| 单词 | isabella ii |
| 释义 | Isabella IIIsabella IIIsabella IIIsabella II,1830–1904, queen of Spain (1833–68), daughter of Ferdinand VII and of Maria ChristinaMaria Christina, 1806–78, queen of Spain, daughter of Francis I of the Two Sicilies. The fourth wife of Ferdinand VII, she persuaded him to confirm (1833) the original revocation (1789) of the Salic law to allow their daughter Isabella to succeed him. ..... Click the link for more information. . Her uncle, Don CarlosCarlos (Carlos María Isidro de Borbón), 1788–1855, second son of Charles IV of Spain. He was the first Carlist pretender. After his father's abdication (1808) he was, with the rest of his family, held a prisoner in France until 1814. ..... Click the link for more information. , contested her succession under the Salic lawSalic law , rule of succession in certain royal and noble families of Europe, forbidding females and those descended in the female line to succeed to the titles or offices in the family. ..... Click the link for more information. , and thus the Carlist Wars began (see CarlistsCarlists, partisans of Don Carlos (1788–1855) and his successors, who claimed the Spanish throne under the Salic law of succession, introduced (1713) by Philip V. The law (forced on Philip by the War of the Spanish Succession to avoid a union of the French and Spanish ..... Click the link for more information. ). Isabella was under the regency of her mother until 1840, when EsparteroEspartero, Baldomero, duque de la Victoria, conde de Luchana , 1793–1879, Spanish general and statesman. He fought against the French in the Peninsular War (1808–14) and later against the revolutionists in South America. ..... Click the link for more information. seized power. After his regency (1841–43) was overthrown, Isabella was declared of age. In 1846 the queen married her cousin, Francisco de Asís, and her sister, Luisa Fernanda, married a son of Louis Philippe of France, the duc de Montpensier. These Spanish marriages, which contravened earlier Anglo-French agreements about the choice of husbands for the two sisters, aroused the anger of England, who feared a Franco-Spanish rapprochement, and caused a temporary severance of the entente between England and France. Isabella's rule was one of party conflicts among moderates, progressives, and liberal unionists and of continuous cabinet changes. NarváezNarváez, Ramón María , 1800–1868, Spanish general and statesman. He distinguished himself fighting for Isabella II against the Carlists (1834–39). ..... Click the link for more information. , EsparteroEspartero, Baldomero, duque de la Victoria, conde de Luchana , 1793–1879, Spanish general and statesman. He fought against the French in the Peninsular War (1808–14) and later against the revolutionists in South America. ..... Click the link for more information. , and O'DonnellO'Donnell, Leopoldo , 1809–67, Spanish general and statesman; member of a branch of the Irish O'Donnells of Tyrconnel. He fought successfully for Isabella II against the Carlists. When Espartero seized (1840) power in Spain, O'Donnell went into exile with Maria Christina. ..... Click the link for more information. were among her premiers. Frequent rebellions culminated in 1868 in the insurrection led by Serrano and Juan Prim, and Isabella was deposed (see SpainSpain, Span. España , officially Kingdom of Spain, constitutional monarchy (2015 est. pop. 46,398,000), 194,884 sq mi (504,750 sq km), including the Balearic and Canary islands, SW Europe. ..... Click the link for more information. ). She spent the rest of her life in France. In 1870 she abdicated her rights in favor of her son, Alfonso XIIAlfonso XII, 1857–85, king of Spain (1874–85), son of Isabella II. He went into exile with his parents at the time of the revolt of the Carlists in 1868 and was educated in Austria and England. ..... Click the link for more information. . Isabella IIBorn Oct. 10, 1830, in Madrid; died Apr. 9, 1904, in Paris. Queen of Spain from 1833 to 1868. Daughter of Ferdinand VII. Until Isabella II was proclaimed to be of age in 1843, Spain was ruled by regents. (Isabella IPs mother, María Cristina, ruled from 1833 to 1840, and General Espartero ruled from 1840 to 1843.) The period after 1843 was one of rule by a court clique, or camarilla. Isabella II fled to France on Sept. 30, 1868, with the beginning of the Spanish Revolution of 1868–74. Isabella II |
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