malignant cell

A cell that has undergone malignant transformation—i.e., is in a state of permanent proliferation and capable of metastasis.
Phenotypic changes in malignant cells
General changes
• Decreased intercellular adhesion;
• Electrical repulsion (due to a loss of anchorage dependence);
• Decreased intracellular K+ and Ca2+;
• Aneuploidy;
• Loss of response to control by the usual cytokines and mitogens;
• Ectopic hormone production;
• Use of aberrant metabolic pathways;
• Biochemical convergence—cells lose features of differentiation and organ-specific features (e.g., microvilli);
• Desmosomes, intermediate filaments.
Cytopathologic changes
• Nucleolar margination (a sign of rapid growth);
• Cytologic atypia;
• Nuclear irregularity;
• Hyperchromasia;
• High nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio;
• Swelling of mitochondria and flooding of the mitochondrial matrix.
Other features
• Altered growth parameters and cell behaviour;
• Cell surface alterations;
• Loss of actin myofilaments;
• Increased transforming growth factor release;
• Increased protease secretion;
• Altered gene transcription;
• Immortalisation of cells.

单词	malignant cell
释义	DictionarySeemalignant malignant cell malignant cell A cell that has undergone malignant transformation—i.e., is in a state of permanent proliferation and capable of metastasis. Phenotypic changes in malignant cells General changes • Decreased intercellular adhesion; • Electrical repulsion (due to a loss of anchorage dependence); • Decreased intracellular K+ and Ca2+; • Aneuploidy; • Loss of response to control by the usual cytokines and mitogens; • Ectopic hormone production; • Use of aberrant metabolic pathways; • Biochemical convergence—cells lose features of differentiation and organ-specific features (e.g., microvilli); • Desmosomes, intermediate filaments. Cytopathologic changes • Nucleolar margination (a sign of rapid growth); • Cytologic atypia; • Nuclear irregularity; • Hyperchromasia; • High nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio; • Swelling of mitochondria and flooding of the mitochondrial matrix. Other features • Altered growth parameters and cell behaviour; • Cell surface alterations; • Loss of actin myofilaments; • Increased transforming growth factor release; • Increased protease secretion; • Altered gene transcription; • Immortalisation of cells.
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