| 释义 |
adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphaten. ADP.adenosine diphosphate n (Chemistry) the full name of ADP ADP 1. adenosine diphosphate: a nucleotide that functions in the transfer of energy during the catabolism of glucose, formed by the removal of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate and composed of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups. Compare ATP. 2. automatic data processing. [1940–45] adenosine di·phos·phate (dī-fŏs′fāt′) See ADP.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | adenosine diphosphate - an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storageADPnucleotide, base - a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) |
adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate: see adenineadenine
, organic base of the purine family. Adenine combines with the sugar ribose to form adenosine, which in turn can be bonded with from one to three phosphoric acid units, yielding the three nucleotides adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine
..... Click the link for more information. ; adenosine triphosphateadenosine triphosphate
(ATP) , organic compound composed of adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups. ATP serves as the major energy source within the cell to drive a number of biological processes such as photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and the synthesis of
..... Click the link for more information. .Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) A coenzyme and an important intermediate in cellular metabolism as the partially dephosphorylated form of adenosine triphosphate. The compound is 5′-adenylic acid with an additional phosphate group attached through a pyrophosphate bond. ADP is produced from adenosine triphosphate and reconverted to this compound in coupled reactions concerned with the energy metabolism of living systems. ADP is also produced from 5′-adenylic acid by the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate in a reaction that is catalyzed by an enzyme, myokinase. See Metabolism adenosine diphosphate[ə¦den·ə‚sēn ‚dī′fäs·fāt] (biochemistry) C10H15N5O10P2 A coenzyme composed of adenosine and two molecules of phosphoric acid that is important in intermediate cellular metabolism. Abbreviated ADP. adenosine diphosphate
adenosine [ah-den´o-sēn] 1. a nucleoside composed of the pentose sugar d-ribose and adenine. It is a structural subunit of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Adenosine nucleotides are involved in the energy metabolism of all cells. Adenosine can be linked to a chain of one, two, or three phosphate groups to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The bond between the phosphate groups in ADP or the two bonds between phosphate groups in ATP are called high-energy bonds, because hydrolysis of a high-energy bond provides a large amount of free energy that can be used to drive other processes that would not otherwise occur. The energy that is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins is used to synthesize ATP. The energy stored in ATP is then used directly or indirectly to drive all other cellular processes that require energy, of which there are four major types: (1) the transport of molecules and ions across cell membranes against concentration gradients, which maintains the internal environment of the cell and produces the membrane potential for the conduction of nerve impulses; (2) the contraction of muscle fibers and other fibers producing the motion of cells; (3) the synthesis of chemical compounds; (4) the synthesis of other high-energy compounds. Adenosine. 2. a preparation of adenosine, which acts as a cardiac depressant of automaticity in the sinus node and conduction in the atrioventricular node and as a vasodilator. It is used as an antiarrhythmic and is also used to cause coronary vasodilation during myocardial perfusion imaging in patients who cannot exercise adequately to perform an exercise stress test, administered intravenously.cyclic adenosine monophosphate a cyclic nucleotide, adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, involved in the action of many hormones, including catecholamines, ACTH, and vasopressin. The hormone binds to a specific receptor on the cell membrane of target cells. This activates an enzyme, adenylate cyclase, which produces cyclic AMP from ATP. Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger activating other enzymes within the cell. Abbreviated 3′,5′-AMP, cAMP, and cyclic AMP.adenosine diphosphate (ADP) a nucleotide, adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate, produced by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is then converted back to ATP by the metabolic processes oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the cycle" >tricarboxylic acid cycle.adenosine monophosphate (AMP) a nucleotide, adenosine 5′-phosphate, involved in energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. Called also adenylic acid.adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) a term used to refer to the enzymatic activity of certain intercellular processes that split ATP to form ADP and inorganic phosphate, when the energy released is not used for the synthesis of chemical compounds. Examples are the splitting of ATP in muscle contraction and the transport of ions across cell membranes.adenosine triphosphate (ATP) a nucleotide, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, occurring in all cells, where it stores energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds. Free energy is supplied to drive metabolic reactions, to transport molecules against concentration gradients (active transport), and to produce mechanical motion (contraction of myofibrils and microtubules), when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate or to AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate. ATP is also used to produce high-energy phosphorylated intermediary metabolites, such as glucose 6-phosphate.a·den·o·sine 5'-di·phos·phate (ADP), (ă-den'ō-sēn dī-fos'fāt), A condensation product of adenosine with pyrophosphoric acid, formed from ATP by the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoryl group of the latter compound.adenosine diphosphaten. ADP.adenosine diphosphate An adenosine with 2 high-energy phosphates, which results from the hydrolysis of ATP, that occurs in many metabolic processes. ADP is converted back to ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.adenosine diphosphate see ADP.FinancialSeeADPSee ADP
See AHERA Designated Personadenosine diphosphate
Related to adenosine diphosphate: adenosine monophosphateSynonyms for adenosine diphosphatenoun an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storageSynonymsRelated Words |