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单词 judge
释义

judge


judge

J0072800 (jŭj)v. judged, judg·ing, judg·es v.tr.1. To form an opinion or estimation of after careful consideration: judge heights; judging character.2. a. Law To hear and decide on in a court of law: judge a case.b. To pass sentence on; condemn.c. To act as one appointed to decide the winners of: judge an essay contest.3. To determine or declare after consideration or deliberation: Most people judged him negligent in performing his duties as a parent. 4. Informal To have as an opinion or assumption; suppose: I judge you're right.5. Bible To govern; rule. Used of an ancient Israelite leader.v.intr.1. To form an opinion or evaluation.2. To act or decide as a judge.n.1. One who judges, especially:a. One who makes estimates as to worth, quality, or fitness: a good judge of used cars; a poor judge of character.b. Law A public official who hears and decides cases brought in court.c. Law A public official who hears and decides cases or matters in a forum other than a court, such as an administrative proceeding.d. One appointed to decide the winners of a contest or competition.2. Bible a. A leader of the Israelites during a period of about 400 years between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul.b. Judges(used with a sing. verb) See Table at Bible.
[Middle English jugen, from Anglo-Norman juger, from Latin iūdicāre, from iūdex, iūdic-, judge; see deik- in Indo-European roots.]

judge

(dʒʌdʒ) n1. (Professions) a public official with authority to hear cases in a court of law and pronounce judgment upon them. Compare magistrate1, justice5, justice62. a person who is appointed to determine the result of contests or competitions3. a person qualified to comment critically: a good judge of antiques. 4. (Bible) a leader of the peoples of Israel from Joshua's death to the accession of Saulvb5. (Law) to hear and decide upon (a case at law)6. (Law) (tr) to pass judgment on; sentence7. (when tr, may take a clause as object or an infinitive) to decide or deem (something) after inquiry or deliberation8. to determine the result of (a contest or competition)9. to appraise (something) critically10. (tr; takes a clause as object) to believe (something) to be the case; suspect[C14: from Old French jugier, from Latin jūdicāre to pass judgment, from jūdex a judge] ˈjudgeable adj ˈjudgeless adj ˈjudgeˌlike adj ˈjudger n ˈjudgingly adv

judge

(dʒʌdʒ)

n., v. judged, judg•ing. n. 1. a public officer authorized to hear and decide cases in a court of law. 2. a person appointed to decide in a contest or matter at issue. 3. a person qualified to pass critical judgment: a good judge of horses. 4. an administrative head of Israel in the period between the death of Joshua and the accession to the throne by Saul. v.t. 5. to pass legal judgment on: The court judged him not guilty. 6. to hear evidence or legal arguments in (a case) in order to pass judgment; try. 7. to form a judgment or opinion of: to judge a book by its cover. 8. to decide or settle authoritatively: The censor judged the book obscene. 9. to infer, think, or hold as an opinion. 10. to make a careful guess about; estimate: I judged the distance to be about two miles. 11. to act as a judge in (a contest or competition). 12. (of the ancient Hebrew judges) to govern. v.i. 13. to act as a judge; pass judgment. 14. to form an opinion or estimate. [1175–1225; (n.) Middle English juge < Old French < Latin jūdicem, acc. of jūdex=jūs law, right + -dex (see index); (v.) Middle English jugen < Old French jugier < Latin jūdicāre, derivative of jūdex] judg′er, n. judge′ship, n.

judge

  • affidavit, deponent - An affidavit (literally, "he has stated on oath") is taken by a judge, while the deponent swears, makes, or takes an affidavit.
  • arbiter - Latin for "judge, supreme ruler."
  • arbitrate - Can mean "give an authoritative decision" (from Latin arbiter, "judge").
  • judge - From Latin jus, "law," and dicere, "to say."

judge


Past participle: judged
Gerund: judging
Imperative
judge
judge
Present
I judge
you judge
he/she/it judges
we judge
you judge
they judge
Preterite
I judged
you judged
he/she/it judged
we judged
you judged
they judged
Present Continuous
I am judging
you are judging
he/she/it is judging
we are judging
you are judging
they are judging
Present Perfect
I have judged
you have judged
he/she/it has judged
we have judged
you have judged
they have judged
Past Continuous
I was judging
you were judging
he/she/it was judging
we were judging
you were judging
they were judging
Past Perfect
I had judged
you had judged
he/she/it had judged
we had judged
you had judged
they had judged
Future
I will judge
you will judge
he/she/it will judge
we will judge
you will judge
they will judge
Future Perfect
I will have judged
you will have judged
he/she/it will have judged
we will have judged
you will have judged
they will have judged
Future Continuous
I will be judging
you will be judging
he/she/it will be judging
we will be judging
you will be judging
they will be judging
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been judging
you have been judging
he/she/it has been judging
we have been judging
you have been judging
they have been judging
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been judging
you will have been judging
he/she/it will have been judging
we will have been judging
you will have been judging
they will have been judging
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been judging
you had been judging
he/she/it had been judging
we had been judging
you had been judging
they had been judging
Conditional
I would judge
you would judge
he/she/it would judge
we would judge
you would judge
they would judge
Past Conditional
I would have judged
you would have judged
he/she/it would have judged
we would have judged
you would have judged
they would have judged
Thesaurus
Noun1.judge - a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justicejudge - a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justicejurist, justiceadjudicator - a person who studies and settles conflicts and disputesalcalde - a mayor or chief magistrate of a Spanish townchief justice - the judge who presides over a supreme courtDaniel - a wise and upright judge; "a Daniel come to judgment" -- Shakespearedoge - formerly the chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoajusticiar, justiciary - formerly a high judicial officermagistrate - a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)functionary, official - a worker who holds or is invested with an officeordinary - a judge of a probate courtpraetor, pretor - an annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republicqadi - an Islamic judgerecorder - a barrister or solicitor who serves as part-time judge in towns or boroughstrial judge - a judge in a trial courttrier - one (as a judge) who examines and settles a case
2.judge - an authority who is able to estimate worth or qualityevaluatorappraiser, valuator - one who estimates officially the worth or value or quality of thingsarbitrator, umpire, arbiter - someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue; "the critic was considered to be an arbiter of modern literature"; "the arbitrator's authority derived from the consent of the disputants"; "an umpire was appointed to settle the tax case"authority - an expert whose views are taken as definitive; "he is an authority on corporate law"critic - anyone who expresses a reasoned judgment of something
Verb1.judge - determine the result of (a competition)resolve, settle, adjudicate, decide - bring to an end; settle conclusively; "The case was decided"; "The judge decided the case in favor of the plaintiff"; "The father adjudicated when the sons were quarreling over their inheritance"referee, umpire - be a referee or umpire in a sports competition
2.judge - form a critical opinion of; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people"pass judgment, evaluatecerebrate, cogitate, think - use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments; "I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere"grade, rate, rank, place, range, order - assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide"stand - have or maintain a position or stand on an issue; "Where do you stand on the War?"approve - judge to be right or commendable; think well ofdisapprove - consider bad or wrongchoose - see fit or proper to act in a certain way; decide to act in a certain way; "She chose not to attend classes and now she failed the exam"prejudge - judge beforehand, especially without sufficient evidenceappraise, assess, evaluate, valuate, value, measure - evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of; "I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional"; "access all the factors when taking a risk"reappraise - appraise anew; "Homes in our town are reappraised every five years and taxes are increased accordingly"reject - refuse to accept or acknowledge; "I reject the idea of starting a war"; "The journal rejected the student's paper"accept - consider or hold as true; "I cannot accept the dogma of this church"; "accept an argument"think, believe, conceive, consider - judge or regard; look upon; judge; "I think he is very smart"; "I believe her to be very smart"; "I think that he is her boyfriend"; "The racist conceives such people to be inferior"count on, figure, forecast, reckon, estimate, calculate - judge to be probableanticipate, expect - regard something as probable or likely; "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow"ascribe, attribute, impute, assign - attribute or credit to; "We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare"; "People impute great cleverness to cats"attribute, assign - decide as to where something belongs in a scheme; "The biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class"disapprove, reject - deem wrong or inappropriate; "I disapprove of her child rearing methods"adjudge, declare, hold - declare to be; "She was declared incompetent"; "judge held that the defendant was innocent"critique, review - appraise critically; "She reviews books for the New York Times"; "Please critique this performance"fail - judge unacceptable; "The teacher failed six students"pass - accept or judge as acceptable; "The teacher passed the student although he was weak"test, try out, try, essay, examine, prove - put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe"
3.judge - judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)judge - judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds"estimate, gauge, approximate, guesscompute, calculate, cipher, cypher, figure, reckon, work out - make a mathematical calculation or computationquantise, quantize - approximate (a signal varying continuously in amplitude) by one whose amplitude is restricted to a prescribed set of discrete valuesmisgauge - gauge something incorrectly or improperlyput, place, set - estimate; "We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M."give - estimate the duration or outcome of something; "He gave the patient three months to live"; "I gave him a very good chance at success"lowball, underestimate - make a deliberately low estimate; "The construction company wanted the contract badly and lowballed"assess - estimate the value of (property) for taxation; "Our house hasn't been assessed in years"make - calculate as being; "I make the height about 100 feet"reckon, count - take account of; "You have to reckon with our opponents"; "Count on the monsoon"truncate - approximate by ignoring all terms beyond a chosen one; "truncate a series"guesstimate - estimate based on a calculation
4.judge - pronounce judgment on; "They labeled him unfit to work here"pronounce, labeladjudge, declare, hold - declare to be; "She was declared incompetent"; "judge held that the defendant was innocent"acquit, assoil, exculpate, exonerate, discharge, clear - pronounce not guilty of criminal charges; "The suspect was cleared of the murder charges"convict - find or declare guilty; "The man was convicted of fraud and sentenced"tout - advertize in strongly positive terms; "This product was touted as a revolutionary invention"rule, find - decide on and make a declaration about; "find someone guilty"qualify - pronounce fit or able; "She was qualified to run the marathon"; "They nurses were qualified to administer the injections"disqualify - declare unfit; "She was disqualified for the Olympics because she was a professional athlete"intonate, intone - speak carefully, as with rising and falling pitch or in a particular tone; "please intonate with sadness"
5.judge - put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial ofjudge - put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of; "The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"; "The judge tried both father and son in separate trials"adjudicate, trydecide, make up one's mind, determine - reach, make, or come to a decision about something; "We finally decided after lengthy deliberations"court-martial - subject to trial by court-martial

judge

noun1. magistrate, justice, beak (Brit. slang), His, Her or Your Honour The judge adjourned the hearing until next Tuesday.2. referee, expert, specialist, umpire, mediator, examiner, connoisseur, assessor, arbiter, appraiser, arbitrator, moderator, adjudicator, evaluator, authority A panel of judges is now selecting the finalists.3. critic, assessor, arbiter, appraiser, evaluator I'm a pretty good judge of character.verb1. adjudicate, referee, umpire, mediate, officiate, adjudge, arbitrate Entries will be judged in two age categories.2. evaluate, rate, consider, appreciate, view, class, value, review, rank, examine, esteem, criticize, ascertain, surmise It will take a few more years to judge the impact of these ideas.3. estimate, guess, assess, calculate, evaluate, gauge, appraise It is important to judge the weight of your washing load.4. find, rule, pass, pronounce, decree, adjudge He was judged guilty and burned at the stake.Related words
adjective judicial
Quotations
"A judge is not supposed to know anything about the facts of life until they have been presented in evidence and explained to him at least three times" [Lord Parker]
"Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all" [William Shakespeare Henry VI, part II]
"Judge not, that ye be not judged" Bible: St. Matthew
Proverbs
"No one should be judge in his own cause"

judge

verb1. To arrive at (a conclusion) from evidence or reasoning:conclude, deduce, deduct, draw, gather, infer, understand.2. To make a judgment as to the worth or value of:appraise, assay, assess, calculate, estimate, evaluate, gauge, rate, size up, valuate, value.Idiom: take the measure of.3. To make a decision about (a controversy or dispute, for example) after deliberation, as in a court of law:adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate, decide, decree, determine, referee, rule, umpire.4. Informal. To have an opinion:believe, consider, deem, hold, opine, think.Informal: figure.Idiom: be of the opinion.noun1. A person who evaluates and reports on the worth of something:commentator, critic, reviewer.2. A public official who decides cases brought before a court of law in order to administer justice:jurisprudent, jurist, justice, justice of the peace, magistrate.3. A person, usually appointed, who decides the issues or results, or supervises the conduct, of a competition or conflict:arbiter, arbitrator, referee, umpire.Sports: ref, ump.
Translations
判断法官裁判裁判员鉴定人

judge

(dʒadʒ) verb1. to hear and try (cases) in a court of law. Who will be judging this murder case? 審理, 判決 审理,判决 2. to decide which is the best in a competition etc. Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show? 裁判 裁判3. to consider and form an idea of; to estimate. You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth. 判斷 判断4. to criticize for doing wrong. We have no right to judge him – we might have done the same thing ourselves. 批評 批评 noun1. a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court. The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict. 法官 审判员,法官 2. a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc. The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest. 裁判 裁判员3. a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is. He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge. 鑑定人 鉴定人ˈjudg(e)ment noun1. the decision of a judge in a court of law. It looked as if he might be acquitted but the judgement went against him. 判決 判决2. the act of judging or estimating. Faulty judgement in overtaking is a common cause of traffic accidents. 判斷 判断3. the ability to make right or sensible decisions. You showed good judgement in choosing this method. 判斷力 判断力4. (an) opinion. In my judgement, he is a very good actor. 看法 意见judging from / to judge from if one can use (something) as an indication. Judging from the sky, there'll be a storm soon. 依...判斷 从...判断pass judgement (on) to criticize or condemn. Do not pass judgement (on others) unless you are perfect yourself. 批評,評斷 作出评价

judge

判断zhCN, 法官zhCN

judge


activist judge

A judge or justice (particularly of the US Supreme Court) who rules in accordance with their personal ideology rather than with how the law is strictly written; often used in a derogatory or pejorative sense. Primarily heard in US, South Africa. Many attributed the strict environmental rulings to the activist judge who was appointed last November and is known for his love of nature.See also: activist, judge

(some score) from the East German judge

An imaginary and exaggeratedly low score for some event, action, statement, or attempt deemed to be a failure or inadequate in some way. It is a reference to judges from the former country of East Germany, who were often seen as giving unfairly low scores to competitors from other countries during international sporting events. I'd say that pitiful retort would only get you 2 out of 10 from the East German judges, my friend.See also: east, german, judge

you be the judge of that

You decide the worth, value, accuracy, etc. of something. Mother: "Did the kids finish their chores?" Father: "You be the judge of that." I think this cake tastes good, but you be the judge of that.See also: judge, of, that

don't judge a book by its cover

Don't base your opinion of something (or someone) on the way it (or one) looks. This report may look dull, but don't judge a book by its cover—I will have you riveted by the facts and figures in no time! I know she's a little frumpy, but don't judge a book by its cover, man!See also: book, by, cover, judge

no one should be judge in his own cause

A phrase that aims to preserve impartiality, as a judge would likely be swayed or otherwise affected if they were intimately involved in the issue at hand. It is a translation of the Latin legal maxim nemo debet esse iudex in propria causa. A: "My lawyers are seeking a mistrial in an attempt to get a different judge—one with no ties to my former company." B: "That's a good idea. No one should be judge in his own cause."See also: cause, judge, no, one, own, should

any (one) worth (one's) salt

A person who warrants respect in a certain field or area, typically because they do their job well. "Any" is typically followed by a particular profession or title. Any teacher worth his salt is able to inspire his students. Any doctor worth her salt is able to diagnose conditions accurately.See also: any, salt, worth

be (as) sober as a judge

1. To be stoic and reserved, perhaps even somber. Anita has been sober as a judge ever since she heard of Marshall's death.2. To be calm and rational. He's usually as sober as a judge, so I'm confident that he'll make a sound decision.3. To be not at all intoxicated. I haven't been drinking at all, I swear! I'm sober as a judge!See also: judge, sober

wear (one's particular profession's) hat

To act as one would in one's particular profession while in a different setting. Bobby, I know you're off duty, but can you please wear your doctor's hat for five minutes and tell me what's wrong with my arm? I don't want to have to go to the hospital. My wife was still wearing her judge's hat when she tried to intervene with our neighbor's arguing kids.See also: hat, particular, wear

not judge a book by its cover

To not judge the true qualities or characteristics of someone or something just by assessing superficial details alone. His leather jacket made him seem like a bit of a jerk to me, but I guess you shouldn't judge a book by its cover.See also: book, by, cover, judge, not

you can't judge a book by its cover

You cannot determine or should not judge the true qualities or characteristics of someone or something just by assessing superficial details alone. He seemed like a bit of a jerk to me, but I guess you can't judge a book by its cover.See also: book, by, cover, judge

(as) sober as a judge

1. To be stoic and reserved, perhaps even somber. Anita has been as sober as a judge ever since she heard of Marshall's death. The coach stood at the side of the field, sober as a judge, as the clock counted down on his team's championship ambitions.2. To be calm and rational. We need someone who can consider these issues without their emotions interfering—you'll need to be as sober as a judge from beginning to end!3. To be not at all intoxicated. I haven't been drinking at all, I swear! I'm as sober as a judge! John's remained sober as a judge ever since the car accident three years ago.See also: judge, sober

judge between (someone or something and someone or something else)

to decide between people or things, in any combination. You can't expect me to judge between apples and oranges, can you? Can you judge between the prosecution and the defense?See also: between, judge

Judge not, lest ye be judged.

 and Judge not, that ye be not judged.Prov. If you condemn other people, then they will have the right to condemn you, so it is best not to condemn them. (Biblical.) Jill: I'm sure Gloria is the one who's been stealing from petty cash. She's so sloppy, nasty, and ill-mannered. Don't you think she'd be capable of theft? Jane: Judge not, lest ye be judged.See also: judge, ye

judge one on one's own merits

to evaluate one on one's own good and bad points and no one else's. Please judge Janet on her own merits. I was judged on my own merits.See also: judge, merit, on, one, own

judge something on its own merits

to evaluate something on its own good and bad points and nothing else. You must judge this proposal on its own merits. The proposal has not been judged on its own merits.See also: judge, merit, on, own

judging by something

 and judging from somethingto make a decision or judgment based on something. Judging by the amount of food eaten, everyone must have been very hungry. Judging from the mess that's left, the party must have been a good one.See also: by, judge

*sober as a judge

 1. Cliché very formal, somber, or stuffy. (*Also: as ~.) You certainly look gloomy, Bill. You're sober as a judge. Tom's as sober as a judge. I think he's angry. 2. Cliché not drunk; alert and completely sober. (*Also: as ~.) John's drunk? No, he's as sober as a judge. You should be sober as a judge when you drive a car.See also: judge, sober

judge a book by its cover, one can't

One can't rely on outward appearances to know what something or someone is really like. For example, He seems very quiet, but you can't judge a book by its cover. [First half of 1900s] See also: book, by, judge, one

sober as a judge

Not at all intoxicated, quite clear-headed, as in Even after three drinks he was sober as a judge. Why judges should be equated with sobriety is not known, but the simile was first recorded in 1694. See also: judge, sober

you can't judge a book by its cover

or

you can't judge a book by the cover

You say you can't judge a book by its cover or you can't judge a book by the cover to mean that you should not judge someone or something by what they look like or what they seem like at first. If he loves her I'm happy for them. You can't judge a book by its cover. We may say that we don't believe in judging a book by the cover, but research has shown that we do, over and over again.See also: book, by, cover, judge

sober as a judge

BRITISH, OLD-FASHIONEDIf someone is as sober as a judge, they have drunk no alcohol at all. For five years I was as sober as a judge.See also: judge, sober

sober as a judge

completely sober.See also: judge, sober

don’t judge a ˌbook by its ˈcover

(saying) used to say that you should not form an opinion about somebody/something from their appearance only: When we arrived we found that the hotel we’d booked looked awful, but as they say, you should never judge a book by its cover.See also: book, by, cover, judge

(as) sober as a ˈjudge

not at all affected by alcohol: I was driving, so of course I was sober as a judge. OPPOSITE: (as) drunk as a lordSee also: judge, sober

(as) sober as a judge

mod. as sober (free from alcohol) as it is possible to be. Kelly—who was starched as could be—claimed to be sober as a judge. See also: judge, sober

sober as a judge

verbSee as sober as a judgeSee also: judge, sober

sober as a judge

In full possession of one’s faculties; not at all intoxicated. The equation of judges and sobriety was made long ago. An early appearance in print is in Terence Made English (1694) by an unknown author: “I thought myself sober as a judge.” It remains current on both sides of the Atlantic.See also: judge, sober

judge


judge

a leader of the peoples of Israel from Joshua's death to the accession of Saul

What does it mean when you dream about a judge?

A judge may represent an authority figure—in real life or in the dreamer’s psyche—who constantly condemns or criticizes spontaneous actions that are considered to be unruly and frivolous. A dream in which one feels guilty about committing a wrong may indicate a subconscious need to condemn one’s actions—self-judgment. Alternatively, judges may represent justice or good/bad judgment. (See also Court).

judge


Judge

To make a decision or reach a conclusion after examining all the factual evidence presented. To form an opinion after evaluating the facts and applying the law.

A public officer chosen or elected to preside over and to administer the law in a court of justice; one who controls the proceedings in a courtroom and decides questions of law or discretion.

As a verb the term judge generally describes a process of evaluation and decision. In a legal case this process may be conducted by either a judge or a jury. Decisions in any case must be based on applicable law. Where the case calls for a jury verdict, the judge tells the jury what law applies to the case.

As a noun judge refers to a person authorized to make decisions. A judge is a court officer authorized to decide legal cases. A judge presiding over a case may initiate investigations on related matters, but generally judges do not have the power to conduct investigations for other branches or agencies of government.

Judges must decide cases based on the applicable law. In some cases a judge may be asked to declare that a certain law is unconstitutional. Judges have the power to rule that a law is unconstitutional and therefore void, but they must give proper deference to the legislative body that enacted the law.

There are two types of judges: trial court and appellate. Trial court judges preside over trials, usually from beginning to end. They decide pretrial motions, define the scope of discovery, set the trial schedule, rule on oral motions during trial, control the behavior of participants and the pace of the trial, advise the jury of the law in a jury trial, and sentence a guilty defendant in a criminal case.

Appellate judges hear appeals from decisions of the trial courts. They review trial court records, read briefs submitted by the parties, and listen to oral arguments by attorneys, and then decide whether error or injustice occurred in the trial.

Judges can also be distinguished according to their jurisdiction. For example, federal court judges differ from state court judges. They operate in different courtrooms, and they hear different types of cases. A federal court judge hears cases that fall within federal jurisdiction. Generally, this means cases that involve a question of federal law or the U.S. Constitution, involve parties from different states, or name the United States as a party. State court judges hear cases involving state law, and they also have jurisdiction over many federal cases.

Some judges can hear only certain cases in Special Courts with limited subject matter jurisdiction. For example, a federal Bankruptcy court judge may preside over only bankruptcy cases. Other special courts with limited Subject Matter Jurisdiction include tax, probate, juvenile, and traffic courts.

Justices make up the upper echelon of appellate judges. The term justice generally describes judges serving on the highest court in a jurisdiction. In some jurisdictions a justice may be any appellate judge.

Judges are either appointed or elected. On the federal level, district court judges, appellate court judges, and justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president subject to the approval of Congress. On the state level, judges may be appointed by the governor, selected by a joint ballot of the two houses of the state legislature, or elected by the voters of the state.

On the federal level, judges have lifetime tenure. Most state court judges hold their office for a specified number of years. If a state court judge is appointed by the governor, the judge's term may be established by the governor. In some states a judge's term is fixed by statute. All state jurisdictions have a mandatory retirement age. In New Hampshire, for example, a judge must retire by age 70 (N.H. Const. pt. 2, art. 78). There is no mandatory retirement age for justices and judges on the federal level.

Judges' retirement benefits are provided for by statute. On the federal level, a retiring judge may receive for the remainder of the judge's life the salary that she or he was receiving at the time of retirement. To qualify for retirement benefits, a judge must meet minimum service requirements. For example, a judge who retires at age 65 must have served 15 years as a judge in the federal court system; at age 66, 14 years; and so on until age 70 (§ 371). If a judge is forced to retire because of disability and has not qualified for benefits under § 371, the judge may still receive a full salary for life if she or he served 10 years. If the judge served less than 10 years, she or he may receive half of her or his salary for life (28 U.S.C.A. § 372).

Judges must follow ethical rules. In all jurisdictions statutes specify that a judge may hold office only during a time of good behavior. If a judge violates the law or an ethical rule, the judge may be removed from office. In jurisdictions in which judges are elected, they may be removed from office by popular vote or impeached by act of the legislature. In states where judges are appointed, the legislature or the governor is authorized to remove them from office, but only for ethical or legal violations. This is because the power of the judiciary is separate from and equal to the power of the legislative and executive branches, and unfettered control of the judiciary by the other two branches would upset the balance of power.

Judges are distinct from magistrates. Magistrates are court officers who are empowered by statute to decide pretrial issues and preside over minor cases. Their judicial powers are limited. In the federal court system, for example, magistrates may not preside over felony criminal trials. They may preside over civil trials and misdemeanor criminal trials, but only with the consent of all the parties (28 U.S.C.A. §§ 631–639).

Cross-references

Canons of Judicial Ethics; Code of Judicial Conduct; Court Opinion; Discretion in Decision Making; Judicial Action; Judicial Conduct; Judicial Review.

judge

1) n. an official with the authority and responsibility to preside in a court, try lawsuits, and make legal rulings. Judges are almost always attorneys. In some states, "justices of the peace" may need only to pass a test, and federal and state "administrative law judges" are often lawyer or non-lawyer hearing officers specializing in the subject matter upon which they are asked to rule. The word "court" often refers to the judge, as in the phrase "the court found the defendant at fault," or "may it please the court," when addressing the judge. The word "bench" also refers to the judge or judges in general. Judges on appeals courts are usually called "Justices." Judges of courts established by a state at the county, district, city or township level, gain office by election, by appointment by the Governor, or by some judicial selection process in case of a vacancy. Federal Judges are appointed for life by the President of the United States with confirmation by the United States Senate. A Senator of the same party as the President has considerable clout in recommending federal judges from his/her home state. 2) v. to rule on a legal matter, including determining the result in a trial if there is no jury. (See: jurist, court, justice, magistrate, bench, administrative law judge, justice of the peace)

judge

1 a public official with authority to hear cases in a court of law and pronounce judgment upon them. 2 to hear and decide upon or to pass judgment on; sentence.

JUDGE. A public officer, lawfully appointed to decide litigated questions according to law. This, in its most extensive sense, includes all officers who are appointed to decide such questions, and not only judges properly so called, but also justices of the peace, and jurors, who are judges of the facts in issue. See 4 Dall. 229; 3 Yeates, IR. 300. In a more limited sense, the term judge signifies an officer who is so named in his commission, and who presides in some court.
2. Judges are appointed or elected, in a variety of ways, in the United States they are appointed by the president, by and with the consent of the senate; in some of the states they are appointed by the governor, the governor and senate, or by the legislature. In the United States, and some of the states, they hold their offices during good behaviour; in others, as in New York, during, good behaviour, or until they shall attain a certain age and in others for a limited term of years.
3. Impartiality is the first duty of a judge; before he gives an opinion, or sits in judgment in a cause, he ought to be certain that he has no bias for or against either of the parties; and if he has any (the slightest) interest in the cause, he is disqualified from sitting as judge; aliquis non debet esse judex in propria causa; 8 Co. 118; 21 Pick. Rep. 101; 5 Mass. 92; 13 Mass. 340; 6 Pick. R. 109; 14 S. & R. 157-8; and when he is aware of such interest, he ought himself to refuse to sit on the case. It seems it is discretionary with him whether he will sit in a cause in which he has been of counsel. 2 Marsh. 517; Coxe, 164; see 2 Binn. 454. But the delicacy which characterizes the judges in this country, generally, forbids their sitting in such a cause.
4. He must not only be impartial, but he must follow and enforce the law, whether good or bad. He is bound to declare what the law is, and not to make it; he is not an arbitrator, but an interpreter of the law. It is his duty to be patient in the investigation of the case, careful in considering it, and firm in his judgment. He ought, according to Cicero, "never to lose sight that he is a man, and that he cannot exceed the power given him by his commission; that not only power, but public confidence has been given to him; that he ought always seriously to attend not to his wishes but to the requisitions of law, of justice and religion." Cic. pro. Cluentius. A curious case of judicial casuistry is stated by Aulus Gellius Att. Noct. lib: 14, cap. 2, which may be interesting to the reader.
5. While acting within the bounds of his jurisdiction, the judge is hot responsible for any error of judgment, nor mistake he may commit as a judge. Co. Litt. 294; 2 Inst. 422; 2 Dall. R. 160; 1 Yeates, R. 443; N. & M'C. 168; 1 Day, R. 315; 1 Root, R. 211; 3 Caines, R. 170; 5 John. R. 282; 9 John. R. 395; 11 John. R. 150; 3 Marsh. R. 76; 1 South. R. 74; 1 N. H. Rep. 374; 2 Bay, 1, 69; 8 Wend. 468; 3 Marsh. R. 76,. When he acts corruptly, he may be impeached. 5 John. R. 282; 8 Cowen, R. 178; 4 Dall. R. 225.
6. A judge is not competent as a witness in a cause trying before him, for this, among other reasons, that he can hardly be deemed capable of impartially deciding on the admissibility of his own testimony, or of weighing. it against that of another. Martin's R. N. S. 312. Vide, Com. Dig. Courts, B 4, C 2, E 1, P 16 justices, 1 1, 2, and 3; 14 Vin. Ab. 573; Bac. Ab. Courts, &c., B; 1 Kent, Com. 291; Ayl. Parerg. 309; Story, Const. Index, h.t. See U. S. Dig. Courts, I, where will be found an abstract of various decisions relating to the appointment and powers of judges in different states. Vide Equality; Incompetency.;

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judge


  • all
  • noun
  • verb

Synonyms for judge

noun magistrate

Synonyms

  • magistrate
  • justice
  • beak
  • His, Her or Your Honour

noun referee

Synonyms

  • referee
  • expert
  • specialist
  • umpire
  • mediator
  • examiner
  • connoisseur
  • assessor
  • arbiter
  • appraiser
  • arbitrator
  • moderator
  • adjudicator
  • evaluator
  • authority

noun critic

Synonyms

  • critic
  • assessor
  • arbiter
  • appraiser
  • evaluator

verb adjudicate

Synonyms

  • adjudicate
  • referee
  • umpire
  • mediate
  • officiate
  • adjudge
  • arbitrate

verb evaluate

Synonyms

  • evaluate
  • rate
  • consider
  • appreciate
  • view
  • class
  • value
  • review
  • rank
  • examine
  • esteem
  • criticize
  • ascertain
  • surmise

verb estimate

Synonyms

  • estimate
  • guess
  • assess
  • calculate
  • evaluate
  • gauge
  • appraise

verb find

Synonyms

  • find
  • rule
  • pass
  • pronounce
  • decree
  • adjudge

Synonyms for judge

verb to arrive at (a conclusion) from evidence or reasoning

Synonyms

  • conclude
  • deduce
  • deduct
  • draw
  • gather
  • infer
  • understand

verb to make a judgment as to the worth or value of

Synonyms

  • appraise
  • assay
  • assess
  • calculate
  • estimate
  • evaluate
  • gauge
  • rate
  • size up
  • valuate
  • value

verb to make a decision about (a controversy or dispute, for example) after deliberation, as in a court of law

Synonyms

  • adjudge
  • adjudicate
  • arbitrate
  • decide
  • decree
  • determine
  • referee
  • rule
  • umpire

verb to have an opinion

Synonyms

  • believe
  • consider
  • deem
  • hold
  • opine
  • think
  • figure

noun a person who evaluates and reports on the worth of something

Synonyms

  • commentator
  • critic
  • reviewer

noun a public official who decides cases brought before a court of law in order to administer justice

Synonyms

  • jurisprudent
  • jurist
  • justice
  • justice of the peace
  • magistrate

noun a person, usually appointed, who decides the issues or results, or supervises the conduct, of a competition or conflict

Synonyms

  • arbiter
  • arbitrator
  • referee
  • umpire
  • ref
  • ump

Synonyms for judge

noun a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice

Synonyms

  • jurist
  • justice

Related Words

  • adjudicator
  • alcalde
  • chief justice
  • Daniel
  • doge
  • justiciar
  • justiciary
  • magistrate
  • functionary
  • official
  • ordinary
  • praetor
  • pretor
  • qadi
  • recorder
  • trial judge
  • trier

noun an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality

Synonyms

  • evaluator

Related Words

  • appraiser
  • valuator
  • arbitrator
  • umpire
  • arbiter
  • authority
  • critic

verb determine the result of (a competition)

Related Words

  • resolve
  • settle
  • adjudicate
  • decide
  • referee
  • umpire

verb form a critical opinion of

Synonyms

  • pass judgment
  • evaluate

Related Words

  • cerebrate
  • cogitate
  • think
  • grade
  • rate
  • rank
  • place
  • range
  • order
  • stand
  • approve
  • disapprove
  • choose
  • prejudge
  • appraise
  • assess
  • evaluate
  • valuate
  • value
  • measure
  • reappraise
  • reject
  • accept
  • believe
  • conceive
  • consider
  • count on
  • figure
  • forecast
  • reckon
  • estimate
  • calculate
  • anticipate
  • expect
  • ascribe
  • attribute
  • impute
  • assign
  • adjudge
  • declare
  • hold
  • critique
  • review
  • fail
  • pass
  • test
  • try out
  • try
  • essay
  • examine
  • prove

verb judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)

Synonyms

  • estimate
  • gauge
  • approximate
  • guess

Related Words

  • compute
  • calculate
  • cipher
  • cypher
  • figure
  • reckon
  • work out
  • quantise
  • quantize
  • misgauge
  • put
  • place
  • set
  • give
  • lowball
  • underestimate
  • assess
  • make
  • count
  • truncate
  • guesstimate

verb pronounce judgment on

Synonyms

  • pronounce
  • label

Related Words

  • adjudge
  • declare
  • hold
  • acquit
  • assoil
  • exculpate
  • exonerate
  • discharge
  • clear
  • convict
  • tout
  • rule
  • find
  • qualify
  • disqualify
  • intonate
  • intone

verb put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of

Synonyms

  • adjudicate
  • try

Related Words

  • decide
  • make up one's mind
  • determine
  • court-martial
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