meat

food; the flesh of animals; edible part of anything: the meat of a walnut; the essential part: the meat of the matter
Not to be confused with:meet – join: the roads meet here; become acquainted with: I’d like you to meet my friend.mete – deal; measure; dole: to mete out punishment

meat

M0182700 (mēt)n.1. The edible flesh of animals, especially that of mammals as opposed to that of fish or poultry.2. The edible part, as of a piece of fruit or a nut.3. The essence, substance, or gist: the meat of the editorial.4. Slang Something that one enjoys or excels in; a forte: Tennis is his meat.5. Nourishment; food: "Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink" (Edna St. Vincent Millay).6. Vulgar Slang a. The human body regarded as an object of sexual desire.b. The genitals.Idiom: meat and potatoes Informal The fundamental parts or part; the basis.

[Middle English mete, from Old English, food.]

meat

(miːt) n1. (Cookery) the flesh of mammals used as food, as distinguished from that of birds and fish2. (Cookery) anything edible, esp flesh with the texture of meat: crab meat. 3. (Cookery) food, as opposed to drink4. the essence or gist5. (Cookery) an archaic word for meal¹6. meat and drink a source of pleasure7. have one's meat and one's manners informal Irish to lose nothing because one's offer is not accepted[Old English mete; related to Old High German maz food, Old Saxon meti, Gothic mats] ˈmeatless adj

meat

(mit)

n. 1. the flesh of animals as used for food. 2. the edible part of anything, as a nut. 3. the essential point or part; gist. 4. solid food: meat and drink. 5. substantial content; pith. 6. a favorite activity: Chess is my meat. 7. Slang. a person as a sexual object. 8. Archaic. the principal meal. [before 900; Old English mete food, of Germanic orig.]

meat

- First meant "food, nourishment"—especially solid food as opposed to drink.See also related terms for nourishment.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	meat - the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as foodsolid food, food - any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; "food and drink"stew meat - tough meat that needs stewing to be ediblebird, fowl - the flesh of a bird or fowl (wild or domestic) used as foodgame - the flesh of wild animals that is used for fooddark meat - the flesh of the legs of fowl used as foodraw meat - uncooked meatred meat - meat that is dark in color before cooking (as beef, venison, lamb, mutton)organs, variety meat - edible viscera of a butchered animalcut of meat, cut - a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcasscold cuts - sliced assorted cold meatsboeuf, beef - meat from an adult domestic bovinecarbonado - a piece of meat (or fish) that has been scored and broiledhalal - (Islam) meat from animals that have been slaughtered in the prescribed way according to the shariahjerked meat, jerky, jerk - meat (especially beef) cut in strips and dried in the sunpemican, pemmican - lean dried meat pounded fine and mixed with melted fat; used especially by North American Indiansveal, veau - meat from a calfhorseflesh, horsemeat - the flesh of horses as foodmouton, mutton - meat from a mature domestic sheeplamb - the flesh of a young domestic sheep eaten as foodporc, pork - meat from a domestic hog or pigsausage - highly seasoned minced meat stuffed in casingssausage meat - any meat that is minced and spiced and cooked as patties or used to fill sausagesescargot, snail - edible terrestrial snail usually served in the shell with a sauce of melted butter and garlicprotein - any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid - a saturated fatty acid that is the major fat in meat and dairy products
	2.	meat - the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone; "black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell"kernelplant part, plant structure - any part of a plant or fungusseed - a small hard fruit
	3.	meat - the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience; "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story"essence, heart and soul, inwardness, nitty-gritty, pith, substance, gist, kernel, nub, sum, core, marrow, heart, center, centrecognitive content, mental object, content - the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learnedbare bones - (plural) the most basic facts or elements; "he told us only the bare bones of the story"hypostasis - (metaphysics) essential nature or underlying realityhaecceity, quiddity - the essence that makes something the kind of thing it is and makes it different from any otherquintessence - the purest and most concentrated essence of somethingstuff - a critically important or characteristic component; "suspense is the very stuff of narrative"

meat

noun1. food, provisions, nourishment, sustenance, eats (slang), fare, flesh, rations, grub (slang), subsistence, kai (N.Z. informal), chow (informal), nosh (slang), victuals, comestibles, provender, nutriment, viands Meat is relatively expensive.2. gist, point, heart, core, substance, essence, nucleus, marrow, kernel, nub, pith The real meat of the conference was the attempt to agree on minimum standards.Proverbs
"The nearer the bone, the sweeter the meat"

Types and cuts of meat

bacon, baron of beef, Bath chap, beef, beef-ham, black pudding, bockwurst, boerewors, bratwurst, breast, brisket, cervelat, charqui, Chateaubriand, chicken, chipolata, chitterlings, chitlings, or chitlins, chop, chorizo, chuck or chuck steak, chump, cold cuts, collar, colonial goose, corned beef, crown roast, Cumberland sausage, cutlet, devon, duck, entrecôte, escalope, fillet, forehock, foreshank, game, gammon, gigot, goose, gristle, ham, haslet, hogg or hogget, hough or hock, kidney, knackwurst or knockwurst, lamb, lamb's fry, leg, lights, liver, liver sausage or (esp. U.S.) liverwurst, loin, Lorne sausage, square sausage, or square slice (Scot.), luncheon meat, médaillons, mince, minute steak, mortadella, mutton, noisette, numbles (archaic), offal, oxtail, oxtongue, Parma ham, parson's nose, pastrami, pemmican, pepperoni, pheasant, pigeon, polony, pope's eye, pork, porterhouse steak, prosciutto, rack, rib, rolled lamb, round, rump, saddle, salami, salt pork, sausage, saveloy, scrag, shank, shoulder, silverside, sirloin, skirt, Spam (trademark), sparerib, steak, stewing steak, sweetbread, T-bone, tenderloin, tongue, topside, tournedos, tripe, turkey, undercut, veal, venison

meat

noun1. Something fit to be eaten:aliment, bread, comestible, diet, edible, esculent, fare, food, foodstuff, nourishment, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, pap, provender, provision (used in plural), sustenance, victual.Slang: chow, eats, grub.2. The most central and material part:core, essence, gist, heart, kernel, marrow, nub, pith, quintessence, root, soul, spirit, stuff, substance.Law: gravamen.

Translations

肉食用肉类

meat

(miːt) noun the flesh of animals or birds used as food. She does not eat meat; (also adjective) What did you have for the meat course?食用肉类ˈmeaty adjective1. full of (animal) meat. a meaty soup/stew.多肉的2. (tasting, smelling etc) like meat. This smells meaty.似肉的

meat

→ 肉zhCN

The meat is cold → 这肉凉了
This meat is spoiled (US)
This meat is off (UK) → 这肉变味了
Do you eat meat? → 你吃肉吗？
I don't eat meat → 我不吃肉
Which dishes have no meat → 哪份菜里没有肉／鱼？
Is this cooked in meat stock? → 这是用肉汤制作的吗？
I don't like meat → 我不喜欢吃肉
I don't eat red meat → 我不吃红肉

meat

meat,

term for the flesh of animals used for food, especially that of cattle, sheep, lambs, and swine, as distinct from game, poultry, and fish; sometimes it is inclusive of all animal flesh or of all animal flesh except fish and shellfish. The chief constituents of meat are water, protein, and fat. Phosphorus, iron, and vitamins are also contained in meat, especially in some of the edible organs (e.g., liver). Although meat is digested more slowly than starches or sugars, it has a high food value, with more than 95% of the protein and fat being digested; fattier meats take somewhat longer to digest than the leaner ones. The edible parts of a carcass include lean flesh, fat flesh, and edible glands or organs, such as the heart, liver, kidneys, tongue, tripe, brains, and sweetbreadssweetbread.
The thymus gland (known as throat sweetbread) and the pancreas (stomach sweetbread), especially of the calf and lamb (although beef sweetbreads are sometimes eaten), are considered delicacies and are rich in mineral elements and vitamins.
..... Click the link for more information. . The comparative toughness of meat depends on the character of the muscle walls and connective tissue, the part of the animal from which the meat is taken, and the age and condition of the animal. Ripening meat, i.e., hanging it for a time at a temperature just above freezing (or, in a more recently developed technique, at a high temperature) permits enzyme action and the formation of lactic acid, which tenderizes it. Good meat may be recognized by a uniform color; a firm, elastic texture; being barely moist to the touch; and having a scarcely perceptible, clean odor. The choicer cuts should be of fine texture and well marbled with fat. Cooking meat not only softens tissues, kills parasites and microorganisms, and coagulates blood and albumen, but makes the meat more palatable by developing its flavors or introducing new ones by means of seasonings and sauces. Meat, where available, has been a staple food since prehistoric times. The meat supply, obtained at first by using the raw flesh of animals found dead, was augmented by trapping; then, as humans developed their tools and a community life, by hunting; and finally, by the domestication of animals. In the 21st cent., researchers have grown meat experimentally from animal cells in laboratories using special techniques and equipment and a growth medium, with the aim of ultimately producing meat in factories without the need to raise and slaughter livestock. Meat has been subject to prohibitions (see vegetarianismvegetarianism,
theory and practice of eating only fruits and vegetables, thus excluding animal flesh, fish, or fowl and often butter, eggs, and milk. In a strict vegetarian, or vegan, diet (i.e.
..... Click the link for more information. ), as well as to butchering regulations on religious and hygienic grounds. Meat consumption has been commonly based on the supply, lamb and mutton being preferred in the Middle East, veal in Italy, and pork and beef in most of Europe and the Americas. The leading producers of meat for export are Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand.

Meat

the skeletal musculature of slaughtered animals or game; for humans, one of the most important nutritional products. Meat is also composed of connective and fatty tissues, as well as an insignificant quantity of nerve tissue. Carcasses and parts of them (meat on bones) are also referred to as meat. Depending on the species of animal, meat may be called mutton or lamb, beef, or horsemeat, for example.

Chemical composition. Chemically, the muscle tissue of slaughtered animals is 73–77 percent moisture, 18–21 percent proteins, 1–3 percent lipids, 1.7–2 percent extractive nitrogenous substances, 0.9–1.2 percent extractive nitrogen-free substances, and 0.8–1.0 percent mineral substances. Myoglobin, the respiratory pigment in muscle, gives a freshly cut piece of meat its dark red color. Its derivative, oxymyoglobin, is responsible for the light red color that develops rapidly when meat is exposed to air. The nuclei of a muscle fiber consist chiefly of nucleoproteins. The myofibrils are made up of proteins of the actomyosin complex (about 60 percent of all proteins)—myosin, actin, and tropomyosin. The principal proteins in the connective tissue of meat are collagen and elastin, which are also components of the sarcolemma.

The extractive nitrogenous substances include carnosine, anserine, carnitine, phasphocreatine, creatine, creatinine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), purine bases, amino acids, and urea. The nitrogen-free extractive substances include glycogen, glucose, hexose phosphates, and lactic and pyruvic acids.

The total lipid (fat) content of muscle tissue depends on the fatness of the animal. In muscle tissue (or lean meat) the level of phosphatides is fairly constant and fluctuates from 0.5 to 0.8 percent, depending on the type of meat. The total cholesterol content is 50–70 milligram percent (mg percent), and the total esterified cholesterol content, 3–5 mg percent. The triglyceride content varies greatly. Free fatty acids and monoglycerides and diglycerides are found in small quantities. Among the phosphatides in meat are lecithins, cephalins, sphingomyelins, and plasmalogens.

Most of the fatty acids (95–99 percent of the total content of fatty acids) of intramuscular lipids in slaughtered animals are higher fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms. There are qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of fatty acids in beef, pork, mutton, and lamb.

Lean meat contains 0.20–0.22 percent phosphorus, 0.32–0.35 percent potassium, 0.05–0.08 percent sodium, 0.020–0.022 percent magnesium, 0.010–0.012 percent calcium, 0.002–0.003 percent iron, 0.003–0.005 percent zinc, and many other trace elements, including copper, strontium, barium, boron, silicon, tin, lead, molybdenum, fluorine, iodine, manganese, cobalt, and nickel.

Biochemical processes after slaughter. Several hours after slaughter, rigor mortis begins to develop in muscle tissue. It is characterized by loss of flexibility and elasticity and by hardening of the muscles. When it is in a state of rigor mortis, meat is not suitable for use. Biochemical processes bring about the end of rigor mortis and cause the muscles to relax and soften.

The process that occurs after the death of the animal and that leads to significant improvement in the quality of the meat is called aging, a type of autolysis caused by the action of enzymes in the meat. In the meat industry, aging is promoted by keeping the carcasses in refrigeration chambers at 0°-4°C. Most of the biochemical reactions during aging involve the irreversible decomposition of certain cell components. Immediately after the animal’s death the decomposition of glycogen (glycogenolysis) begins. By a series of intermediate reactions, glycogen is converted into lactic acid, which plays an essential role in the aging of meat. Unless the meat contains sufficient glycogen, lactic acid will not form. If the animals are exhausted, ill, or excited before slaughter, their muscle tissue usually contains little glycogen, and they yield meat that is unstable in storage.

The principal changes in the nucleotides are dephosphorylation and deamination. The enzyme decomposition of ATP, which begins immediately after slaughter and ends 24 hours later, is accompanied by the accumulation of phosphoric acid and inosine monophosphate. Associated with these biochemical processes are physicochemical changes in meat proteins, which result in a significant change in the hydration of meat. Until the onset of rigor mortis, the meat of a freshly slaughtered animal retains water very well. During aging the meat becomes tender and juicy.

Flavor substances and other specific substances or their precursors, which, after culinary or technological processing, impart a characteristic flavor and aroma to a meat product, are formed during aging. The flavor of meat apparently depends on a number of water-soluble extractive substances, including inosinic acid, glutamic acid or its monosodium salt, free amino acids, and many other substances of low molecular weight. The flavor and aroma characteristic of different kinds of meat (beef, pork, mutton, or lamb) are due to lipids or compounds formed from these water-soluble substances. The optimal period for aging meat in a refrigeration chamber is 72 hours. When the storage period is increased (by up to ten days), the flavor, aroma, and tenderness of meat increase slowly.

Microbiological processes after slaughter. There are no microorganisms in healthy animals that are well rested before slaughter. Fatigue fosters the appearance of microorganisms from the intestinal tract in muscle tissue. The use of meat from fatigued animals or from animals that have been poorly fed for a long time may cause food poisoning. To increase the stability of meat and to protect it from the effects of microbes, a number of conditions are observed. The animals are given sufficient rest before slaughter, and the hide and hooves are cleaned. The carcass is bled thoroughly, dressed properly, and chilled rapidly. The temperature of the storage chamber is kept at 0°C, and the relative humidity at 85 percent.

During prolonged refrigeration (especially if the temperature regime is interrupted), the continuous increase in microorganisms on the meat’s surface usually results in sliming and putrefaction. The biochemistry of the processes that occur during putrefaction is fairly constant. Under the action of the enzymes of putrefactive microorganisms, proteins decompose, forming intermediate and end products of putrefaction, including malodorous ones (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, mercaptans, skatole, indole, cresol, phenol, volatile fatty acids,

Table 1. Protein and fat content and caloric value of the assimilable part of various meats
	Chemical composition of edible part (in percent)		Kilocalories¹ per 100 g of edible part
	Proteins	Fats	Kilocalories¹ per 100 g of edible part
¹ 1 kilocalorie = 4.19 kilojoules
Mutton and lamb, Prime grade
Refrigerated..........	13.9	16.0	206.0
Frozen	15.0	17.0	220.0
Beef, prime grade..........
Refrigerated	15.2	9.9	154.0
Frozen	16.1	10.5	164.0
Pork, fatty............
Refrigerated............	12.2	35.6	381.0
Frozen................	12.8	36.1	388.0
Pork, lean..........
Refrigerated............	13.9	20.2	245.0
Frozen...........	14.4	21.0	234.0
Veal, milk-fed...........	16.1	7.0	131.0

carbonyl compounds, amines, and alcohols, for example). Chemical methods of detecting spoilage are based on the chemistry of meat spoilage.

In the human diet, meat is a basic source of complete protein. It consists of valuable muscle proteins (myosin, actin, and globulin), which contain all the essential amino acids, and connective-tissue, incomplete proteins made up of collagen and elastin. When heated, collagen is converted to gluten (gelatin), which has biological value but does not contain the important amino acid tryptophan. Elastin, which does not soften even after prolonged cooking, has no nutritional value. The extractive nitrogenous substances, which are powerful stimulants to the digestive glands, are biologically the most active components of meat. Concentrated bouillons and roasted meat are very rich in these subtances. Because boiled meat contains few of them, it is used in dietotherapy. (See Table 1 for the content of proteins and fats in various meats.)

Because of the characteristic predominance of hard saturated fatty acids in them, meat fats have high melting points (beef fat, 45°-52°C; mutton and lamb fat, 45°-56°C; and pork fat, 34°-44°C). The assimilability of the fat depends on its melting point. Beef fat is 90 percent assimilable, and pork fat 97–98 percent.

Meat is also a source of some mineral substances and a number of trace elements, including copper, cobalt, and zinc. It also contains a good balance of the B vitamins (0.10–93 mg percent of thiamine [B₁], 0.15–0.25 mg percent of riboflavin [B₂], 2.7–6.21 mg percent of nicotinamide [vitamin PP], 0.3–0.61 mg percent of pyridoxine [B₆], and 80–113 mg percent of choline).

K. S. PETROVSKII

Veterinary-sanitary appraisal. Appraisal of meat involves examination of animals before slaughter, as well as postmortem examination of the carcasses and organs. Only clinically healthy animals delivered from farms that are free of infectious diseases may be slaughtered for meat. These sanitary conditions are confirmed by veterinary certificates issued for each lot of cattle to be slaughtered. Each carcass and the organs from it undergo postmortem examination, which includes pathologicoanatomical, microbiological, and biochemical analysis. Organoleptic and physicochemical methods based on the chemistry of meat spoilage are used to evaluate freshness. In the early 1970’s histological analysis based on the detection of microstructural changes in stale meat was introduced. Meat is a perishable product that requires refrigeration and limitation of storage periods.

V. N. RUSAKOV

What does it mean when you dream about meat?

Eating meat sometimes indicates that one is getting to the heart of the matter or finally getting down to the “meat of an issue.” Meat can also represent a bold and hearty grasp of the dreamer’s needs.

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Types and cuts of meat

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What does it mean when you dream about meat?

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Patient discussion about meat

MEAT

meat

Synonyms for meat

noun food

Synonyms

noun gist

Synonyms

Synonyms for meat

noun something fit to be eaten

Synonyms

noun the most central and material part

Synonyms

Synonyms for meat

noun the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

Related Words

noun the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone

Synonyms

Related Words

noun the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience

Synonyms

Related Words