malarial hemoglobinuria


ma·lar·i·al he·mo·glo·bi·nu·ri·a

a condition, now uncommon, resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection (malignant tertian malaria with severe hemolysis); seen in whites after interrupted treatment. Synonym(s): blackwater fever, hemoglobinuric fever, West African fever

hemoglobinuria

(he?mo-glo-bin-ur'e-a) [ hemoglobin + -uria] The presence in urine of hemoglobin free from red blood cells. It occurs when the amount of hemoglobin from disintegrating red blood cells or from rapid hemolysis of red cells exceeds the ability of the blood proteins to combine with the hemoglobin.hemoglobinuric (-bin-ur'ik), adjective

Etiology

Causes include hemolytic anemia, scurvy, purpura, exposure to or ingestion of certain chemicals, such as arsenic and phosphorus, typhoid fever, and septicemia.

cold hemoglobinuria

Hemoglobinuria following local or general exposure to cold. Synonym: paroxysmal hemoglobinuria

epidemic hemoglobinuria

Hemoglobinuria of the newborn characterized by jaundice, cyanosis, and fatty degeneration of heart and liver. Synonym: Winckel disease

intermittent hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

malarial hemoglobinuria

Blackwater fever.

march hemoglobinuria

Urinary bleeding that occurs following strenuous exercise, e.g., running a marathon.

paroxysmal hemoglobinuria

Intermittent, recurring attacks of bloody urine following exposure to cold (cold hemoglobinuria) or strenuous exercise (march hemoglobinuria). Results from increased fragility of red blood cells or presence of a thermolabile autohemolysin.

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Abbreviation: PNH
A rare form of an acquired hemolytic anemia that results from a defect in membrane-anchored proteins of red blood cells.

Symptoms

The syndrome is characterized by acute onset of fevers and chills, back and extremity pain, and abdominal cramps. Hemoglobinuria occurs if enough red blood cells have been destroyed.

Treatment

Erythropoietin may be used to treat the anemia of PNH.

 Synonym: intermittent hemoglobinuria

toxic hemoglobinuria

Hemoglobinuria resulting from toxic substances such as muscarine or snake venom; toxic products of infectious diseases such as yellow fever, typhoid fever, syphilis, and certain forms of hemolytic jaundice; organisms such as Plasmodium malariae, which destroy red blood cells; and foreign protein in blood, e.g., following blood transfusion.