| 单词 | lovastatin | |||
| 释义 | lovastatinenUKlo·va·stat·inL0262350 (lō′və-stăt′n)lovastatin(ˌləʊvəˈstætɪn)lo•va•stat•in(ˌloʊ vəˈstæt n)n.
lovastatinenUKlovastatin[lo´vah-stat″in]lovastatinPharmacologic class: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Therapeutic class: Antihyperlipidemic Pregnancy risk category X ActionInhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme crucial to cholesterol synthesis. Decreases total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and increases high-density lipoprotein level. AvailabilityTablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg Tablets (extended-release): 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg Indications and dosages➣ To reduce LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein B levels Adults: Initially, 20 mg P.O. daily. May be increased, as needed, at 4-week intervals to a maximum of 80 mg/day as a single dose or in divided doses. Or 20 mg P.O. (extended-release) daily. May be increased, as needed, at 4-week intervals to a maximum daily dosage of 60 mg. ➣ Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in boys and postmenarchal girls ages 10 and older who have high LDL and cholesterol levels despite adequate trial of diet therapy Adolescents ages 10 to 17: 10 to 40 mg P.O. daily, with adjustments made at 4-week intervals Dosage adjustment• Severe renal insufficiency Off-label uses• High-risk patients with diabetic dyslipidemia, familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, or nephrotic hyperlipidemia Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug, its components, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors • Active hepatic disease or unexplained persistent hepatic enzyme elevation • Concurrent gemfibrozil or azole antifungal therapy • Pregnancy or breastfeeding PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • cerebral arteriosclerosis, heart disease, renal impairment, severe acute infection, severe hypotension or hypertension, uncontrolled seizures, myopathy, visual disturbances, major surgery, trauma, alcoholism • severe metabolic, endocrine, or electrolyte problems • women of childbearing age • children. Administration• Give daily dose with evening meal. • Increase dosage at intervals of 4 weeks or longer, as ordered. • Don't give with grapefruit juice (may increase drug blood level). See Discontinue if alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level exceeds three times the upper limit of normal.  Adverse reactionsCNS: headache, dizziness, asthenia EENT: blurred vision, eye irritation GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain or cramps, dyspepsia, flatulence Hepatic: hepatotoxicity Musculoskeletal: myalgia, cramps, rhabdomyolysis Skin: pruritus, rash, photosensitivity Other: hypersensitivity reaction InteractionsDrug-drug. Azole antifungals, cyclosporine, erythromycin, folic acid derivatives, gemfibrozil, niacin: increased risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis Bile acid sequestrants: decreased lovastatin blood level Isradipine: increased lovastatin clearance Warfarin: increased prothrombin time, bleeding Drug-diagnostic tests. ALT, AST: increased levels Drug-food. Grapefruit juice: increased lovastatin blood level Drug-herbs. Red yeast rice: increased risk of adverse reactions Chaparral, comfrey, germander, jin bu huan, kava, pennyroyal, St. John's wort: increased risk of hepatotoxicity Patient monitoring• Obtain liver function tests before starting therapy, 6 and 12 weeks after therapy begins or dosage is increased, and periodically thereafter. Patient teaching• Tell patient to take immediate-release tablets with evening meal or extended-release tablets at bedtime. • Instruct patient not to break, crush, or chew extended-release tablets. • Emphasize importance of cholesterol-lowering diet and other therapies, such as exercise and weight control. See Instruct patient to report unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, as well as signs or symptoms of hepatotoxicity (fever, malaise, abdominal pain, yellowing of skin or eyes, clay-colored stools, or tea-colored urine). See Advise patient to contact prescriber immediately if she is breastfeeding or suspects pregnancy. • Tell patient not to use herbs without consulting prescriber. • Inform patient that drug may cause photosensitivity. Caution him to avoid excessive sun or heat lamp light. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, and herbs mentioned above. lovastatin(lō′və-stăt′n)lovastatinMevacor® Cardiology A lipid-lowering agent used to manage hypercholesterolemia and other dyslipidemias including primary mixed and primary moderate hyperlipidemias, diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia of nephrotic syndrome in healthy volunteers, ↓ LDL-C by 35%, apoB by 25%, VLDL-C and IDL-C by 30-40%, ↑ HDL-C by 7% Lab ↓ Total cholesterol, ↓ LDL-C, ↓ TGs, ↑ HDL-C. See Statin. Cf Cholesterol-lowering drugs, Gemfibrozil, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors.lovastatinenUK
Synonyms for lovastatin
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