norfloxacin

[nor-flok´sah-sin] a broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent effective against penicillin-resistant gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

norfloxacin

Noroxin, Utinor (UK)

Pharmacologic class: Fluoroquinolone

Therapeutic class: Anti-infective

Pregnancy risk category C

FDA Box Warning

Fluoroquinolones for systemic use are associated with an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages. This risk is further increased in patients usually over age 60, with concomitant use of corticosteroids, and in kidney, heart, and lung transplant recipients.

Drug may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. Avoid use in patients with known history of myasthenia gravis.

Action

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase in susceptible gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Availability

Tablets: 400 mg

Indications and dosages

➣ Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis

Adults: 400 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 3 days

➣ UTIs caused by all organisms except E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis

Adults: 400 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 10 days. For complicated UTIs, may give for up to 21 days.

➣ Gonorrhea

Adults: 800 mg P.O. as a single dose

➣ Prostatitis caused by E. coli

Adults: 400 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 28 days

Dosage adjustment

• Renal impairment

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug

• History of tendinitis or tendon rupture with fluoroquinolone use

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• CNS diseases or disorders, renal impairment, cirrhosis, bradycardia, acute myocardial ischemia

• known history of myasthenia gravis (avoid use)

• elderly patients

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients (safety not established except in postex-posure inhalation or cutaneous anthrax).

• children younger than age 18.

Administration

• Give with glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.

• Don't give antacids within 2 hours of norfloxacin.

Adverse reactions

CNS: dizziness, light-headedness, drowsiness, headache, asthenia, insomnia, agitation, confusion, acute psychoses, hallucinations, tremors, increased intracranial pressure, seizures

CV: vasodilation, QT prolongation, arrhythmias

GI: nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, pseudomembranous colitis

GU: interstitial cystitis, vaginitis

Hematologic: leukopenia

Hepatic: hepatitis

Metabolic: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia

Musculoskeletal: tendinitis, tendon rupture

Skin: rash, hyperhidrosis, photosensi-tivity, phototoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Other: altered taste, myasthenia gravis exacerbation, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis

Interactions

Drug-drug. Antacids, bismuth, iron salts, subsalicylate, sucralfate, zinc salts: decreased norfloxacin absorption

Antineoplastics: decreased norfloxacin blood level

Cimetidine: interference with norfloxacin elimination

Corticosteroids: increased risk of tendon rupture

Nitrofurantoin: antagonism of norfloxacin's antibacterial effects in GU tract

Other fluoroquinolones: increased risk of nephrotoxicity

Probenecid: decreased renal elimination of norfloxacin

Theophylline: increased theophylline blood level, greater risk of toxicity

Warfarin: increased anticoagulant effect

Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, eosino-phils, lactate dehydrogenase, platelets: increased levels

Hemoglobin, hematocrit: decreased values

Drug-food. Caffeine: decreased hepatic metabolism of caffeine

Milk or yogurt (consumed alone): impaired drug absorption

Tube feedings: impaired drug absorption

Drug-herbs. Dong quai, St. John's wort: phototoxicity

Fennel: decreased drug absorption

Drug-behaviors. Sun exposure: phototoxicity

Patient monitoring

• Monitor vital signs and cardiovascular status.

• Check fluid intake and output. Keep patient well-hydrated.

Watch for signs and symptoms of tendinitis or tendon rupture.

• Assess patient's response to therapy. Obtain specimens for repeat culture and sensitivity tests if he relapses or doesn't improve.

• Monitor renal function.

Patient teaching

• Tell patient to take on empty stomach with full glass of water, 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.

• If patient needs antacid for GI upset, instruct him not to take it within 2 hours of norfloxacin.

Advise patient to stop taking drug and promptly report rash; severe GI problems; tendon pain, swelling, or inflammation; or weakness.

• Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness.

• Teach patient ways to counteract photosensitivity, such as by wearing sunglasses and avoiding excessive exposure to bright light.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above.

norfloxacin

(nôr-flŏk′sə-sĭn)n. An oral antibiotic, C₂₀H₂₄N₅O₄, of the fluoroquinolone class.

norfloxacin

Antibiotics A broad-spectrum–gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci–fluoroquinolone with limited activity against streptococci and anaerobes. See Fluoroquinolone.

norfloxacin

A quinolone antibacterial drug used to treat urinary tract infections. A brand name is Utinor.

antibiotic

1. Pertaining to the ability to destroy or inhibit other living organisms. 2. A substance derived from a mould or bacterium, or produced synthetically, that destroys (bactericidal) or inhibits the growth (bacteriostatic) of other microorganisms and is thus used to treat infections. Some substances have a narrow spectrum of activity whereas others act against a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (broad-spectrum antibiotics). Antibiotics can be classified into several groups according to their mode of action on or within bacteria: (1) Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, such as bacitracin, vancomycin and the β-lactams based agents (e.g. penicillin, cephalosporins (e.g. ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime). (2) Drugs affecting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, such as polymyxin B sulfate and gramicidin. (3) Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, such as aminoglycosides (e.g. amikacin sulfate, framycetin sulfate, gentamicin, neomycin sulfate and tobramycin), tetracyclines, macrolides (e.g. erythromycin and azithromycin) and chloramphenicol. (4) Drugs inhibiting the intermediate metabolism of bacteria, such as sulfonamides (e.g. sulfacetamide sodium) and trimethoprim. (5) Drugs inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, such as nalixidic acid and fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin). (6) Other antibiotics such as fusidic acid, the diamidines, such as propamidine isethionate and dibrompropamidine. Syn. antibacterial. See antiinflammatory drug; fusidic acid.

单词	norfloxacin
释义	norfloxacin nor·flox·a·cin N5171950 (nôr-flŏk′sə-sĭn)n. An oral antibiotic, C₂₀H₂₄N₅O₄, of the fluoroquinolone class. [nor- + -floxacin, fluoroquinolone suff.; see ciprofloxacin.] Translations EncyclopediaSeeantibiotic norfloxacin norfloxacin [nor-flok´sah-sin] a broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent effective against penicillin-resistant gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. norfloxacin Noroxin, Utinor (UK) *Pharmacologic class:* Fluoroquinolone *Therapeutic class:* Anti-infective *Pregnancy risk category C* FDA Box Warning Fluoroquinolones for systemic use are associated with an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages. This risk is further increased in patients usually over age 60, with concomitant use of corticosteroids, and in kidney, heart, and lung transplant recipients. Drug may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. Avoid use in patients with known history of myasthenia gravis. Action Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase in susceptible gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria Availability Tablets: 400 mg Indications and dosages ➣ Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis Adults: 400 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 3 days ➣ UTIs caused by all organisms except E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis Adults: 400 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 10 days. For complicated UTIs, may give for up to 21 days. ➣ Gonorrhea Adults: 800 mg P.O. as a single dose ➣ Prostatitis caused by E. coli Adults: 400 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 28 days Dosage adjustment • Renal impairment Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug • History of tendinitis or tendon rupture with fluoroquinolone use Precautions Use cautiously in: • CNS diseases or disorders, renal impairment, cirrhosis, bradycardia, acute myocardial ischemia • known history of myasthenia gravis (avoid use) • elderly patients • pregnant or breastfeeding patients (safety not established except in postex-posure inhalation or cutaneous anthrax). • children younger than age 18. Administration • Give with glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. • Don't give antacids within 2 hours of norfloxacin. Adverse reactions CNS: dizziness, light-headedness, drowsiness, headache, asthenia, insomnia, agitation, confusion, acute psychoses, hallucinations, tremors, increased intracranial pressure, seizures CV: vasodilation, QT prolongation, arrhythmias GI: nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, pseudomembranous colitis GU: interstitial cystitis, vaginitis Hematologic: leukopenia Hepatic: hepatitis Metabolic: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia Musculoskeletal: tendinitis, tendon rupture Skin: rash, hyperhidrosis, photosensi-tivity, phototoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Other: altered taste, myasthenia gravis exacerbation, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis Interactions Drug-drug. Antacids, bismuth, iron salts, subsalicylate, sucralfate, zinc salts: decreased norfloxacin absorption Antineoplastics: decreased norfloxacin blood level Cimetidine: interference with norfloxacin elimination Corticosteroids: increased risk of tendon rupture Nitrofurantoin: antagonism of norfloxacin's antibacterial effects in GU tract Other fluoroquinolones: increased risk of nephrotoxicity Probenecid: decreased renal elimination of norfloxacin Theophylline: increased theophylline blood level, greater risk of toxicity Warfarin: increased anticoagulant effect Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, eosino-phils, lactate dehydrogenase, platelets: increased levels Hemoglobin, hematocrit: decreased values Drug-food. Caffeine: decreased hepatic metabolism of caffeine Milk or yogurt (consumed alone): impaired drug absorption Tube feedings: impaired drug absorption Drug-herbs. Dong quai, St. John's wort: phototoxicity Fennel: decreased drug absorption Drug-behaviors. Sun exposure: phototoxicity Patient monitoring • Monitor vital signs and cardiovascular status. • Check fluid intake and output. Keep patient well-hydrated. Watch for signs and symptoms of tendinitis or tendon rupture. • Assess patient's response to therapy. Obtain specimens for repeat culture and sensitivity tests if he relapses or doesn't improve. • Monitor renal function. Patient teaching • Tell patient to take on empty stomach with full glass of water, 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. • If patient needs antacid for GI upset, instruct him not to take it within 2 hours of norfloxacin. Advise patient to stop taking drug and promptly report rash; severe GI problems; tendon pain, swelling, or inflammation; or weakness. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness. • Teach patient ways to counteract photosensitivity, such as by wearing sunglasses and avoiding excessive exposure to bright light. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above. norfloxacin (nôr-flŏk′sə-sĭn)n. An oral antibiotic, C₂₀H₂₄N₅O₄, of the fluoroquinolone class. norfloxacin Antibiotics A broad-spectrum–gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci–fluoroquinolone with limited activity against streptococci and anaerobes. See Fluoroquinolone. norfloxacin A quinolone antibacterial drug used to treat urinary tract infections. A brand name is Utinor. antibiotic 1. Pertaining to the ability to destroy or inhibit other living organisms. 2. A substance derived from a mould or bacterium, or produced synthetically, that destroys (bactericidal) or inhibits the growth (bacteriostatic) of other microorganisms and is thus used to treat infections. Some substances have a narrow spectrum of activity whereas others act against a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (broad-spectrum antibiotics). Antibiotics can be classified into several groups according to their mode of action on or within bacteria: (1) Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, such as bacitracin, vancomycin and the β-lactams based agents (e.g. penicillin, cephalosporins (e.g. ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime). (2) Drugs affecting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, such as polymyxin B sulfate and gramicidin. (3) Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, such as aminoglycosides (e.g. amikacin sulfate, framycetin sulfate, gentamicin, neomycin sulfate and tobramycin), tetracyclines, macrolides (e.g. erythromycin and azithromycin) and chloramphenicol. (4) Drugs inhibiting the intermediate metabolism of bacteria, such as sulfonamides (e.g. sulfacetamide sodium) and trimethoprim. (5) Drugs inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, such as nalixidic acid and fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin). (6) Other antibiotics such as fusidic acid, the diamidines, such as propamidine isethionate and dibrompropamidine. Syn. antibacterial. See antiinflammatory drug; fusidic acid.
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norfloxacin

nor·flox·a·cin

norfloxacin

norfloxacin

norfloxacin

FDA Box Warning

Action

Availability

Indications and dosages

Dosage adjustment

Contraindications

Precautions

Administration

Adverse reactions

Interactions

Patient monitoring

Patient teaching

norfloxacin

norfloxacin

norfloxacin

antibiotic