| 释义 |
jet lag
jet lag also jet·lag (jĕt′lăg′)n. A temporary disruption of bodily rhythms caused by high-speed travel across several time zones typically in a jet aircraft.
jet′-lagged′ adj.jet lag or jetlagna general feeling of fatigue and disorientation often experienced by travellers by jet aircraft who cross several time zones in relatively few hoursjet′ lag` or jet′lag`,
n. a temporary disruption of the body's normal biological rhythms after high-speed air travel through several time zones. [1965–70] jet′-lagged`, adj. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  jet lag - fatigue and sleep disturbance resulting from disruption of the body's normal circadian rhythm as a result of jet travelfatigue, tiredness, weariness - temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work; "he was hospitalized for extreme fatigue"; "growing fatigue was apparent from the decline in the execution of their athletic skills"; "weariness overcame her after twelve hours and she fell asleep" |
Translationsjet lag
jet lagMild temporary symptoms affecting sleep and wake-up cycles caused by travels through a large meridian difference, normally of five time zones or more.jet lag
Jet Lag DefinitionJet lag is a condition marked by fatigue, insomnia, and irritability that is caused by air travel through changing time zones. It is commonplace: a 2002 study of international business travelers (IBTs) found that jet lag was one of the most common health problems reported, affecting as many as 74% of IBTs.DescriptionLiving organisms are accustomed to periods of night and day alternating at set intervals. Most of the human body's regulating hormones follow this cycle, known as circadian rhythm. The word circadian comes from the Latin, circa, meaning about, and dies, meaning day. These cycles are not exactly 24 hours long, hence the "circa." Each chemical has its own cycle of highs and lows, interacting with and influencing the other cycles. Body temperature, sleepiness, thyroid function, growth hormone, metabolic processes, adrenal hormones, and the sleep hormone melatonin all cycle with daylight. There is a direct connection between the retina (where light hits the back of the eye) and the part of the brain that controls all these hormones. Artificial light has some effect, but sunlight has much more.When people are without clocks in a compartment that is completely closed to sunlight, most of them fall into a circadian cycle of about 25 hours. Normally, all the regulating chemicals follow one another in order like threads in a weaving pattern. Every morning the sunlight resets the cycle, stimulating the leading chemicals and thus compensating for the difference between the 24-hour day and the 25-hour innate rhythm.When traveling through a number of time zones, most people reset their rhythms within a few days, demonstrating the adaptability of the human species. Some people, however, have upset rhythms that last indefinitely.Causes and symptomsTraveling through a few time zones at a time is not as disruptive to circadian rhythms as traveling around the world can be. The foremost symptom of jet lag is altered sleep pattern—sleepiness during the day, and insomnia during the night. Jet lag may also include indigestion and trouble concentrating. Individuals afflicted by jet lag will alternate in and out of a normal day-night cycle.TreatmentCurrent treatmentsIn cases of short-term insomnia triggered by jet lag, a physician may recommend sleeping pills or prescription medication. Such medication should only be taken under the guidance of a health care professional.Investigational treatmentsIn 2002, a team from Flanders University invented new jet lag sunglasses equipped with a vision device that used light to stimulate travelers brains. They believed that wearing the glasses before and during flights could help the human clock adjust more easily to changing time zones. The researchers were looking for a commercial partner to help them further study the glasses and make them widely available. The effectiveness of glasses or other head-mounted light devices is still uncertain, however. A team of researchers at Columbia University reported in the fall of 2002 that the use of a head-mounted light visor yielded only modest improvement in the test subjects' symptoms of jet lag.A newer medication that is considered investigational is a melatonin agonist presently known as LY 156735. An agonist is a drug that stimulates activity at cell receptors that are normally stimulated by such naturally occurring substances as melatonin. LY 156735 was found to speed up the readaptation time of volunteer subjects following a simulated 9-hour time shift.Another new area of research involves the genes that encode the proteins governing circadian rhythms. It is known as of late 2002 that differences among individuals in adaptability to time zone changes are to some extent genetically determined. Targeting the genes that affect this adaptability may yield new treatments for jet lag and other disorders of circadian rhythm.Alternative treatmentExposure to bright morning sunlight cures jet lag after a few days in most people. A few will have prolonged sleep phase difficulties. For these, there is a curious treatment that has achieved success. By forcing one's self into a 27 hour day, complete with the appropriate stimulation from bright light, all the errant chemical cycles will be able to catch up during one week.When selecting an international flight, individuals should try to arrange an early evening arrival in their destination city. When an individual is traveling to a destination in the east, he or she can try going to bed and waking up a few hours earlier several days before their flight. If travel is to the west, going to bed and waking up later than usual can help the body start to adjust to the upcoming time change. More specific recommendations are available as of 2002, tailored to whether the person is traveling through six time zones, 7-9 zones, or 10 or more.The following precautions taken during an international flight can help to limit or prevent jet lag:- Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water and juices to prevent dehydration. Beverages and foods with caffeine should be avoided because of their stimulant properties. Alcohol should also be avoided.
- Stretch and walk. As much movement as possible during a flight helps circulation, which moves nutrients and waste through the body and aids in elimination.
- Stay on time. Set watches and clocks ahead to the time in the destination city to start adjusting to the change.
- Sleep smart. Draw the shade and sleep during the evening hours in the destination city, even if it is still daylight outside of the airplane. Earplugs and sleep masks may be helpful in blocking noise and light. Many airlines provide these items on international flights.
- Dress comfortably. Wear or bring comfortable clothes and slippers that will make sleeping during the flight easier.
Once arriving in their destination city, individuals should spend as much time outdoors in the sunlight as possible during the day to reset their internal clock and lessen the symptoms of jet lag. Bedtime should be postponed until at least 10 P.M., with no daytime naps. If a daytime nap is absolutely necessary, it should be limited to no more than two hours.To promote a restful sleeping environment in a hotel setting, individuals should request that the hotel desk hold all phone calls. Because sleeping in too late can also prolong jet lag, an early wake up call should be requested if an alarm clock is not available. If the hotel room is noisy, a portable white noise machine can help to block outside traffic and hallway noises. A room air conditioner or fan can serve the same purpose. The temperature in the room should also be adjusted for sleeping comfort.All antioxidants help to decrease the effects of jet lag. Extra doses of vitamins A, C, and E, as well as zinc and selenium, two days before and two days after a flight help to alleviate jet lag. Melatonin, a hormone which helps to regulate circadian rhythms, can also help to combat jet lag. Melatonin is available as an over-the-counter supplement in most health food stores and pharmacies, but no more than 3 mg should be used in a 24-hour period.If weather prevents an individual from spending time in the sunlight, light therapy may be beneficial in decreasing jet lag symptoms. Light therapy, or phototherapy, uses a device called a light box, which contains a set of fluorescent or incandescent lights in front of a reflector. Typically, the patient sits for 30 minutes next to a 10,000-lux box (which is about 50 times as bright as an ordinary indoor light). Light therapy is safe for most people, but those with eye diseases should consult a healthcare professional before undergoing the treatment.PrognosisJet lag usually lasts 24-48 hours after travel has taken place. In that short time period, the body adjusts to the time change, and with enough rest and daytime exposure to sunlight, it returns to normal circadian rhythm.PreventionEating a high protein diet that is low in calories before intended travel may help reduce the effects of jet lag.Key termsAgonist — A medication that has an affinity for and stimulates the activity of cell receptors that are normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances, including melatonin.Circadian — Pertaining to biological rhythms occurring at approximately 24-hour intervals. Jet lag is caused by a disruption of the human body's circadian clock.Hormone — A chemical made in one part of the body that has an effect on another part.Melatonin — A hormone that helps to regulate circadian rhythms.ResourcesPeriodicalsBoulos, Z., M. M. Macchi, M. P. Sturchler, et al. "Light Visor Treatment for Jet Lag After Westward Travel Across Six Time Zones." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 73 (October 2002): 953-963."Jet Lag Sunglasses Help Body Clock Tick." Optician August 2, 2002: 1.Monson, Nancy. "What Really Works for Jet Lag." Shape August 2002: 78.Nickelsen, T., A. Samel, M. Vejvoda, et al. "Chronobiotic Effects of the Melatonin Agonist LY 156735 Following a Simulated 9h Time Shift: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Trial." Chronobiology International 19 (September 2002): 915-936.Parry, B. L. "Jet Lag: Minimizing Its Effects with Critically Timed Bright Light and Melatonin Administration." Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 4 (September 2002): 463-466.Rogers, H. L., and S. M. Reilly. "A Survey of the Health Experiences of International Business Travelers. Part One—Physiological Aspects." Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses 50 (October 2002): 449-459.Wisor, J. P. "Disorders of the Circadian Clock: Etiology and Possible Therapeutic Targets." Current Drug Targets: Cns and Neurological Disorders 1 (December 2002): 555-566.OrganizationsAmerican Sleep Disorders Association. 1610 14th Street NW, Suite 300. Rochester, MN 55901. (507) 287-6006.National Sleep Foundation. 1367 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 200. Washington, DC 20036. (202) 785-2300.jet lag a condition of desynchrony with disruption of the normal rhythm" >circadian rhythm, caused by rapid travel across several time zones; it is characterized by fatigue, insomnia, and disturbances in body function, and lasts for several days.jet lag (jet lag), An imbalance of the normal circadian rhythm resulting from subsonic or supersonic travel through a varied number of time zones and leading to fatigue, irritability, and various functional disturbances.jet lag also jetlag (jĕt′lăg′)n. A temporary disruption of bodily rhythms caused by high-speed travel across several time zones typically in a jet aircraft.
jet′-lagged′ adj.An acute shift in the circadian rhythm, caused by travelling across multiple—3—time zones
Management While there is no specific management for jet lag, good sleep hygiene before travel is best, avoiding excess alcohol, nicotine and caffeinejet lag Sleep disorders An acute shift in the circadian rhythm, caused by travelling across multiple–≥ 3 time zones Clinical Altered mood, performance efficiency, temperature rhythms, rapid eye movement and slow-wave sleep. See Circadian rhythm, Insomnia, Shift work, Sleep disorders. jet lag (jet lag) An imbalance of the normal circadian rhythm resulting from subsonic or supersonic travel through several time zones; leads to fatigue, insomnia, irritability, and functional disturbances. jet lag A loss of synchronization between the local time and the body clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei as a result of rapid long-distance easterly or, to a lesser extent, westerly air travel which changes the day/night body time synchronicity. Sleep is disturbed, digestion and bowel habit affected, memory and mental efficiency impaired and there is a persistent sense of fatigue. The suprachiasmatic nuclei have melatonin type 2 receptors and receive light information from the eyes. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland. Jet lag can be alleviated with exogenous melatonin and appropriate exposure to gradually-increasing artificial light intensity.Jet Lag
Jet LagThe state of being unadjusted to a new time zone. One generally experiences jet lag after traveling rapidly over a brief period of time. For example, if one flies from Oklahoma to Bahrain, one is likely to experience jet lag because of the eight-hour time difference. Jet lag is a common result of travel for international business.jet lag
Words related to jet lagnoun fatigue and sleep disturbance resulting from disruption of the body's normal circadian rhythm as a result of jet travelRelated Words- fatigue
- tiredness
- weariness
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