| 释义 |
insanity
in·san·i·ty I0159300 (ĭn-săn′ĭ-tē)n. pl. in·san·i·ties 1. Severe mental illness or derangement. Not used in psychiatric diagnosis.2. Law a. Unsoundness of mind sufficient to render a person unfit to maintain a contractual or other legal relationship or sufficient to warrant commitment to a mental health facility.b. Incapacity to form the criminal intent necessary for legal responsibility, as when a mental disorder prevents a person from knowing the difference between right and wrong.c. Incapacity because of a mental disorder to participate adequately as a defendant in criminal proceedings or to understand the imposition of a criminal punishment, particularly the death penalty.3. a. Extreme foolishness or irrationality: "The insanity of sending troops into Russia when European peace looked imminent horrified him" (Mary V. Dearborn).b. Something that is extremely foolish, distinctly irrational, or wildly excited: "twisted forms of musical insanity" (Christopher J. Kelter).insanity (ɪnˈsænɪtɪ) n, pl -ties1. (Psychology) relatively permanent disorder of the mind; state or condition of being insane2. (Law) law a defect of reason as a result of mental illness, such that a defendant does not know what he or she is doing or that it is wrong3. utter folly; stupidityin•san•i•ty (ɪnˈsæn ɪ ti)
n., pl. -ties. 1. (not in technical use) the condition of being insane; mental illness or disorder. 2. Law. such unsoundness of mind as affects legal responsibility or capacity. 3. extreme folly; senselessness; foolhardiness. [1580–90; < Latin] insane, insanity - Latin sanus, "healthy," is part of insane and insanity.See also related terms for healthy.InsanitySee also disease and illness; manias; phobias; psychology.
abalienationObsolete, insanity.acromaniaa violent form of mania; incurable insanity.amentia1. a congenital condition of low intelligence.
2. a form of temporary insanity. Cf. dementia.amentyObsolete, amentia.bedlamismbehavior characteristic of insanity. See also order and disorder.bedlamitea mental patient.catatoniaone of various forms of schizophrenia characterized by stupor, sometimes alternating with excited behavior and mechanical, repetitive behavior, accompanied by muscular rigidity. — catatonic, n., adj.deliriuma state of maniacal excitement characterized by restless behavior, confused speech, and sometimes hallucinations.dementiamadness or insanity. Cf. amentia.dementia praecoxschizophrenia.demonianism1. Obsolete, the doctrine of demoniac possession.
2. Archaic. demonomania. — demonian, n., adj.demonomaniaMedicine. a monomania in which a person believes he is possessed of devils. Also called demonopathy.diabolepsyMedicine, Obsolete, a state in which a person believes he is possessed by a devil or has been endowed with supernatural powers.hallucinosisa disordered mental condition in which the sufferer is prone to hallucinations.hebephreniaa form of insanity or dementia praecox that can appear at puberty, characterized by foolish behavior and deterioration of the mental faculties.hypermaniaan acute mania.lunacy1. periodic insanity, once thought to be caused by the phases of the moon.
2. any form of insanity. — lunatic, adj.lypemaniaan abnormal tendency toward deep melancholy.lyssophobiaan abnormal fear of becoming insane.maniaphobiaan abnormal fear of madness.megalomania1. Medicine. a form of mental illness characterized by the unreasonable conviction in the patient of his own greatness, goodness, power, or wealth.
2. an obsession with extravagant or grand actions. — megalomaniac, n., adj. — megalomaniacal, adj.melancholiaa condition of abnormal gloom or depression, often of an intensity to become a form of insanity. — melancholiac, n., adj. — melancholie, n., adj.melancholianObsolete, a person suffering from melancholia; a melancholiac.narcosynthesisa form of treatment for mental illness that involves placing the patient under the influence of a narcotic.orthosisthe process of correcting bodily or mental distortion.paranoiaa mental disorder characterized by behavior that stems from an elaborately constructed system of delusions of persecution and grandeur. — paranoiac, n. — paranoid, adj.paranoidisma state resembling paranoia.pathomaniamoral insanity.psychosisany severe mental disorder or disease. — psychotic, n., adj.schizophreniaa psychotic condition marked by erratic behavior, withdrawal from reality, and intellectual and emotional deterioration. Also called dementia praecox. — schizophrenic, n., adj.schizothymiaa mild form of schizophrenia, characterized by withdrawal, inversion, etc. — schizothyme, n. — schizothymic, adj.submaniaa mild mania.zoanthropya form of insanity or mental disorder in which the sufferer imagines that he is an animal. — zoanthropic, adj.zoopsiaa form of hallucination in which the sufferer imagines he sees animals. Also called zooscopy.zooscopyzoopsia.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  insanity - relatively permanent disorder of the mindmental disease, mental illness, psychopathy - any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric interventioninsaneness, lunacy, madness - obsolete terms for legal insanitydementedness, dementia - mental deterioration of organic or functional originirrationality, unreason - the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understandingderangement, mental unsoundness, unbalance - a state of mental disturbance and disorientationcraziness, daftness, flakiness - informal terms for insanitysaneness, sanity - normal or sound powers of mind |
insanitynoun1. madness, mental illness, dementia, aberration, mental disorder, delirium, craziness, mental derangement a powerful study of a woman's descent into insanity
madness sanity, reason, sense, rationality, normality, lucidity2. stupidity, folly, lunacy, irresponsibility, senselessness, preposterousness the final financial insanity of the decade
stupidity sense, wisdom, logic, soundnessRelated words
fear lyssophobia, maniaphobiainsanitynoun1. Serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person's capacity to function normally and safely:brainsickness, craziness, dementia, derangement, disturbance, insaneness, lunacy, madness, mental illness, psychopathy, unbalance.Psychiatry: mania.Psychology: aberration, alienation.2. Foolish behavior:absurdity, folly, foolery, foolishness, idiocy, imbecility, lunacy, madness, nonsense, preposterousness, senselessness, silliness, tomfoolery, zaniness.Informal: craziness.Translationsinsane (inˈsein) adjective1. mad; mentally ill. 精神錯亂的，發瘋的 精神错乱的2. extremely foolish. It was insane to think he would give you the money. 極其愚蠢的 极具愚蠢的inˈsanity (-ˈsӕ-) noun 精神錯亂 精神错乱insanity
insanity, mental disorder of such severity as to render its victim incapable of managing his affairs or of conforming to social standards. Today, the term insanity is used chiefly in criminal law, to denote mental aberrations or defects that may relieve a person from the legal consequences of his or her acts. The case of Daniel McNaughtan, who was found not guilty by reason of insanity after making an assassination attempt on British prime minister Robert Peel (1834), gave rise to the modern insanity defense used in many Western nations today. In the United States, the 1954 case of Durham v. the United States led to the establishment of new rules for testing defendants. Today, psychologists may perform tests to determine whether or not the defendant is mentally stable. Such tests try to ascertain whether or not a defendant can distinguish right from wrong, and whether or not he acted on an "irresistible impulse." John Hinckley's assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan (1981) became another landmark in the history of the insanity defense. The court's initial verdict of "not guilty by reason of insanity" generated public outcry and renewed interest in the verdict of "guilty but mentally ill," which is permissible in some states. This verdict allows defendants deemed mentally ill to be hospitalized but requires them to carry out a reasonable prison sentence as well. In 1983, the Supreme Court ruled it permissable to keep a mentally ill defendant hospitalized for a term longer than the maximum sentence for the crime with which the defendant was charged. Many have contended that the insanity defense is nothing more than a legal loophole, allowing serious criminals to escape imprisonment. In fact, the plea is rarely employed in the United States, and it is estimated that less than 1% of defendants have used it successfully. Recent years have seen the restrictions surrounding insanity defense considerably narrowed, with the sole criteria for a successful plea being the determination of whether or not the defendant knew he was breaking the law. Bibliography See R. Simon and D. Aaronson, The Insanity Defense (1988); R. Porter, A Social History of Madness: The World Through the Eyes of the Insane (1989). insanity[in′san·əd·ē] (psychology) Any mental disorder. In forensic psychiatry, a mental disorder which prevents one from managing one's affairs, impairs one's ability to distinguish right from wrong, or renders one harmful to oneself or others. (psychology) Term previously used to indicate mental disorder; no longer used in medical contexts. insanity1. relatively permanent disorder of the mind; state or condition of being insane 2. Law a defect of reason as a result of mental illness, such that a defendant does not know what he or she is doing or that it is wrong insanity
insanity [in-san´ĭ-te] a medically obsolete term for mental derangement or disorder. Insanity is now a purely legal term, denoting a condition due to which a person lacks criminal responsibility for a crime and therefore cannot be convicted of it. adj., insane´.in·san·i·ty (in-san'i-tē), This is a legal term denoting mental incompetence and moral irresponsibility but having no specific medical meaning.1. An outmoded term referring to severe mental illness or psychosis. 2. In law, the degree of mental illness that negates the patient's legal responsibility or capacity. [L. in- neg. + sanus, sound] Forensics A legal and social term for a condition that renders the affected person unfit to enjoy liberty of action, because of the unreliability of his behaviour with concomitant danger to himself and others; insanity denotes, by extension, a degree of mental illness that negates legal responsibility for one’s actions
Psychiatry A vague obsolete term for psychosisinsanity Forensic medicine A legal and social term for a condition that renders the affected person unfit to enjoy liberty of action, because of the unreliability of his behavior with concomitant danger to himself and others; insanity denotes, by extension, a degree of mental illness that negates legal responsibility for one's actions. See Psychosis, Temporary insanity Psychiatry A vague obsolete term for psychosis. in·san·i·ty (in-san'i-tē) 1. A nonmedical term referring to severe mental illness or psychosis. 2. law That degree of mental illness that negates the person's legal responsibility or capacity. [L. in- neg. + sanus, sound]insanity A legal rather than a medical term, implying a disorder of the mind of such degree as to interfere with a person's ability to be legally responsible for his or her actions. The term is little used in medicine but might equate to PSYCHOSIS. A defence of insanity, in law, is governed by the McNaughten Rules. These state, in part, ‘The jurors ought to be told in all cases that every man is presumed to be sane and to possess a sufficient degree of reason to be responsible for his crimes, until the contrary be proved to their satisfaction: and that to establish a defence on the grounds of insanity, it must be clearly proved that, at the time of the committing of the act, the party accused was labouring under such a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing or, if he did know it, that he did not know he was doing what was wrong.’insanity
insanityn. 1) mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior. Insanity is distinguished from low intelligence or mental deficiency due to age or injury. If a complaint is made to law enforcement, to the district attorney, or to medical personnel that a person is evidencing psychotic behavior, he/she may be confined to a medical facility long enough (typically 72 hours) to be examined by psychiatrists who submit written reports to the local superior/county/district court. A hearing is then held before a judge, with the person in question entitled to legal representation, to determine if she/he should be placed in an institution or special facility. The person may request a trial to determine sanity. The original hearings are often routine with the psychiatric findings accepted by the judge. In criminal cases, a plea of "not guilty by reason of insanity," will require a trial on the issue of the defendant's insanity (or sanity) at the time the crime was committed. In these cases the defendant usually claims "temporary insanity" (crazy then, but okay now). The traditional test of insanity in criminal cases is whether the accused knew "the difference between right and wrong," following the "M'Naughten Rule" from 19th Century England. Most states require more sophisticated tests based on psychiatric and/or psychological testimony evaluated by a jury of laypersons or a judge without psychiatric training. 4) a claim by a criminal defendant of his insanity at the time of trial requires a separate hearing to determine if a defendant is sufficiently sane to understand the nature of a trial and participate in his/her own defense. If found to be insane, the defendant will be ordered to a mental facility, and the trial held only if sanity returns. 5) sex offenders may be found to be sane for all purposes except the compulsive dangerous and/or anti-social behavior. They are usually sentenced to special facilities for sex offenders, supposedly with counseling available. However, there are often maximum terms related to the type of crime, so that parole and release may occur with no proof of cure of the compulsive desire to commit sex crimes. (See: M'Naughten Rule, temporary insanity) insanity in the criminal law of England and Scotland, a plea in relation to the mental state of the accused. It maybe pled as a defence in its own right or submitted as a plea of insanity in bar of trial. In English law, every person is presumed sane unless the contrary is proved. The burden of proving insanity rests with the accused. The issue of fitness to plead will be decided by the judge not the jury. When the judge finds that the defendant is unfit to plead, the jury will decide whether the defendant did the act or made the omission. When insanity is pled as a defence, the criteria for determining whether or not the plea should be successful are the McNaghten rules. To establish such a defence the accused must show that at the time of committing the offence he was suffering from such a disease of the mind or defect of reason that he did not know the nature and quality of the act he was doing; or if he did know it that he did not know he was doing what was wrong. If the accused was aware that what he was doing was something he ought not to do and the act committed was at the time an offence, he is punishable. If the defence succeeds, the accused must be declared not guilty by reason ofinsanity. In Scotland, as a defence, the state of mind must have been in existence at the time of the act in question. If sane at the time of the trial and the defence is established, then the accused will not be convicted. The accused must prove his insanity on balance of probabilities. The test is the overpowering of reason by a mental defect, leaving the person unable to control his own conduct. The McNaghten rules do not apply in Scotland. Scots law recognizes an intermediate state between sanity and insanity, mitigating the crime of murder or attempted murder but not exculpating: the plea is called diminished responsibility (see HOMICIDE). If successful, it results in a conviction for culpable homicide for which there is no mandatory sentence such as life imprisonment or, as was formerly the case, death by hanging. Non-insane automatism is recognized in Scots law as an exculpating factor. INSANITY, med. jur. A continued impetuosity of thought, which, for the time being, totally unfits a man for judging and acting in relation to the matter in question, with the composure requisite for the maintenance of the social relations of life. Various other definitions of this state have been given, but perhaps the subject is not susceptible of any satisfactory definition, which shall, with, precision, include all cases of insanity, and exclude all others. Ray, Med. Jur. Sec. 24, p. 50.
2. It may be considered in a threefold point of view: 1. A chronic disease, manifested by deviations from the healthy and natural state of the mind, such deviations consisting in a morbid perversion of the feelings, affections and habits. 2. Disturbances of the intellectual faculties, under the influence of which the understanding becomes susceptible of hallucinations or erroneous. impressions of a particular kind. 3. A state of mental incoherence or constant hurry and confusion of thought. Cyclo. Practical Medicine, h. t.; Brewster's Encyclopaedia, h. t.; Observations on the Deranged Manifestations of the Mind, or Insanity, 71, 72; Merl. R‚pert. mots Demenoe, Folie, Imbecilite; 6 Watts & Serg. 451.
3. The diseases included under the name of insanity have been arranged under two divisions, founded on two very different conditions of the brain. Ray, Med. Jur. ch. 1, Sec. 33.
4.-1. The want of, or a defective development of the faculties. 1st. Idiocy, resulting from, 1. Congenital defect. 2. An obstacle to the development of the faculties, supervening in infancy. 2d. Imbecility, resulting from, 1. Congenital defects. 2. An obstacle to the development of the faculties, supervening in infancy.
5.-2. The lesion of the faculties subsequent to their development. In this division may be classed, 1st. Mania, which is, 1. Intellectual, and is general or partial. 2. Affective and is general or, partial. 2d. Dementia, which is, 1. Consecutive to mania, or injuries of the brain. 2. Senile, or peculiar to old age.
6.-There is also a disease which has acquired the name of Moral insanity. (q. v.)
7. Insanity is an excuse for the commission of acts which in others would be crimes, because the insane man has no intention; it deprives a man also from entering into any valid contract. Vide Lunacy; Non compos mentis, and Stock on the Law of Non Compotes Mentis; 1 Hagg. Cons. R. 417; 3 Addams, R. 90, 91, 180, 181; 3 Hagg. Eccl. R. 545, 598, 600; 2 Greenl. Ev. Sec. 369, 374; Bouv. Inst. Index, h. t. insanity
Synonyms for insanitynoun madnessSynonyms- madness
- mental illness
- dementia
- aberration
- mental disorder
- delirium
- craziness
- mental derangement
Antonyms- sanity
- reason
- sense
- rationality
- normality
- lucidity
noun stupiditySynonyms- stupidity
- folly
- lunacy
- irresponsibility
- senselessness
- preposterousness
Antonyms- sense
- wisdom
- logic
- soundness
Synonyms for insanitynoun serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person's capacity to function normally and safelySynonyms- brainsickness
- craziness
- dementia
- derangement
- disturbance
- insaneness
- lunacy
- madness
- mental illness
- psychopathy
- unbalance
- mania
- aberration
- alienation
noun foolish behaviorSynonyms- absurdity
- folly
- foolery
- foolishness
- idiocy
- imbecility
- lunacy
- madness
- nonsense
- preposterousness
- senselessness
- silliness
- tomfoolery
- zaniness
- craziness
Antonyms for insanitynoun relatively permanent disorder of the mindRelated Words- mental disease
- mental illness
- psychopathy
- insaneness
- lunacy
- madness
- dementedness
- dementia
- irrationality
- unreason
- derangement
- mental unsoundness
- unbalance
- craziness
- daftness
- flakiness
Antonyms |