Oncology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical

of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, the largest research organization in the USSR concerned with the origin, development, prevention, and treatment of tumors in humans. The institute is located in Moscow. It was founded in 1952 as the Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy of Cancer and became part of the system of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, receiving its present name in 1960.

As of 1973, the institute consisted of clinical departments specializing in tumors of the head and neck; in thoracic, abdominal, and general oncology; and in endocrinology, gynecology, pediatrics, proctology, hematology, chemotherapy, radiology, roentgenography, operative resuscitation, blood transfusion, and pathological anatomy. There are also laboratories for experimental oncology and sections for scientific medical information and scientific organization.

The subdivisions of the institute include the All-Union Center for Chemotherapy of Tumors and the Computer Center, both attached to the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. The oncology subdepartment of the Central Institute for the Advanced Training of Physicians is based in the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology. The institute is the central organization for research in chemical carcinogenesis, virology and immunology of tumors, and biochemistry of tumors and biology of the tumor cell, as well as morphology of tumors, epidemiology of tumors, pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy, and pediatric oncology. The institute offers residency and graduate programs and is authorized to accept candidates’ and doctoral dissertations. It also publishes proceedings of scientific meetings and conferences as well as collections of articles.