crimes. Persons suspected of crime may be rendered liable to trial by indictment, by presentment, or by information.
..... Click the link for more information. .information any unit of data or knowledge. The character and extent of the recorded information available to a society is a major differentiating feature between types of society. For example, in its possession of written records a literate culture possesses a decisive adaptive advantage compared with a nonliterate culture. This is seen, for example, in the rise to supremacy of the STATE, which was associated from the outset with the development of record-keeping and WRITING. The capacity possessed by modern societies to marshal and store information has grown massively in recent times as the result of major technological innovations such as printing, audio and video recorders, and especially computers. The centrality of knowledge and information in today's modern technological and highly administered societies has led some commentators to coin the term ‘information society’ to describe these societies (see POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY). A further aspect of the increased capacity of modern societies to collect and store information is greatly increased power of the state in the monitoring and SURVEILLANCE of its citizens.Information originally, a message transmitted from certain persons to other persons by verbal, written, or any other means (for example, with the help of conventional signals or with the use of technological means), as well as the processes themselves of transmission or reception of the message. Information has always played a very important part in human life. However, in the mid-20th century the role of information increased immeasurably as a result of social progress and the vigorous development of science and technology. In addition, a rapid expansion of a mass of diversified information is occurring, which has received the name “information explosion.” As a result, the need has arisen for a scientific approach to information and for the elucidation of its most characteristic properties, which has led to two principal changes in interpretation of the concept of information. First, it was broadened to include information exchange not only between man and man but also between man and machine and between machine and machine, as well as the exchange of signals in the animal and plant worlds. The transmission of characteristic traits from cell to cell and from organism to organism also began to be regarded as the transmission of information. Second, a quantitative measure of information was proposed (the works of C. Shannon and A. N. Kolmogorov), which led to the creation of information theory. A more general approach to the concept of information than was formerly used, as well as the appearance of a precise quantitative measure of information, aroused great interest in the study of information. Since the 1950’s attempts have been undertaken to use the concept of information (which does not as yet have a unique definition) to clarify and describe extremely diverse phenomena and processes. The investigation of problems connected with the scientific concept of information has proceeded in three principal directions. The first of these consists of the development of a mathematical apparatus reflecting the fundamental properties of information. The second direction consists of the theoretical development of various aspects of information on the basis of already existing mathematical methods and the investigation of various properties of information. For example, from the moment when information theory was created, the complex problem arose of the measurement of the value of information with respect to its use. In most work on information theory this property is not taken into consideration; however, its importance cannot be doubted. In the quantitative theory advanced in 1960 by A. A. Khar-kevich, the value of information is defined as the increase in the probability of achieving a given goal as the result of using a given piece of information. Closely related studies, such as those of R. Carnap, attempt to give a strict mathematical definition of the quantity of semantic information. The third method is connected with the use of information methods in linguistics, biology, psychology, sociology, education, and other fields. In linguistics, for example, measurements of the informational capacity of languages have been realized. After the statistical processing of a large number of texts, performed with the help of computers, as well as comparison of the lengths of translations of a text into various languages and numerous experiments on the guessing of letters in a text, it has been ascertained that, with a uniform load of spoken units of information, texts could be shortened by a factor of four or five. Thus, from this viewpoint, the redundancy of natural languages has been established, as well as a rather precise measure of its magnitude, which is practically the same in all natural languages. In neurophysiology, information methods have helped researchers to understand better the mechanism of the fundamental law of psychophysics—the Weber-Fechner law, which asserts that sensation is proportional to the logarithm of excitation. Precisely such a relation must exist if the nerve paths transporting signals from the receptors to the brain are to have properties inherent in the idealized communication channel figuring in information theory. The information approach has played an important role in genetics and molecular biology, and has permitted, in particular, the role of the RNA molecule as a carrier of information to be more deeply understood. Research is also being carried out on the use of information methods in studies of the arts. Such a diversified use of the concept of information has stimulated certain scholars to impart a general scientific signifcance to it. The founders of such a general approach were the English neurophysiologist W. R. Ashby and the French physicist L. Brillouin. They investigated questions of the common quality of the concept of entropy in information theory and in thermodynamics, treating information as negative entropy (negentropy). Brillouin and his followers began to study information processes from the viewpoint of the second law of thermodynamics, regarding the transmission of information in a certain system as an improvement in the system that leads to a decrease in its entropy. In several philosophical works the thesis has been advanced that information is one of the fundamental universal properties of matter. The positive side to this approach is that it relates the concept of information to the concept of reflection. REFERENCESAshby, W. R. Vvendenie v kibernetiku. Moscow, 1959. (Translated from English.)
Kharkevich, A. A. “O tsennosti informatsii.” In the collection Problemy kibernetiki, issue 4. Moscow, 1960.
Shannon, C. E. Raboty po teorii informatsii i kibernetike. Moscow, 1963. (Translated from English.)
Kolmogorov, A. N. “Tri podkhoda k opredeleniiu poniatiia ‘kolichestvo informatsii.’” Problemy peredachi informatsii, 1965, vol. 1, issue 1.
Brillouin, L. Nauchnaia neopredelennost’ i informatsiia. Moscow, 1966. (Translated from English.)
Ursul, A. D. Informatsiia. Moscow, 1971.V. N. TROSTNTKOV information[‚in·fər′mā·shən] (communications) Data which has been recorded, classified, organized, related, or interpreted within a framework so that meaning emerges. information1. Lawa. a charge or complaint made before justices of the peace, usually on oath, to institute summary criminal proceedings b. a complaint filed on behalf of the Crown, usually by the attorney general 2. Computinga. the meaning given to data by the way in which it is interpreted b. another word for datainformation (data)The result of applying data processing to data,giving it context and meaning. Information can then befurther processed to yeild knowledge.
People or computers can find patterns in data to perceiveinformation, and information can be used to enhanceknowledge. Since knowledge is prerequisite to wisdom, wealways want more data and information. But, as modernsocieties verge on information overload, we especially needbetter ways to find patterns.
1234567.89 is data.
"Your bank balance has jumped 8087% to $1234567.89" isinformation.
"Nobody owes me that much money" is knowledge.
"I'd better talk to the bank before I spend it, because ofwhat has happened to other people" is wisdom.informationInformation is the summarization of data. Technically, data are raw facts and figures that are processed into information, such as summaries and totals. But since information can also be the raw data for the next job or person, the two terms cannot be precisely defined, and both are used interchangeably.
It may be helpful to view information the way it is structured and used, namely: data, text, spreadsheets, pictures, voice and video. Data are discretely defined fields. Text is a collection of words. Spreadsheets are data in matrix (row and column) form. Pictures are lists of vectors or frames of bits. Voice is a continuous stream of sound waves. Video is a sequence of image frames. See universal server.
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| When information is stored electronically, it is structured according to the way it is used. Databases support all kinds of information. |
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| This excerpt from an R&R Report Writer ad exemplifies the idea that information is more usable for the manager than raw data. (Image courtesy of Concentric Data Systems, a subsidiary of Wall Data, Inc.) |
information
in·for·ma·tion (in'fŏr-mā'shun) Knowledge; a collection of facts or data. [L. informo, to shape or fashion]information (in″fŏr-mā′shŏn) [L. informatio, idea, conception] 1. Data that are interpreted, organized, structured, and given meaning.2. A message from a sender to one or more receivers.information
InformationThe formal accusation of a criminal offense made by a public official; the sworn, written accusation of a crime. An information is tantamount to an indictment in that it is a sworn written statement which charges that a particular individual has done some criminal act or is guilty of some criminal omission. The distinguishing characteristic between an information and an indictment is that an indictment is presented by a Grand Jury, whereas an information is presented by a duly authorized public official. The purpose of an information is to inform the accused of the charge against him, so that the accused will have an opportunity to prepare a defense. informationn. an accusation or criminal charge brought by the public prosecutor (District Attorney) without a grand jury indictment. This "information" must state the alleged crimes in writing and must be delivered to the defendant at the first court appearance (arraignment). If the accusation is for a felony, there must be a preliminary hearing within a short period (such as five days) in which the prosecution is required to present enough evidence to convince the judge holding the hearing that the crime or crimes charged were committed and the defendant is likely to have committed them. If the judge becomes convinced, the defendant must face trial, and if the judge does not, the case against the defendant is dismissed. Sometimes it is a mixed bag, in that some of the charges in the information are sufficient for trial and the case is sent (remanded) to the appropriate court, and some are dismissed. (See: grand jury, indictment, charge, preliminary hearing, accusation, felony) information in English criminal procedure, the statement informing a magistrate of the offence in respect of which a warrant or summons is sought.INFORMATION. An accusation or complaint made in writing to a court of competent jurisdiction, charging some person with a specific violation of some public law. It differs in nothing from an indictment in its form and substance, except that it is filed at the discretion of the proper law officer of the government, ex officio, without the intervention or approval of a grand jury. 4 Bl. Com. 308, 9.
2. In the French law, the term information is used to signify the act or instrument which contains the depositions of witnesses against the accused. Poth. Proc. Cr. sect. 2, art. 5.
3. Informations have for their object either to punish a crime or misdemeanor, and these have,.perhaps, never been resorted to in the United States or to recover penalties or forfeitures, which are quite common. For the form and requisites of an information for a penalty, see 2 Chit. Pr. 155 to 171. Vide Blake's Ch. 49; 14 Vin. Ab. 407; 3 Story, Constitution, Sec. 1780 3 Bl. Com. 261.
4. In summary proceedings before justices of the peace, the complaint or accusation, at least when the proceedings relate to a penalty, is called an information, and it is then taken down in writing and sworn to. As the object is to limit the informer to a certain charge, in order that the defendant may know what he has to defend, and the justice may limit the evidence and his subsequent adjudication to the allegations in the information, it follows that the substance of the particular complaint must be stated and it must be sufficiently formal to contain all material averments. 8 T. R. 286; 5 Barn. & Cres. 251; 11 E. C. L. R. 217; 2 Chit. Pr. 156. See 1 Wheat. R. 9. information
information knowledge possessed by persons and firms about products, customers, suppliers, prices, delivery terms, etc. Information has an economic value when it is scarce and is not available to all potential parties to a TRANSACTION or CONTRACT. Firms spend large amounts of money on product and process research and development and on market research and other forms of data-gathering in order to try to gain information to reduce UNCERTAINTY. However, firms need to balance the costs of gathering information against the value of additional information to them. See MARKETING RESEARCH, DATA PROCESSING, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. information knowledge possessed by persons and firms about products, customers, suppliers, prices, delivery terms, etc. Information has an economic value when it is scarce and is not available to all potential parties to a TRANSACTION. For example, if information is not widely available to all parties to a CONTRACT, then one party to the contract can use his or her superior knowledge to his or her advantage at the expense of other parties to the contract (see ASYMMETRY OF INFORMATION, ADVERSE SELECTION). Firms spend large amounts of money on product and process research and development and on market research and other forms of data-gathering in order to try to gain information to reduce UNCERTAINTY. However, firms need to balance the costs of gathering information against the value of additional information to them. AcronymsSee2Iinformation
Synonyms for informationnoun factsSynonyms- facts
- details
- material
- news
- latest
- report
- word
- message
- notice
- advice
- knowledge
- data
- intelligence
- instruction
- counsel
- the score
- gen
- dope
- info
- inside story
- blurb
- lowdown
- tidings
- drum
Synonyms for informationnoun that which is known; the sum of what has been perceived, discovered, or inferredSynonymsnoun that which is known about a specific subject or situationSynonyms- data
- fact
- intelligence
- knowledge
- lore
Synonyms for informationnoun a message received and understoodSynonymsRelated Words- ammunition
- factoid
- subject matter
- content
- message
- substance
- misinformation
- material
- details
- inside information
- fact
- data format
- data formatting
- format
- formatting
- gen
- database
- news
- tidings
- word
- intelligence
- nuts and bolts
- intelligence information
- confirmation
- insider information
- arcanum
- secret
- propaganda
- course of study
- curriculum
- syllabus
- programme
- program
- evidence
- readout
- read-out
- tabular matter
- tabulation
- skinny
- stuff
- report card
- report
noun knowledge acquired through study or experience or instructionRelated Words- cognition
- knowledge
- noesis
- data point
- datum
- acquaintance
- conversance
- conversancy
- familiarity
- fact
- example
- instance
- illustration
- representative
- consideration
- circumstance
- condition
- background knowledge
- background
- descriptor
- evidence
- grounds
- predictor
- tip-off
- stimulant
- stimulus
- stimulation
- input
noun formal accusation of a crimeRelated Wordsnoun a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawnSynonymsRelated Words- aggregation
- collection
- accumulation
- assemblage
- accounting data
- metadata
- raw data
noun (communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcomeSynonyms- entropy
- selective information
Related Words- communication theory
- communications
- information measure
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