Moltke, Helmuth Johannes Ludwig, Graf von

Moltke, Helmuth Johannes Ludwig, Graf von

(hĕl`mo͞ot yōhä`nəs lo͞ot`vĭkh gräf fən môlt`kə), 1848–1916, German army officer. He fought in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) and became adjutant to his uncle, Field Marshal H. K. B. von MoltkeMoltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard, Graf von,
1800–1891, Prussian field marshal. Following his graduation from the Royal Military Academy of Denmark, he entered the Danish service, but resigned his commission in 1822 to join the Prussian army.
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, in 1882. A favorite of Emperor William II, he succeeded Alfred von SchlieffenSchlieffen, Alfred, Graf von
, 1833–1913, German field marshal and strategist. In the tradition of the Prussian officer corps, Schlieffen was a professional soldier who considered political questions beyond his responsibility.
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 as chief of general staff in 1906. Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, Moltke modified his predecessor's famous plan by withdrawing several divisions from the right wing of the potential Western front, in order to reinforce the left. This revision weakened the initial attack on France when war broke out. On Sept. 14, 1914, Moltke was succeeded as chief of staff by General Erich von FalkenhaynFalkenhayn, Erich von
, 1861–1922, German military officer. Minister of war from 1906 to 1915, he succeeded (1914) Moltke as chief of the German general staff. He was successful on the Eastern front during World War I, but after the disaster at Verdun (1916) he was
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.