| 单词 | lopressor | |||
| 释义 | LopressorenUKLo·pres·sorL5265650 (lō′prĕs′ər)
LopressorenUKLopressor[lo-pres´er]metoprolol succinatemetoprolol tartratePharmacologic class: Beta-adrenergic blocker (selective) Therapeutic class: Antihypertensive, antianginal Pregnancy risk category C FDA Box Warning• Exacerbations of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI) may follow abrupt withdrawal of some beta blockers. When discontinuing long-term therapy, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease, reduce dosage gradually over 1 to 2 weeks and monitor patient carefully. If angina worsens markedly or acute coronary insufficiency develops, reinstate drug promptly (at least temporarily) and take other appropriate measures to manage unstable angina. Caution patient not to interrupt or discontinue therapy without prescriber's advice. Because coronary artery disease is common and may be unrecognized, it may be prudent not to discontinue drug abruptly even in patients treated only for hypertension. ActionBlocks stimulation of beta1 (myocardial) adrenergic receptors, usually without affecting beta2 (pulmonary, vascular, uterine) adrenergic receptor sites AvailabilityInjection (tartrate): 1 mg/ml Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg Tablets (extended-release, succinate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg Indications and dosages➣ Hypertension Adults: 50 to 100 mg P.O. daily as a single dose or in two divided doses (conventional tablets) or once daily (extended-release tablets). May be increased q 7 days as needed, up to 450 mg/day (tartrate) or 400 mg (succinate extended-release). ➣ Angina pectoris Adults: 100 mg P.O. daily as a single dose or in two divided doses (conventional tablets) or once daily (extended-release tablets). May be increased q 7 days as needed, up to 400 mg. ➣ MI Adults: Three bolus injections of 5 mg I.V. given at 2-minute intervals. If patient tolerates I.V. dose, give 50 mg P.O. 15 minutes after last I.V. dose, and continue P.O. doses q 6 hours for 48 hours. For maintenance, 100 mg P.O. b.i.d. If patient doesn't tolerate full I.V. dose, give 25 to 50 mg P.O. (depending on degree of intolerance), starting 15 minutes after last I.V. dose or when clinical condition allows; discontinue drug if patient shows severe intolerance. As late treatment, 100 mg P.O. b.i.d. when clinical condition allows, continued for at least 3 months. ➣ Symptomatic heart failure Adults: 25 mg P.O. daily (extended-release tablets) in patients with NYHA Class II heart failure. Dosage may be doubled q 2 weeks, up to 200 mg/day or until highest tolerated dosage is reached. For more severe heart failure, start with 12.5 mg P.O. daily. Off-label uses• Ventricular arrhythmias, tachycardia • Tremors • Anxiety Contraindications• Sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, overt cardiac failure (with Lopressor used for hypertension or angina) • Heart rate below 45 beats/minute, second- or third-degree heart block, significant first-degree heart block; systolic pressure below 100 mm Hg; or moderate-to-severe cardiac failure (when Lopressor is used for MI) • Hypersensitivity to drug or its components, severe bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, decompensated cardiac failure, sick sinus syndrome (unless permanent pacemaker is in place) (with Toprol-XL) PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • renal or hepatic impairment, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis • MAO inhibitor use within past 14 days • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children (safety not established). Administration• Give metoprolol tartrate with or immediately after meals, because food enhances its absorption. • Know that succinate extended-release tablets are scored and can be divided. However, tablet or half-tablet should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed. • For I.V. administration, give each dose undiluted by direct injection over at least 1 minute.  Adverse reactionsCNS: fatigue, weakness, anxiety, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, memory loss, mental status changes, nervousness, nightmares CV: orthostatic hypotension, peripheral vasoconstriction, bradycardia, heart failure, pulmonary edema EENT: blurred vision, stuffy nose GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, gastric pain, heartburn, dry mouth GU: urinary frequency, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido Hepatic: hepatitis Metabolic: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia Respiratory: wheezing, bronchospasm Musculoskeletal: back pain, joint pain Skin: rash Other: drug-induced lupus syndrome InteractionsDrug-drug. Amphetamines, ephedrine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine: unopposed alpha-adrenergic stimulation (excessive hypertension, bradycardia) Antihypertensives, nitrates: additive hypotension Digoxin: additive bradycardia Dobutamine, dopamine: reduced cardiovascular benefits of these drugs General anesthestics, phenytoin (I.V.), verapamil: additive myocardial depression Insulin, oral hypoglycemics: altered efficacy of these drugs MAO inhibitors: hypertension Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, lipoproteins, potassium, triglycerides, uric acid: increased levels Drug-food. Any food: enhanced drug absorption Drug-behaviors. Acute alcohol ingestion: additive hypotension Cocaine use: unopposed alpha-adrenergic stimulation (excessive hypertension, bradycardia) Patient monitoring• Measure blood pressure closely when starting therapy and titrating dosage. Once patient stabilizes, measure blood pressure every 3 to 6 months. • Monitor blood pressure and pulse before I.V. administration. If patient is hypotensive or has bradycardia, consult prescriber before giving dose. • Watch for orthostatic hypotension in at-risk patients, particularly the elderly. • Assess glucose levels in diabetic patient. Be aware that drug may mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. • Monitor for signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Know that drug may mask these. Reduce dosage gradually in hyperthyroid patients. See When discontinuing drug, reduce dosage gradually over 1 to 2 weeks. Patient teaching• Advise patient to take with or immediately after meals. • Tell patient that extended-release tablets are scored and can be divided, but that he should swallow tablets or half-tablets whole and not crush or chew them. See Advise patient with heart failure to report signs or symptoms of worsening condition, including weight gain and increasing shortness of breath. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until drug effects are known. • Instruct patient to notify health care providers (including dentists) that he is taking drug before having surgery. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, and behaviors mentioned above. Lopressor(lō′prĕs′ər)Lopressor®Metoprolol, see there.LopressorenUK
Synonyms for Lopressor
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