| 释义 |
jaundiced
jaun·diced J0021400 (jôn′dĭst, jän′-)adj.1. Affected with jaundice.2. Yellow or yellowish.3. Affected by or exhibiting envy, prejudice, or hostility.jaun•diced (ˈdʒɔn dɪst, ˈdʒɑn-)
adj. 1. affected with or colored by or as if by jaundice: jaundiced skin. 2. affected with or exhibiting prejudice or distorted judgment: a jaundiced viewpoint. [1630–40] Thesaurus| Adj. | 1. | jaundiced - affected by jaundice which causes yellowing of skin etcicteric, yellowunhealthy - not in or exhibiting good health in body or mind; "unhealthy ulcers" | | 2. | jaundiced - showing or affected by prejudice or envy or distaste; "looked with a jaundiced eye on the growth of regimentation"; "takes a jaundiced view of societies and clubs"discriminatory, prejudiced - being biased or having a belief or attitude formed beforehand; "a prejudiced judge" |
jaundicedadjective cynical, bitter, hostile, prejudiced, biased, suspicious, partial, jealous, distorted, sceptical, resentful, envious, bigoted, spiteful, preconceived The two writers share a jaundiced vision of a tawdry modern Britain.
trusting, optimistic, naive, open-minded, unbiased, credulous, ingenuousTranslationsdistortoinvidiosoittericojaundiced
a jaundiced eyeA biased view. I used to think that Chris was a good kid, but ever since I overhead him bragging about cheating on an exam, I've seen him with a jaundiced eye.See also: eye, jaundicedjaundiced eye, (look on) with aSeeing only the faults or bad side. This term is based on the old belief that to a person suffering from jaundice (a condition in which the skin and whites of the eyes turn yellow), everything looks yellow. John Webster put it into so many words in The White Devil (1.2): “They that have the yellow jaundice think all objects they look on to be yellow” (1612). The expression long survived the belief and was a cliché by 1800 or so.See also: jaundicedjaundiced
jaundiced (jôn′dĭst, jän′-)adj.1. Affected with jaundice.2. Yellow or yellowish.3. Affected by or exhibiting envy, prejudice, or hostility.jaundice (jon'dis) [Fr. jaunisse, fr. jaune, yellow]  JAUNDICE: Skin of the abdomenYellow staining of body tissues and fluids, due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Jaundice is not usually visible until the total bilirubin level rises above 3 mg/dl. It is a symptom of many illnesses, including those marked by any of the following: obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones, inflammatory masses, or tumors (such as cholecystitis, pancreatic carcinoma); slowing of the release of bile from hepatic portals (such as cholestasis); alteration of bile metabolism at the cellular level (such as in genetic diseases such as Gilbert's disease); release of bilirubin because of liver cell injury by toxins or viruses (such as acetaminophen overdose; hepatitis B virus infection); release of bile pigments as a result of the destruction or ineffective manufacturing of red blood cells (such as hemolysis; hereditary spherocytosis); or resorption of bile from hematomas within the body, esp. after trauma. See: illustrationjaundiced (jon'dist), adjective Synonym: icterusSymptomsDeposits of bilirubin in the skin often cause itching. Other symptoms of jaundice depend on whether the bilirubin is direct (conjugated [i.e., soluble in body fluids]) or indirect (unconjugated). Obstructive jaundice causes conjugated hyperbilirubinemia; in this disease, bile pigments dissolve in the urine, which turns bright green, and the stool appears gray or white owing to the deprivation of bile. DiagnosisTests to determine the cause of jaundice include a carefully performed history and physical exam, urinalysis (positive for bilirubin only in conjugated hyperbilirubinemia), liver function tests, blood tests for hepatitis, and abdominal ultrasonography. Invasive diagnostic testing with cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiography is performed when occult biliary obstruction is suspected. TreatmentThe precise cause of jaundice must be determined in each patient to provide suitable therapies. For example, patients with gallstones obstructing the cystic duct need surgical treatment, and newborns with severe jaundice may require treatment with ultraviolet light to prevent kernicterus, but jaundiced patients with acute hepatitis A usually heal with symptomatic rather than specific remedies. acholuric jaundiceJaundice without bile pigment in the urine. Most of the excess bilirubin is unconjugated. breast milk jaundice, breast-feeding jaundiceHyperbilirubinemia resulting from pregnanediol or free fatty acids that inhibit bilirubin conjugation. Serum bilirubin level usually peaks above 20 ml/dl by 14 to 21 days of age. Some pediatricians recommend stopping breast-feeding for 24 to 36 hr if the level exceeds 20 ml/dl. If the infant's bilirubin level drops rapidly, the mother may resume nursing. It typically lasts for the first week of life or until the mother produces adequate milk. cholestatic jaundiceJaundice produced by failure of bile to flow to the duodenum. It may be caused by intrahepatic bile duct obstruction (as in certain drug reactions), liver cell damage (as in viral hepatitis), or extrahepatic obstruction to the flow of bile (as in cholecystitis). congenital jaundiceJaundice occurring at or shortly after birth. familial nonhemolytic jaundiceGilbert syndrome.hematogenous jaundiceHemolytic jaundice.hemolytic jaundiceJaundice caused by the fragmentation of red blood cells and the release of unconjugated bilirubin in the bloodstream. This finding is associated with hemolytic anemia (HA). Because the bilirubin is not conjugated by the liver, it is not soluble in water and does not discolor the urine. Many conditions may be responsible, including congenital HA; sickle cell anemia; autoimmune HA (as in infectious mononucleosis or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections); microangiopathic HA (as in hemolytic uremic syndrome); or transfusion-associated HA. Synonym: hematogenous jaundice; hemolytic icterus; nonobstructive icterushemorrhagic jaundiceLeptospiral jaundice.hepatocellular jaundiceJaundice resulting from disease of liver cells, e.g., in acute hepatitis. Synonym: parenchymatous jaundiceinfectious jaundiceInfectious hepatitis.leptospiral jaundiceJaundice caused by leptospirosis. Synonym: hemorrhagic jaundiceneonatal jaundiceNonpathological jaundice affecting newborns, usually resulting from the destruction of red blood cells by the immature liver at birth. The destruction of red blood cells causes unconjugated bilirubin to accumulate in the blood and skin. Benign neonatal jaundice manifests 48 to 72 hr after birth, lasts only a few days, and typically does not require therapy. Patient careLevels of bilirubin less than 2 in the first week of life are common, occurring in about 80% of premature babies and half of all full-term babies. They are typically not hazardous to the developing infant. When jaundice develops in the first 24 hr of life, however, or when bilirubin levels exceed published guidelines, kernicterus (neurotoxicity caused by bilirubin) may develop. Infants with potentially damaging levels of bilirubin in the blood are treated with phototherapy (bili lights). Synonym: icterus neonatorum; jaundice of newborn; physiologic jaundicehemolytic disease of the newborn; isoimmunization; kernicterus; phototherapy; jaundice of newbornNeonatal jaundice.nonhemolytic jaundiceJaundice due to abnormal metabolism of bilirubin or to biliary tract obstruction, and not to excessive destruction of red blood cells.obstructive jaundiceJaundice caused by a mechanical impediment to the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum. Gallstones are the most common cause. Cholangitis, obstructing cancers, cysts, parasites in the bile ducts, or hepatic abscesses are responsible less frequently. Synonym: obstructive icterus; postobstructive jaundice; regurgitation jaundiceSymptomsThe condition is marked by yellow staining of the skin, mucous membranes, sclera, and secretions. The patient may complain of pruritus caused by bile pigments in the skin. The urine is yellow or green, but the stools turn light or clay-colored because of absence of bile pigment in the intestinal tract. Acute obstruction to the flow of bile causes right upper quadrant pain and may be associated with biliary colic due to entrapment of gallstones. TreatmentCholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration (choledochostomy) is used to resolve obstructive jaundice caused by gallstones. Radical surgeries (as the Whipple procedure) or stenting of the biliary tract with or without external damage may temporarily relieve obstructive jaundice caused by cancer. parenchymatous jaundiceHepatocellular jaundice.pathological jaundice of newbornHemolytic disease of the newborn.physiologic jaundiceNeonatal jaundice.postobstructive jaundiceObstructive jaundice.regurgitation jaundiceObstructive jaundice.retention jaundiceJaundice resulting from the inability of liver cells to remove bile pigment from circulation.spirochetal jaundiceLeptospirosis.toxic jaundiceJaundice resulting from chemical injury to the liver or sepsis.jaundiced
Synonyms for jaundicedadj cynicalSynonyms- cynical
- bitter
- hostile
- prejudiced
- biased
- suspicious
- partial
- jealous
- distorted
- sceptical
- resentful
- envious
- bigoted
- spiteful
- preconceived
Antonyms- trusting
- optimistic
- naive
- open-minded
- unbiased
- credulous
- ingenuous
Synonyms for jaundicedadj affected by jaundice which causes yellowing of skin etcSynonymsRelated Wordsadj showing or affected by prejudice or envy or distasteRelated Words |