mediastinal lesion
mediastinal lesion
Any mass, benign or malignant, infectious or reactive, that is found in the mediastinum.Aetiology
▪ Non-neoplastic.
▪ Developmental:
– Cysts;
– Tissue in an abnormal location.
▪ Inflammatory/fibrosing conditions
▪ Thymic hyperplasia.
▪ Neoplastic.
▪ Thymic tumours.
▪ Lymphomas:
– Hodgkin lymphoma;
– Primary DLBC lymphoma;
– Lymphoblastic lymphoma.
▪ Germ cell tumours.
▪ Neurogenic tumours:
– Posterior mediastinum—sympathetic chain and nerve roots.
▪ Sympathetic nervous system:
– Neuroblastoma;
– Ganglioneuroblastoma;
– Ganglioneuroma.
▪ Peripheral nerve sheath tumours:
– Schwannoma;
– Neurofibroma;
– MPNST—De novo, von Recklinghausens, post-radiotherapy.
▪ Soft tissue tumours:
– Vascular—Lymphangioma, haemangioma, angisarcoma;
– Fat—Lipoma, lipoblastoma, thymolipoma, liposarcoma;
– Smooth muscle—Leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma
– Bone—Chondroma, chondrosarcoma;
– Other—Solitary fibrous tumour (benign or malignant), mesothelioma.
▪ Ectopic tissue:
– Thyroid lesions;
– Parathyroid lesions.
▪ Paraganglioma.
▪ Oesophageal.
▪ Metastatic tumours (carcinoma, etc.).
▪ Others:
– Meningioma;
– Chordoma;
– Myxoma;
– Granular cell tumour;
– Amyloid;
– Langerhans cell histiocytosis.