miglitol

[mig´lĭ-tol] an antidiabetic agent that by inhibiting α-glucosidases of the intestinal brush border delays the breakdown of ingested sugars, slowing the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream and reducing postprandial hyperglycemia; used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, administered orally.

miglitol

Glyset

Pharmacologic class: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Therapeutic class: Hypoglycemic

Pregnancy risk category B

Action

Inhibits alpha-glucosidases, which convert oligosaccharides and disaccharides to glucose. This inhibition causes blood glucose reduction (especially in postprandial hyperglycemia).

Availability

Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Indications and dosages

➣ Adjunct to diet in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus or combined with a sulfonylurea when diet plus either miglitol or a sulfonylurea alone doesn't control hyperglycemia

Adults: 25 mg P.O. t.i.d. with first bite of each main meal. After 4 to 8 weeks, may increase to 50 mg P.O. t.i.d. After 3 months, adjust dosage further based on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, to a maximum of 100 mg P.O. t.i.d.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components

• Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis

• Chronic intestinal disorder associated with marked digestive or absorptive disorders or conditions that may deteriorate due to increased gas formation

• Inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulceration, partial intestinal obstruction, or predisposition to intestinal obstruction

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• significant renal impairment (safety not established)

• fever, infection, trauma, stress

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients

• children (safety not established).

Administration

• Give with first bite of three main meals.

Adverse reactions

GI: abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence

Skin: rash

Interactions

Drug-drug. Digestive enzyme preparations (such as amylase), intestinal absorbents (such as charcoal): reduced miglitol efficacy

Digoxin, propranolol, ranitidine: decreased bioavailability of these drugs

Drug-diagnostic tests. Serum iron: below-normal level

Drug-food. Carbohydrates: increased diarrhea

Patient monitoring

• Monitor CBC, blood glucose, and HBA1c levels.

• Watch for hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, especially if patient also takes insulin or oral sulfonylureas.

Patient teaching

• Instruct patient to take drug three times daily with first bite of three main meals.

• Advise patient to take drug as prescribed. If appropriate, tell him he may need insulin during periods of increased stress, infection, or surgery.

• Teach patient about diabetes. Stress importance of proper diet, exercise, weight control, and blood glucose monitoring.

• Inform patient that sucrose (as in table sugar) and fruit juice don't effectively treat miglitol-induced hypoglycemia. Advise him to use dextrose or glucagon instead to raise blood glucose level quickly.

• Tell patient drug may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas. Reassure him that these effects usually subside after several weeks.

• As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and foods mentioned above.

miglitol

(mĭg′lĭ-tôl′)n. A drug, C₈H₁₇NO₅, that reduces blood glucose levels by inhibiting the breakdown of complex carbohydrates in the intestine and is used to treat type 2 diabetes.

单词	miglitol
释义	miglitol mig·li·tol M5315550 (mĭg′lĭ-tôl′)n. A drug, C₈H₁₇NO₅, that reduces blood glucose levels by inhibiting the breakdown of complex carbohydrates in the intestine and is used to treat type 2 diabetes. [(i)mi(ne) + alteration of gly(cemic) + -it(e) + -ol.] miglitol miglitol [mig´lĭ-tol] an antidiabetic agent that by inhibiting α-glucosidases of the intestinal brush border delays the breakdown of ingested sugars, slowing the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream and reducing postprandial hyperglycemia; used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, administered orally. miglitol Glyset *Pharmacologic class:* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor *Therapeutic class:* Hypoglycemic *Pregnancy risk category B* Action Inhibits alpha-glucosidases, which convert oligosaccharides and disaccharides to glucose. This inhibition causes blood glucose reduction (especially in postprandial hyperglycemia). Availability Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Indications and dosages ➣ Adjunct to diet in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus or combined with a sulfonylurea when diet plus either miglitol or a sulfonylurea alone doesn't control hyperglycemia Adults: 25 mg P.O. t.i.d. with first bite of each main meal. After 4 to 8 weeks, may increase to 50 mg P.O. t.i.d. After 3 months, adjust dosage further based on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, to a maximum of 100 mg P.O. t.i.d. Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug or its components • Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis • Chronic intestinal disorder associated with marked digestive or absorptive disorders or conditions that may deteriorate due to increased gas formation • Inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulceration, partial intestinal obstruction, or predisposition to intestinal obstruction Precautions Use cautiously in: • significant renal impairment (safety not established) • fever, infection, trauma, stress • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children (safety not established). Administration • Give with first bite of three main meals. Adverse reactions GI: abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence Skin: rash Interactions Drug-drug. Digestive enzyme preparations (such as amylase), intestinal absorbents (such as charcoal): reduced miglitol efficacy Digoxin, propranolol, ranitidine: decreased bioavailability of these drugs Drug-diagnostic tests. Serum iron: below-normal level Drug-food. Carbohydrates: increased diarrhea Patient monitoring • Monitor CBC, blood glucose, and HBA1c levels. • Watch for hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, especially if patient also takes insulin or oral sulfonylureas. Patient teaching • Instruct patient to take drug three times daily with first bite of three main meals. • Advise patient to take drug as prescribed. If appropriate, tell him he may need insulin during periods of increased stress, infection, or surgery. • Teach patient about diabetes. Stress importance of proper diet, exercise, weight control, and blood glucose monitoring. • Inform patient that sucrose (as in table sugar) and fruit juice don't effectively treat miglitol-induced hypoglycemia. Advise him to use dextrose or glucagon instead to raise blood glucose level quickly. • Tell patient drug may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas. Reassure him that these effects usually subside after several weeks. • As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and foods mentioned above. miglitol (mĭg′lĭ-tôl′)n. A drug, C₈H₁₇NO₅, that reduces blood glucose levels by inhibiting the breakdown of complex carbohydrates in the intestine and is used to treat type 2 diabetes.
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miglitol

mig·li·tol

miglitol

miglitol

miglitol

Action

Availability

Indications and dosages

Contraindications

Precautions

Administration

Adverse reactions

Interactions

Patient monitoring

Patient teaching

miglitol