| 释义 |
mania
ma·ni·a M0079400 (mā′nē-ə, mān′yə)n.1. An excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire: a mania for neatness; a dance mania.2. Psychiatry An abnormal psychological state characterized by symptoms such as elation, high energy and activity level, racing thoughts, irritability, and rapid speech, typically occurring in people with bipolar disorder.
[Middle English, madness, from Late Latin, from Greek maniā; see men- in Indo-European roots.]mania (ˈmeɪnɪə) n1. (Psychiatry) a mental disorder characterized by great excitement and occasionally violent behaviour. See also manic-depressive2. an obsessional enthusiasm or partiality: a mania for mushrooms. [C14: via Late Latin from Greek: madness]ma•ni•a (ˈmeɪ ni ə, ˈmeɪn yə)
n., pl. -ni•as. 1. excessive excitement or enthusiasm. 2. a pathological state characterized by euphoric mood, excessive activity or talkativeness, impaired judgment, and sometimes psychotic symptoms. [1350–1400; < Latin < Greek manía madness] -mania a combining form of mania (megalomania); extended to mean “enthusiasm, often of an extreme and transient nature,” for that specified by the initial element (bibliomania). mania - Based on a Greek word meaning "madness," ultimately from an Indo-European root for "mind."See also related terms for madness.mania1. a type of manie-depressive psychosis, exemplified by rapidly chang-ing ideas, extremes of emotion, and physical overactivity.
2. any violent or abnormal behavior. — maniac, n. — maniacal, adj.See also: Manias
a manifestation of intense enthusiasm for something; craze or fad, as musicomania.See also: FadsThesaurus| Noun | 1. | mania - an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or actioncacoethes, passionirrational motive - a motivation that is inconsistent with reason or logicagromania - an intense desire to be alone or out in the opendipsomania, potomania, alcoholism - an intense persistent desire to drink alcoholic beverages to excessegomania - an intense and irresistible love for yourself and concern for your own needskleptomania - an irresistible impulse to steal in the absence of any economic motivelogomania, logorrhea - pathologically excessive (and often incoherent) talkingmonomania, possession - a mania restricted to one thing or ideanecromania, necrophilia, necrophilism - an irresistible sexual attraction to dead bodiesphaneromania - an irresistible desire to pick at superficial body parts (as in obsessive nail-biting)pyromania - an uncontrollable desire to set fire to thingstrichotillomania - an irresistible urge to pull out your own hair | | 2. | mania - a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violentlymanic disorderaffective disorder, emotional disorder, emotional disturbance, major affective disorder - any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominantdelirium, frenzy, hysteria, craze, fury - state of violent mental agitation |
manianoun1. obsession, passion, thing (informal), desire, rage, enthusiasm, craving, preoccupation, craze, fad (informal), fetish, fixation, partiality They had a mania for travelling.2. madness, disorder, frenzy, insanity, dementia, aberration, lunacy, delirium, craziness, derangement the treatment of maniaTypes of mania ablutomaniawashing | agoramaniaopen spaces | ailuromaniacats | andromaniamen | AnglomaniaEngland | anthomaniaflowers | apimaniabees | arithmomaniacounting | automaniasolitude | autophonomaniasuicide | balletomaniaballet | ballistomaniabullets | bibliomaniabooks | chionomaniasnow | choreomaniadancing | chrematomaniamoney | cremnomaniacliffs | cynomaniadogs | dipsomaniaalcohol | doramaniafur | dromomaniatravelling | egomaniayour self | eleuthromaniafreedom | entheomaniareligion | entomomaniainsects | ergasiomaniawork | eroticomaniaerotica | erotomaniasex | florimaniaplants | gamomaniamarriage | graphomaniawriting | gymnomanianakedness | gynomaniawomen | hamartiomaniasin | hedonomaniapleasure | heliomaniasun | hippomaniahorses | homicidomaniamurder | hydromaniawater | hylomaniawoods | hypnomaniasleep | ichthyomaniafish | iconomaniaicons | kinesomaniamovement | kleptomaniastealing | logomaniatalking | macromaniabecoming larger | megalomaniayour own importance | melomaniamusic | mentulomaniapenises | micromaniabecoming smaller | monomaniaone thing | musicomaniamusic | musomaniamice | mythomanialies | necromaniadeath | noctimanianight | nudomanianudity | nymphomaniasex | ochlomaniacrowds | oikomaniahome | oinomaniawine | ophidiomaniareptiles | orchidomaniatesticles | ornithomaniabirds | phagomaniaeating | pharmacomaniamedicines | phonomanianoise | photomanialight | plutomaniagreat wealth | potomaniadrinking | pyromaniafire | scribomaniawriting | siderodromomaniarailway travel | sitomaniafood | sophomaniayour own wisdom | thalassomaniathe sea | thanatomaniadeath | theatromaniatheatre | timbromaniastamps | trichomaniahair | verbomaniawords | xenomaniaforeigners | zoomaniaanimals | manianoun1. A subject or activity that inspires lively interest:craze, enthusiasm, passion, rage.2. An irrational preoccupation:fetish, fixation, obsession.Informal: thing.3. Psychiatry. Serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person's capacity to function normally and safely:brainsickness, craziness, dementia, derangement, disturbance, insaneness, insanity, lunacy, madness, mental illness, psychopathy, unbalance.Psychology: aberration, alienation.Translationsmania (ˈmeiniə) noun1. a form of mental illness in which the sufferer is over-active, over-excited, and unreasonably happy. 狂躁症 狂躁症2. an unreasonable enthusiasm for something. He has a mania for fast cars. 狂熱 狂热ˈmaniac (-ӕk) noun an insane (and dangerous) person; a madman. He drives like a maniac. 瘋子 疯子manic (ˈmӕnik) adjective1. of, or suffering from, mania. She's in a manic state. 躁狂的 躁狂的2. extremely energetic, active and excited. The new manager is one of those manic people who can't rest even for a minute. 精力過人的 精力超人的IdiomsSeemerger-maniamania
mania a mental disorder characterized by great excitement and occasionally violent behaviour Mania a state characterized by excessive elevation of mood and cheerfulness, an acceleration of associative processes, instability, distractibility, and agitophasia. Mania may arise with schizophrenia, infectious and intoxicative diseases, injuries, or brain tumors. The condition is manifested most typically in the manic state of manic-depressive psychosis. In antiquity the term “mania” referred to all forms of mental disturbance with motor and speech agitation. Later, it was used as a synonym for delirium or an irresistible urge (for example, pyromania, the urge to set fires, and kleptomania, the urge to steal). In the first half of the 19th century the French psychiatrist J. E. D. Esquirol advanced the popular conception of monomania—an obsession with a single idea or urge. From the mid-19th century to the beginning of the 20th, mania was considered a separate disease. I. I. LUKOMSKII mania[′mān·yə] (psychology) Excessive enthusiasm or excitement; a violent desire or passion; manifestation of a psychotic disorder. Maniaancient Roman goddess of the dead. [Rom. Myth.: Zimmerman, 159]See: Deathmania
Mania DefinitionMania is an abnormally elated mental state, typically characterized by feelings of euphoria, lack of inhibitions, racing thoughts, diminished need for sleep, talkativeness, risk taking, and irritability. In extreme cases, mania can induce hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms.DescriptionMania typically occurs as a symptom of bipolar disorder (a mood disorder characterized by both manic and depressive episodes). Individuals experiencing a manic episode often have feelings of self-importance, elation, talkativeness, sociability, and a desire to embark on goal-oriented activities, coupled with the less desirable characteristics of irritability, impatience, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and a decreased need for sleep. (Note: Hypomania is a term applied to a condition resembling mania. It is characterized by persistent or elevated expansive mood, hyperactivity, inflated self esteem, etc., but of less intensity than mania.) Severe mania may have psychotic features.Causes and symptomsMania can be induced by the use or abuse of stimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines. It is also the predominant feature of bipolar disorder, or manic depression, an affective mental illness that causes radical emotional changes and mood swings.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the diagnostic standard for mental health professionals in the U.S., describes a manic episode as an abnormally elevated mood lasting at least one week that is distinguished by at least three of the following symptoms: inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity, or excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences. If the mood of the patient is irritable and not elevated, four of these symptoms are required.DiagnosisMania is usually diagnosed and treated by a psychiatrist and/or a psychologist in an outpatient setting. However, most severely manic patients require hospitalization. In addition to an interview, several clinical inventories or scales may be used to assess the patient's mental status and determine the presence and severity of mania. An assessment commonly includes the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) may also be given to screen out other illnesses such as dementia.TreatmentMania is primarily treated with drugs. The following mood-stabilizing agents are commonly prescribed to regulate manic episodes:- Lithium (Cibalith-S, Eskalith, Lithane) is one of the oldest and most frequently prescribed drugs available for the treatment of mania. Because the drug takes four to seven days to reach a therapeutic level in the bloodstream, it is sometimes prescribed in conjunction with neuroleptics (antipsychotic drugs) and/or benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) to provide more immediate relief of mania.
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Atretol) is an anticonvulsant drug usually prescribed in conjunction with other mood-stabilizing agents. The drug is often used to treat bipolar patients who have not responded well to lithium therapy. As of early 1998, carbamazepine was not approved for the treatment of mania by the FDA.
- Valproate (divalproex sodium, or Depakote; valproic acid, or Depakene) is an anticonvulsant drug prescribed alone or in combination with carbamazepine and/or lithium. For patients experiencing "mixed mania," or mania with features of depression, valproate is preferred over lithium.
Clozapine (Clozaril) is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to control manic episodes in patients who have not responded to typical mood-stabilizing agents. The drug has also been a useful preventative treatment in some bipolar patients. Other new anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, gubapentin) are being investigated for treatment of mania and bipolar disorder.PrognosisPatients experiencing mania as a result of bipolar disorder will require long-term care to prevent recurrence; bipolar disorder is a chronic condition that requires lifelong observation and treatment after diagnosis. Data show that almost 90% of patients who experience one manic episode will go on to have another.PreventionMania as a result of bipolar disorder can only be prevented through ongoing pharmacologic treatment. Patient education in the form of therapy or self-help groups is crucial for training patients to recognize signs of mania and to take an active part in their treatment program. Psychotherapy is an important adjunctive treatment for patients with bipolar disorder.ResourcesOrganizationsAmerican Psychiatric Association. 1400 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. (888) 357-7924. http://www.psych.org.National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI). Colonial Place Three, 2107 Wilson Blvd., Ste. 300, Arlington, VA 22201-3042. (800) 950-6264. http://www.nami.org.National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association (NDMDA). 730 N. Franklin St., Suite 501, Chicago, IL 60610. (800) 826-3632. http://www.ndmda.org.National Institute of Mental Health. Mental Health Public Inquiries, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15C-05, Rockville, MD 20857. (888) 826-9438. http://www.nimh.nih.gov.Key termsHypomania — A less severe form of elevated mood state that is a characteristic of bipolar type II disorder.Mixed mania — A mental state in which symptoms of both depression and mania occur simultaneously.mania [ma´ne-ah] (Gr.) a phase of bipolar disorders characterized by expansiveness, elation, agitation, hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, and increased speed of thought or speech (flight of ideas). adj., adj man´ic.man·ic ep·i··so·de1. a manifestation of major mood disorder involving enduring periods of persistent and significant elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and associated symptoms including decreased sleep, psychomotor speeding, racing thoughts, flight of ideas, grandiosity, and poor judgment leading to behavior that may later be regretted. Synonym(s): mania2. a DSM construct with specified criteria.
man·ic-de·pres·sive (man'ik dē-pres'iv), 1. Pertaining to a manic-depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder). 2. One suffering from such a disorder. mania (mā′nē-ə, mān′yə)n.1. An excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire: a mania for neatness; a dance mania.2. Psychiatry An abnormal psychological state characterized by symptoms such as elation, high energy and activity level, racing thoughts, irritability, and rapid speech, typically occurring in people with bipolar disorder.A hyperkinetic reaction or symptom complex seen in bipolar and other affective disorders, temporarily or regularly affecting up to 1% of the populationmania Psychiatry A hyperkinetic psychiatric reaction or Sx complex seen in bipolar disorder and other affective disorders, temporarily or regularly affecting up to 1% of the population Clinical Inappropriate elation or irritability, exaggerated gaiety, severe insomnia, grandiose thoughts, and a sense of invincibility, ↑ talking speed and/or volume, disconnected and racing thoughts, hypersexuality, ↑ energy, poor judgment, poor concentration, hyperactivity, inappropriate social behavior. See Hypomania. ma·ni·a (mā'nē-ă) An emotional disorder characterized by euphoria or irritability, increased psychomotor activity, rapid speech, flight of ideas, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, grandiosity, and poor judgment; usually occurs in bipolar disorder.
See: manic-depressive[G. frenzy]mania A state of physical and mental overactivity featuring constant compulsive and sometimes repetitive movements and unceasing loquacity. The manic phase of a MANIC DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS. From the Greek mania , raving madness.bi·po·lar dis·or·der (bī-pō'lăr dis-ōr'dĕr) Affective disorder characterized by occurrence of alternating manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes and with major depresive episodes. Patient discussion about maniaQ. could my child have manic depression? My 15 year old girl has been too upset about her weight but I see her at different times with too different moods. sometimes it looks like she's very depressed and sometimes she's happy but too happy- like unreal happiness. can it be bipolar? I'm really afraidA. yea actually there's my sister who is closer to her age and they're pretty attached but my girl can get pissed on anyone right now- wouldnt want to burn this connection as well so I have to be carefull.
what would you suggest her to do? Q. One of my friend`s son in the manic episode. I have seen people in manic episode to be happy. What could be the reason for their happiness. One of my friend`s son in the manic episode, is generally seen with high euphoria, but often he gets in to different episodes, where he seems to be happy but at the same time aggressive, which is a symptom of depression. Please clarify?A. Yes Waylon, all bipolar in manic episode are happy for no reasons. All Bipolar with depressions are depressed continuously with aggression and agitation. These two episodes of bipolars are at different poles, but a bipolar with mixed episodes is also found among some. Your friend’s son may also be in the mixed episode where bipolars have mania and depression as well at the same time. Q. what is this and how it differs during episodes of mania and depression? I have heard of psychotic symptoms, what is this and how it differs during episodes of mania and depression?A. I believe that psychosis is more common among people who have Bipolar 1. Psychosis develops in manias as Johnson said above, the person believes themselves to be someone, something they are not. They can believe themselves to be rich or invincable. I knew a gentleman once that was arrested at a car dealership because he believed that he had all the money in the world and was insisting that the dealership give him a Dodge Viper and refused to leave the showroom. When the day before he had spent both his and his partners entire paychecks on a bike (leaving no money for bills etc...) Sometime during that day he left the bike lying arund on the street somewhere because he said he had plenty of money and would just go and get another one.
In a depressive state psychosis can manifest in other ways such as believeing in all kinds of conspiracy theories, believing the world is ending... etc...
Essentially the difference between psychosis in mania and depression is that in mania the per More discussions about maniaMania
Related to Mania: hypomania, Manic episodeMANIA, med. jur. This subject will be considered by examining it, first, in a medical point of view; and, secondly, as to its legal consequences.
2.-Sec. 1. Mania may be divided into intellectual and moral.
1. Intellectual mania is that state of mind which is characterised by certain hallucinations, in which the patient is impressed with the reality of facts or events which have never occurred, and acts in accordance with such belief; or, having some notion not altogether unfounded, carries it to an extravagant and absurd length. It may be considered as involving all or most of the operations of the understanding, when it is said to be general; or as being confined to a particular idea, or train of ideas, when it is called partial.
3. These will be separately examined. 1st. General intellectual mania is a disease which presents the most chaotic confusion into which the human mind, can be involved, and is attended by greater disturbance of the functions of the body than any other. According to Pinel, Traite d'Alienation Mentale, p. 63, "The patient sometimes keeps his head elevated and his looks fixed on. high; he speaks in a low voice, or utters cries and vociferations without any apparent motive; he walks to and fro, and sometimes arrests his steps as if fixed by the sentiment of admiration, or wrapt up in profound reverie. Some insane persons display wild excesses of merriment, with immoderate bursts of laughter. Sometimes also, as if nature delighted in contrasts, gloom and taciturnity prevail, with involuntary showers of tears, or the anguish of deep sorrow, with all the external signs of acute mental suffering. In certain cases a sudden reddening of the eyes and excessive loquacity give presage of a speedy explosion of violent madness and the urgent necessity of a strict confinement. One lunatic, after long intervals of calmness, spoke at first with volubility, uttered frequent shouts of laughter, and then shed a torrent of tears; experience had taught the necessity of shutting him up immediately, for his paroxysms were at such times of the greatest violence. "Sometimes, however, the patient is not altogether devoid of intelligence; answers some questions very appropriately, and is not destitute of acuteness and ingenuity. The derangement in this form of mania is not confined to the intellectual faculties, but not unfrequently extends to the moral powers of the mind.
4.-2d. Partial intellectual mania is generally known by the name of monomania. (q.v.) In its most usual and simplest form, the patient has conceived some single notion contrary to common sense and to common experience, generally dependent on errors of sensation; as, for example, when a person believes that he is made of glass, that animals or men have taken their abode in his stomach or bowels. In these cases the understanding is frequently found to be sound on all subjects, except those connected with the hallucination. Sometimes, instead of being limited to a single point, this disease takes a wider range, and there is a class of cases, where it involves a train of morbid ideas. The patient then imbibes some notions connected with the various relations of persons, events, time, space, &c., of the most absurd and unfounded nature, and endeavors, in some measure, to regulate his conduct accordingly; though, in most respects, it is grossly inconsistent with his delusion.
5. Moral mania or moral insanity, (q.v.) is divided into, first, general, where all the moral faculties are subject to a general disturbance and secondly, partial, where one or two only of the moral powers are perverted.
6. These will be briefly and separately examined. 1st. It is certain that many individuals are living at large who are affected, in a degree at least, by general moral mania. They are generally of singular habits, wayward temper, and eccentric character; and circumstances are frequently attending them which induce a belief that they are not altogether sane. Frequently there is a hereditary tendency to madness in the family; and, not seldom, the individual himself has at a previous period of life sustained an attack of a decided character: his temper has undergone a change, he has become an altered man, probably from the time of the occurrence of something which deeply affected him, or which deeply affected his bodily constitution. Sometimes these alterations are imperceptible, at others, they are sudden and immediate. Individuals afflicted with this disease not unfrequently "perform most of the common duties of life with propriety, and some of them, indeed, with scrupulous exactness, who exhibit no strongly marked features of either temperament, no traits of superior or defective mental endowment, but yet take violent antipathies, harbor unjust suspicions, indulge strong propensities, affect singularity in dress, gait, and phraseology; are proud, conceited, and ostentatious; easily excited and with difficulty appeased; dead to sensibility, delicacy, and refinement; obstinately riveted to the most absurd opinions; prone to controversy, and yet incapable of reasoning; always the hero of their own tale, using hyperbolic, high flown language to express the most simple ideas, accompanied by unnatural gesticulation, inordinate action, and frequently by the most alarming expression of countenance. On some occasions they suspect sinister intentions on the most trivial grounds; on others are a prey to fear and dread from the most ridiculous and imaginary sources; now embracing every opportunity of exhibiting romantic courage and feats and hardihood, then indulging themselves in all manner of excesses. Persons of this description, to the casual observer, might appear actuated by a bad heart, but the experienced physician knows it is the head which is defective. They seem as if constantly affected by a greater or less degree of stimulation from intoxicating liquors, while the expression of countenance furnishes an infallible proof of mental disease. If subjected to moral restraint, or a medical regimen, they yield with reluctance to the means proposed, and generally refuse and resist, on the ground that such means are unnecessary where no disease exists; and when, by the system adopted, they are so far recovered, as to be enabled to suppress the exhibition of their former peculiarities, and are again fit to be restored to society, the physician, and those friends who put them under the physician's care, are generally ever after objects of enmity, and frequently of revenge." Cox, see cases of this Pract. Obs. on Insanity, kind of madness cited in Ray, Med. Jur. Sec. 112 to 119; Combe's Moral Philos. lect. 12.
7.-2d. Partial moral mania consists in the derangement of one or a few of the affective faculties, the moral and intellectual constitution in other respects remaining in a sound state. With a mind apparently in full possession of his reason, the patient commits a crime, without any extraordinary temptation, and with every inducement to refrain from it, he appears to act without a motive, or in opposition to one, with the most perfect consciousness of the impropriety, of his conduct, and yet he pursues perseveringly his mad course. This disease of the mind manifests itself in a variety of ways, among which may be mentioned the following: 1. An irresistible propensity to steal. 2. An inordinate propensity to lying. 3. A morbid activity of the sexual propensity. Vide Erotic Mania. 4. A morbid propensity to commit arson. 5. A morbid activity of the propensity to destroy. Ray, Med. Jur. ch. 7.
8.-Sec. 2. In general, persons laboring under mania are not responsible nor bound for their acts like other persons, either in their contracts or for their crimes, and their wills or testaments are voidable. Vide Insanity; Moral Insanity. 2 Phillim. Eccl. R. 69; 1 Hagg. Cons: R. 414; 4 Pick. R. 32; 3 Addams, R. 79; 1 Litt. R. 371. mania
Related to mania: hypomania, Manic episodeSynonyms for manianoun obsessionSynonyms- obsession
- passion
- thing
- desire
- rage
- enthusiasm
- craving
- preoccupation
- craze
- fad
- fetish
- fixation
- partiality
noun madnessSynonyms- madness
- disorder
- frenzy
- insanity
- dementia
- aberration
- lunacy
- delirium
- craziness
- derangement
Synonyms for manianoun a subject or activity that inspires lively interestSynonyms- craze
- enthusiasm
- passion
- rage
noun an irrational preoccupationSynonyms- fetish
- fixation
- obsession
- thing
noun serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person's capacity to function normally and safelySynonyms- brainsickness
- craziness
- dementia
- derangement
- disturbance
- insaneness
- insanity
- lunacy
- madness
- mental illness
- psychopathy
- unbalance
- aberration
- alienation
Synonyms for manianoun an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or actionSynonymsRelated Words- irrational motive
- agromania
- dipsomania
- potomania
- alcoholism
- egomania
- kleptomania
- logomania
- logorrhea
- monomania
- possession
- necromania
- necrophilia
- necrophilism
- phaneromania
- pyromania
- trichotillomania
noun a mood disorderSynonymsRelated Words- affective disorder
- emotional disorder
- emotional disturbance
- major affective disorder
- delirium
- frenzy
- hysteria
- craze
- fury
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