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单词 opium
释义

opium


o·pi·um

O0097000 (ō′pē-əm)n.1. A bitter, yellowish-brown, strongly addictive narcotic drug prepared from the dried latex of unripe pods of the opium poppy and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.2. Something that numbs or stupefies.
[Middle English, from Latin, from Greek opion, diminutive of opos, vegetable juice.]

opium

(ˈəʊpɪəm) n1. (Pharmacology) the dried juice extracted from the unripe seed capsules of the opium poppy that contains alkaloids such as morphine and codeine: used in medicine as an analgesic2. something having a tranquillizing or stupefying effect[C14: from Latin: poppy juice, from Greek opion, diminutive of opos juice of a plant]

o•pi•um

(ˈoʊ pi əm)

n. 1. the dried, condensed juice of the seed capsules of a poppy, Papaver somniferum, that has a narcotic effect and contains morphine, codeine, papaverine, and other alkaloids. 2. opiate (def. 3). [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin < Greek ópion poppy juice]

o·pi·um

(ō′pē-əm) A highly addictive, yellowish-brown drug obtained from the pods of a variety of poppy, from which other drugs, such as morphine, are prepared.
Thesaurus
Noun1.opium - an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppyopium - an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppycontrolled substance - a drug or chemical substance whose possession and use are controlled by lawnarcotic - a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addictionopiate - a narcotic drug that contains opium or an opium derivative
Translations
鸦片

opium

(ˈəupiəm) noun a drug made from the dried juice of a type of poppy. 鴉片 鸦片opiate (ˈoupiət) noun any drug containing opium, used to make a person sleep. The doctor gave him an opiate. 鴉片麻醉劑 鸦片麻醉剂

opium


the opium of the people

That which creates a feeling of false happiness, contentment, or numbness to reality. Adapted from Karl Marx's description of organized religion. But all of this superstition is of course just the opium of the people, designed to make you feel better about the chaos of the world and the fear of death, while remaining in service to an organization that directly benefits from your financial contributions. All of these pieces of technology, these video games, these television shows, they are all just the opium of the people, keeping us blind and numb to the machinations of the corporations and politicians that control everything.See also: of, opium, people

the opium of the masses

That which creates a feeling of false happiness, contentment, or numbness to reality. Adapted from Karl Marx's description of organized religion. But all of this superstition is of course just the opium of the masses, designed to make you feel better about the chaos of the world and the fear of death, while remaining in service to an organization that directly benefits from your financial contributions. All of these pieces of technology, these video games, these television shows, they are all just the opium of the masses, keeping us blind and numb to the machinations of the corporations and politicians that control everything.See also: masse, of, opium

the opium of the people

or

the opium of the masses

The opium of the people or the opium of the masses is something that makes a lot of people feel happy. He saw religion as the opium of the people. I see the reality show as the new opium of the masses. Note: This phrase was used by Karl Marx to describe religion. See also: of, opium, people

the opium of the people (or masses)

something regarded as inducing a false and unrealistic sense of contentment among people. This idiom is a translation of the German phrase Opium des Volks, used by Karl Marx in 1844 in reference to religion.See also: of, opium, people

opium


opium,

substance derived by collecting and drying the milky juice in the unripe seed pods of the opium poppypoppy,
common name for some members of the Papaveraceae, a family composed chiefly of herbs of the Northern Hemisphere having a characteristic milky or colored sap. Most species are native to the Old World; many are cultivated in gardens for their brilliantly colored if
..... Click the link for more information. , Papaver somniferum. Opium varies in color from yellow to dark brown and has a characteristic odor and a bitter taste. Its chief active principle is the alkaloid morphinemorphine,
principal derivative of opium, which is the juice in the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It was first isolated from opium in 1803 by the German pharmacist F. W. A. Sertürner, who named it after Morpheus, the god of dreams.
..... Click the link for more information. , a narcoticnarcotic,
any of a number of substances that have a depressant effect on the nervous system. The chief narcotic drugs are opium, its constituents morphine and codeine, and the morphine derivative heroin.

See also drug addiction and drug abuse.
..... Click the link for more information. . Other constituents are the alkaloids codeinecodeine
, alkaloid found in opium. It is a narcotic whose effects, though less potent, resemble those of morphine. An effective cough suppressant, it is mainly used in cough medicines. Like other narcotics, codeine is addictive. See drug addiction and drug abuse.
..... Click the link for more information. , papaverinepapaverine
, alkaloid found in opium that acts as a muscle relaxant and vasodilator. The drug relaxes the smooth muscle of the larger blood vessels and is used to increase the blood supply to the brain or to the heart, as in the treatment of angina pectoris.
..... Click the link for more information. , and noscapine (narcotine); heroinheroin
, opiate drug synthesized from morphine (see narcotic). Originally produced in 1874, it was thought to be not only nonaddictive but useful as a cure for respiratory illness and morphine addiction, and capable of relieving morphine withdrawal symptoms.
..... Click the link for more information.  is synthesized from morphine. Morphine, heroin, and codeine are addicting drugs; papaverine and noscapine are not. A tincture of opium is called laudanumlaudanum
, tincture, or alcoholic solution, of opium, first compounded by Paracelsus in the 16th cent. Not then known to be addictive, the preparation was widely used up through the 19th cent. to treat a variety of disorders.
..... Click the link for more information. ; paregoricparegoric
, alcoholic solution of opium and camphor first prepared in the 18th cent. Because of the constipating effect of opium, paregoric has been used to control diarrhea. It was formerly a constituent of many cough elixirs.
..... Click the link for more information.  is a mixture of opium, alcohol, and camphor.

Effects and Addictive Nature

Opium and its various constituents exert effects upon the body ranging from analgesia, or insensitivity to pain, to narcosis, or depressed physiological activity leading to stupor. Opium users describe experiencing a feeling of calm and well-being. Opium addicts in otherwise good physical and mental health whose drug needs are met are thought to experience no debilitating physiological effects from their addiction, although there is some evidence that immune function is compromised. However, their preoccupation with the drug and its acquisition can lead to malnutrition and general poor self-care and an increased risk of disease.

Medical Uses

Opium was commonly used as an analgesic until the development of morphine. Morphine continues to be prescribed for relief of severe pain, but fears of its addictive potential have limited its use. Laudanum was used in the 1800s to promote sleep and alleviate pain; codeine suppresses coughing; paregoric stops diarrhea. Medicinal opiates were freely available in the United States and Europe in the 19th cent., and the number of addicted people surged as a result.

History

The medicinal properties of opium have been known from the earliest times, and it was used as a narcotic in Sumerian and European cultures at least as early as 4000 B.C. The drug was introduced into India by the Muslims and its use spread to China. Early in the 19th cent., against Chinese prohibitions, British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain, an act that set the stage for the Opium WarsOpium Wars,
1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars between China and Western countries that marked the shift of wealth and power from East to West. The first was between Great Britain and China. Early in the 19th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. . Chinese emigrants to the United States, who were employed to build the transcontinental railroad, brought the opium-smoking habit to the West Coast.

During the 19th cent. opium was grown in the United States as well as imported. Besides indiscriminate medical use, opiates were available in the United States in myriad tonics and patent medicines, and smoking in opium dens was unhindered, resulting in an epidemic of opiate addiction by the late 1800s. The generous use of morphine in treating wounded soldiers during the Civil WarCivil War,
in U.S. history, conflict (1861–65) between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy.
..... Click the link for more information.  also produced many addicts.

Importation of opium by Chinese nationals was prohibited in 1887; in 1906 the Pure Food and Drug Act required accurate labeling of patent medicines. The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914 taxed and regulated the sale of narcotics and prohibited giving maintenance doses to addicts who made no effort to recover, leading to the arrest of some physicians and the closing of maintenance-treatment clinics. Since then, numerous laws attempting to regulate importation, availability, use, and treatment have been passed, and the concern with opium addiction per se has largely been replaced by concern with heroin, cocainecocaine
, alkaloid drug derived from the leaves of the coca shrub. A commonly abused illegal drug, cocaine has limited medical uses, most often in surgical applications that take advantage of the fact that, in addition to its anesthetic effect, it constricts small arteries,
..... Click the link for more information. , marijuanamarijuana
or marihuana,
drug obtained from the flowering tops, stems, and leaves of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa (see hemp) or C. indica; the latter species can withstand colder climates.
..... Click the link for more information. , and other illegal drugs.

Large quantities of opium are still grown, some for legitimate use, on opium poppy farms in Southwest Asia (primarily Afghanistan and Pakistan), Southeast Asia (the "Golden Triangle," primarily in Myanmar), and Latin America (primarily Colombia); the vast majority of the world's opium is currently produced in Afghanistan. The opium gum may be crudely refined and smoked (e.g., "brown sugar") or converted to morphine and heroin. Growers usually make more for opium than for other crops, and the cultivation and refining employ hundreds of thousands of people, but the real profits go to the drug traffickers. It is estimated that the street price for heroin is 153 to 183 times that of the opium bought from the farmer. Despite laws and agreements to control its use, a worldwide illicit opium traffic persists.

See also drug addiction and drug abusedrug addiction and drug abuse,
chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for other than medically warranted purposes. Traditional definitions of addiction, with their criteria of physical dependence and withdrawal (and often an underlying
..... Click the link for more information. .

Bibliography

See publications of the Drugs & Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, the Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, and the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information; M. Booth, Opium: A History (1996); P.-A. Chouvy, Opium: Uncovering the Politics of the Poppy (2010).

Opium

 

the air-dried milky juice obtained from incisions in the unripe capsules of the opium poppy. Opium is an analgesic containing about 20 alkaloids—derivatives of phenanthrene (codeine and morphine) and isoquinoline. The pharmacological properties are determined mainly by the morphine, which constitutes about 10 percent of opium’s total content. The use of opium, as of any narcotic, is dangerous because of possible addiction. Opium preparations in the form of powders, dried extracts, and tinctures are used to alleviate peristalsis of the intestine in some cases of diarrhea. Small quantities of opium are used in cough and expectorant preparations.

opium

[′ō·pē·əm] (pharmacology) A narcotic obtained from the unripe capsules of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum); crude extract contains alkaloids such as morphine (5-15%), narcotine (2-8%), and codeine (0.1-2.5%).

opium

the dried juice extracted from the unripe seed capsules of the opium poppy that contains alkaloids such as morphine and codeine: used in medicine as an analgesic

opium


opium

 [o´pe-um] the air-dried milky exudation from unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum and P.album (the opium poppies). It contains some 25 alkaloids, the most important being codeine, morphine (from which heroin" >heroin is derived), noscapine, papaverine, and thebaine" >thebaine, all of which can be used for their narcotic and analgesic effects. Opium is poisonous in large doses; because it is highly addictive, production and cultivation of the poppies is prohibited by most nations by international agreement, and its sale or possession for other than medical uses is strictly prohibited by federal, state, and local laws. See also drug abuse.

o·pi·um

(ō'pē-ŭm), The air-dried milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum (family Papaveraceae) or the variant, P. album. Contains some 20 alkaloids, including morphine, noscapine, codeine, papaverine, and thebaine, about 10% all in varying amounts. Used as an analgesic, hypnotic, and diaphoretic, and for diarrhea and spasmodic conditions. Synonym(s): gum opium, meconium (2) [L. fr. G. opion, poppy-juice]

opium

(ō′pē-əm)n.1. A bitter, yellowish-brown, strongly addictive narcotic drug prepared from the dried latex of unripe pods of the opium poppy and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.2. Something that numbs or stupefies.

opium

Substance abuse A narcotic from Papaver somniferum Pharmacologic effects Inhibits peristalsis–may induce constipation; used to ↓ GI cramps, diarrhea Overdose In excess, respiratory depression. See Heroin, Narcotic.

o·pi·um

(ō'pē-ŭm) The air-dried milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. Contains some 20 alkaloids, including morphine, noscapine, codeine, papaverine, and thebaine. Used as an analgesic, hypnotic, and diaphoretic, and for diarrhea and spasmodic conditions. [L. fr. G. opion, poppy-juice]

o·pi·um

(ō'pē-ŭm) The air-dried milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum or the variant, P. album; used as an analgesic, hypnotic, and diaphoretic, and to treat diarrhea and spasmodic conditions. [L. fr. G. opion, poppy-juice]

OPIUM


AcronymDefinition
OPIUM➣Oscar Password Installer and User Management
OPIUM➣Optimal Package Install/Uninstall Manager
OPIUM➣Operational Project for Integrated Urban Management (EU)
See FM-Operator Type M

opium


Related to opium: laudanum
  • noun

Words related to opium

noun an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy

Related Words

  • controlled substance
  • narcotic
  • opiate
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更新时间：2024/9/24 8:36:50