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单词 marburg virus disease
释义 DictionarySeeMarburg disease

Marburg virus disease


Marburg virus disease,

formerly known as

Marburg virus hemorrhagic fever,

disease caused by infection with a Marburg virus, a filovirus that belongs to a family (Filoviridae) of RNA viruses that also includes Ebola virus. Like Ebola, Marburg virus is found in Africa and rarely infects humans, but can cause outbreaks with high mortality rates (roughly 20% to 90%) when it does.

The virus incubates for 2 to 21 days before an infected person develops a high fever, chills, severe headache, and muscle aches, followed after several days by severe diarrhea, abdominal pains, nausea and vomiting; a nonitchy rash on the chest, stomach, and back may also be present. Many patients subsequently develop severe hemorrhaging accompanied by multiorgan dysfunction, delirium and confusion, irritabilty, and shock. Patients are given supportive care; there is no treatment or vaccine for the virus. The virus may persist for some time in survivors of the disease inside the eye, in the testicles and semen in men, in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetus in pregnant women, and in breast milk in breastfeeding women.

An outbreak typically begins with a person who has worked in or visited mines and caves where the African fruit batfruit bat,
fruit-eating bat found in tropical regions of the Old World. It is relatively large and differs from other bats in the possession of an independent, clawed second digit; it also depends on sight rather than echo-location in maintaining orientation.
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 (Rousettus aegyptiacus), which is believed to be the host for the virus, is found. Human-to-human transmission subsequently most commonly occurs when inadequate precautions have been observed by an infected person's caregivers, as the disease can be acquired from contact with bodily fluids or with contaminated clothing, bedding, surfaces, and the like.

Marburg virus disease was first diagnosed in 1967 in Germany and Serbia (then part of Yugoslavia) when researchers working with infected African green monkeys became infected themselves; the disease then spread to family members and medical personnel. It is unclear if animals other than African fruit bats and nonhuman primates can transmit the virus to humans. Subsequent cases and outbreaks have occurred or originated in sub-Saharan Africa.

Marburg virus disease


Marburg virus disease

 [mahr´boork] a severe, often fatal, type of hemorrhagic fever first reported in Marburg, Germany, among laboratory workers exposed to African green monkeys.

Mar·burg dis·ease

infection with an unusual rhabdovirus composed of RNA and lipid, tentatively assigned to the family of Filoviridae. Virus is "pantropic" and affects most organ systems. The disease, characterized by a prominent rash and hemorrhages in many organs, is often fatal. First seen among laboratory workers in Marburg, Germany, exposed to African green monkeys. Some interhuman spread has been observed. Attempts to isolate virus should be done only in high-security laboratories. Synonym(s): Marburg virus disease
A rare viral haemorrhagic fever which occurs in miniclusters in Europe and Africa following direct contact with monkey tissue, blood or human serum infected with the Marburg virus.
Incubation 5-9 days; otherwise like Argentine or Bolivian hemorrhagic fever—headaches, fever, diarrhoea, myalgias, rash, pharyngitis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, renal failure
Mortality 7 of the 31 original Marburg cohort died

Mar·burg dis·ease

(mahr'bĕrg di-zēz') Infection caused by a virus of the order Mononegavirales and the family Filoviridae and of the genus Marburg. The virus is "pantropic" and affects most organ systems. The disease is characterized by a prominent rash and hemorrhages in many organs and is often fatal. It was first seen in Marburg, Germany in 1967, among laboratory workers exposed to African green monkeys. Some person-to-person spread has been observed. Attempts to isolate the virus should be done only in high-security laboratories.
See also: Marburg virus
Synonym(s): Marburg virus disease.
ThesaurusSeeMarburg virus
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