opposition

resistance; antagonism or hostility; those opposing or protesting something or someone: The opposition is getting more votes.
Not to be confused with:apposition – placing together or bringing into proximity; juxtaposition; the addition of one thing to another thing: The new parking structure was built in apposition to the library. In grammar, a syntactic relation between expressions having the same function and relation to other elements in the sentence, with the second expression identifying the first: John, my old boyfriend, showed up at my wedding. The phrase, my old boyfriend, is in apposition with John.

op·po·si·tion

O0098800 (ŏp′ə-zĭsh′ən)n.1. a. The act of opposing or resisting.b. The condition of being in conflict; antagonism: "The history of men's opposition to women's emancipation is more interesting perhaps than the story of that emancipation itself" (Virginia Woolf).2. Placement opposite to or in contrast with another.3. Something that serves as an obstacle.4. often Opposition A political party or an organized group opposed to the group, party, or government in power.5. Astronomy a. The position of two celestial objects when their longitude differs by 180°, especially a configuration in which the sun and a superior planet or the moon are on opposite sides of Earth.b. The position of the superior planet or the moon in this configuration.6. Logic The relation existing between two propositions having an identical subject and predicate but differing in quantity, quality, or both.7. Linguistics Contrast in a language between two phonemes or other linguistically important elements.

op′po·si′tion·al adj.

opposition

(ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən) n1. the act of opposing or the state of being opposed2. hostility, unfriendliness, or antagonism3. a person or group antagonistic or opposite in aims to another4. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a. the opposition a political party or group opposed to the ruling party or governmentb. (capital as part of a name, esp in Britain and other Commonwealth countries): Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. c. in opposition (of a political party) opposing the government5. a position facing or opposite another6. the act of placing something facing or opposite something else7. something that acts as an obstacle to some course or progress8. (Astronomy) astronomy a. the position of an outer planet or the moon when it is in line or nearly in line with the earth as seen from the sun and is approximately at its nearest to the earthb. the position of two celestial bodies when they appear to be diametrically opposite each other on the celestial sphere. Compare conjunction⁴9. (Astrology) astrology an exact aspect of 180° between two planets, etc, an orb of 8° being allowed. See conjunction⁵, square¹⁰, trine¹10. (Logic) logic a. the relation between propositions having the same subject and predicate but differing in quality, quantity, or both, as with all men are wicked; no men are wicked; some men are not wickedb. square of opposition a diagram representing these relations with the contradictory propositions at diagonally opposite corners11. (Chess & Draughts) the opposition chess a relative position of the kings in the endgame such that the player who has the move is at a disadvantage: his opponent has the opposition. ˌoppoˈsitional adj ˌoppoˈsitionist n ˌoppoˈsitionless adj

op•po•si•tion

(ˌɒp əˈzɪʃ ən)

n. 1. the action of opposing, resisting, or combating. 2. antagonism or hostility. 3. a person or group of people opposing, criticizing, or protesting something, someone, or another group. 4. (sometimes cap.) the major political party opposed to the party in power and seeking to replace it. 5. the act of placing opposite, or the state or position of being placed opposite. 6. the act of opposing, or the state of being opposed by way of comparison or contrast. 7. the relation between two propositions in logic that have the same subject and predicate, but which differ in quantity or quality, or in both. 8. the situation of two heavenly bodies when their longitudes or right ascensions differ by 180°: The moon is in opposition to the sun when the earth is directly between them. 9. the relationship between two alternative units within a linguistic system. [1350–1400; Middle English < Old French < Latin] op`po•si′tion•al, adj.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	opposition - the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; "he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens"; "despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead"resistanceaction - something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions"lockout - a management action resisting employee's demands; employees are barred from entering the workplace until they agree to termsreaction - doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you don't like; "his style of painting was a reaction against cubism"anti-takeover defense - resistance to or defense against a hostile takeover
	2.	opposition - the relation between opposed entitiesoppositenessrelation - an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts togetherantipode - direct opposite; "quiet: an antipode to focused busyness"antithesis - exact opposite; "his theory is the antithesis of mine"conflict - opposition in a work of drama or fiction between characters or forces (especially an opposition that motivates the development of the plot); "this form of conflict is essential to Mann's writing"contrast, direct contrast - the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; "in contrast to", "by contrast"flip side - a different aspect of something (especially the opposite aspect); "the flip side of your positive qualities sometimes get out of control"; "on the flip side of partnerships he talked about their competition"mutual opposition, polarity - a relation between two opposite attributes or tendencies; "he viewed it as a balanced polarity between good and evil"gradable opposition - an opposition that is capable of being gradedpolarity, sign - having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges); "he got the polarity of the battery reversed"; "charges of opposite sign"ungradable opposition - an opposition that has no intermediate grade; either one or the othercontradictoriness - the relation that exists when opposites cannot coexistcontradiction - opposition between two conflicting forces or ideascontrary - exact opposition; "public opinion to the contrary he is not guilty"contrariety - the relation between contrariestertium quid - some third thing similar to two opposites but distinct from bothcontrary, reverse, opposite - a relation of direct opposition; "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true"inverse, opposite - something inverted in sequence or character or effect; "when the direct approach failed he tried the inverse"antagonism - the relation between opposing principles or forces or factors; "the inherent antagonism of capitalism and socialism"
	3.	opposition - the act of hostile groups opposing each other; "the government was not ready for a confrontation with the unions"; "the invaders encountered stiff opposition"confrontationstrikebreaking - confrontational activities intended to break up a strike by workersresistance - group action in opposition to those in power
	4.	opposition - a contestant that you are matched againstopponent, oppositecontestant - a person who participates in competitions
	5.	opposition - a body of people united in opposing somethingbody - a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; "the whole body filed out of the auditorium"; "the student body"; "administrative body"INC, Iraqi National Congress - a heterogeneous collection of groups united in their opposition to Saddam Hussein's government of Iraq; formed in 1992 it is comprised of Sunni and Shiite Arabs and Kurds who hope to build a new government
	6.	opposition - a direction opposite to anotherdirection - the spatial relation between something and the course along which it points or moves; "he checked the direction and velocity of the wind"orthogonal opposition, orthogonality, perpendicularity - the relation of opposition between things at right anglesantipodal, antipodal opposition, diametrical opposition - the relation of opposition along a diameterenantiomorphism, mirror-image relation - the relation of opposition between crystals or molecules that are reflections of one another
	7.	opposition - an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force); "a soldier must be prepared to kill his enemies"foe, foeman, enemyenemy - an opposing military force; "the enemy attacked at dawn"armed forces, armed services, military, military machine, war machine - the military forces of a nation; "their military is the largest in the region"; "the military machine is the same one we faced in 1991 but now it is weaker"adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister, opponent - someone who offers oppositionbesieger - an enemy who lays siege to your position
	8.	Opposition - the major political party opposed to the party in office and prepared to replace it if elected; "Her Majesty's loyal opposition"party, political party - an organization to gain political power; "in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level"

opposition

noun1. hostility, resistance, resentment, disapproval, obstruction, animosity, aversion, antagonism, antipathy, obstructiveness, counteraction, contrariety Much of the opposition to this plan has come from the media.
hostility agreement, approval, support, cooperation, collaboration, assent, responsiveness, concurrence2. opponent(s), competition, rival(s), enemy, competitor(s), other side, challenger(s), foe, contestant(s), antagonist(s) The team inflicted a crushing defeat on the opposition.

opposition

noun1. The act of resisting:renitence, renitency, resistance.2. The condition of being in conflict:antagonism, antithesis, contradiction, contradistinction, contraposition, contrariety, contrariness, polarity.3. One that opposes another in a battle, contest, controversy, or debate:adversary, antagonist, opponent, opposer, oppositionist, resister.

Translations

反对派反抗对手敌手竞争者

opposition

(opəˈziʃən) noun1. the act of resisting or fighting against by force or argument. There is a lot of opposition to his ideas. 反对，反抗 2. the people who are fighting or competing against. In war and business, one should always get to know one's opposition. 反对派，对手，敌手，竞争者

opposition

→ 反对派zhCN

opposition

opposition,

in astronomy, alignment of two celestial bodies on opposite sides of the sky as viewed from earth. Opposition of the moon or planets is often determined in reference to the sun. Only the superior planets, whose orbits lie outside that of the earth, can be in opposition to the sun. When a planet is in opposition to the sun, its elongationelongation,
in astronomy, the angular distance between two points in the sky as measured from a third point. The elongation of a planet is usually measured as the angular distance from the sun to the planet as measured from the earth.
..... Click the link for more information. is 180°, it exhibits retrograde motionretrograde motion,
in astronomy, real or apparent movement of a planet, dwarf planet, moon, asteroid, or comet from east to west relative to the fixed stars. The most common direction of motion in the solar system, both for orbital revolution and axial rotation, is from west to
..... Click the link for more information. , and its phasephase,
in astronomy, the measure of how much of the illuminated surface of a planet or satellite can be seen from a point at a distance from that body; the term is most often used to describe the moon as seen from the earth.
..... Click the link for more information. is full. This is a good time to observe a planet, since it rises when the sun sets and is visible throughout the night, setting as the sun rises.

opposition

(op-ŏ-zish -ŏn) The moment at which a body in the Solar System has a celestial longitude differing from that of the Sun by 180°, so that it lies opposite the Sun in the sky and crosses the meridian at about midnight (see elongation). The term also applies to the alignment of the two bodies at this moment. Although the inferior planets cannot come to opposition, it is the most favorable time for observation of the other planets because they are then observable throughout the night and are near their closest point for that apparition. See also synodic period.

Opposition

The state or position of being placed opposite another or of lying in corresponding positions from an intervening space or object.

Opposition

(religion, spiritualism, and occult)

An opposition is an aspect of 180° between two points—e.g., between two planets—in an astrological chart. An opposition is a major aspect, regarded as challenging and inharmonious. It is sometimes referred to as the aspect of separation. It is difficult, but not as difficult as a square, partially because a 180° angle carries overtones of a polar relationship. By way of contrast to a square, which tends more to signify inner conflicts, an opposition indicates conflicts between internal and external factors. People with a Mars-Saturn opposition, for example, might regularly attract people into their lives whose impulsive, aggressive behavior (Mars) disrupts their sense of security (Saturn).

Sources:

Gettings, Fred. Dictionary of Astrology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.Hand, Robert. Horoscope Symbols. Rockport, MA: Para Research, 1981.

Opposition

in linguistics, one of the fundamental ideas of the structural-functional school, which views language as a system of mutually opposed elements.

Opposition is usually defined as the linguistically significant (fulfilling a semantic function) difference between units on the level of expression, corresponding to the difference between units on the level of content, and vice versa. In this sense it is possible to speak of the phonological opposition between the Russian phonemes ǀ k ǀ and ǀ r ǀ: the words kot, “tomcat,” and rot, “mouth,” differ not only in phonation but also in meaning. Similarly, one may speak of semantic opposition between the singular and the plural, since, for example, there is a difference in both content and form between the forms stola (genitive singular of stol, “table”) and stolov (genitive plural of stol).

The above definition permits the concept of opposition to be used to express the relations between different linguistic units (different invariants)—oppositional relations—and the relations between phonetically or semantically differing variants of one and the same linguistic unit—nonoppositional relations. Thus, the voiceless back consonants [k] and [x], the first of which is a stop and the second a fricative, are different phonemes in the Russian language: for example, kor’, “measles,” and khor’, “polecat.” On the other hand, the corresponding voiced consonants [g] and [y], which differ phonetically in the same way as [k] and [x], are variants of the same phoneme, since the substitution of one for the other does not result in a change in meaning: bo[γ]atyi is merely a less common pronunciation of bogatyi, “rich.”

Some linguists make a distinction between the concept of opposition (a specific type of paradigmatic relation) and the concept of contrast (that is, a type of syntagmatic relation). The paradigmatic definition of opposed units, which is associated with opposition, consists in establishing those phonetic or semantic features that distinguish the opposed units from each other. Thus, the idea of opposition presupposes the separability of contrasted units into shared elements (“grounds for comparison”) and different elements—distinctive features.

Opposition forms the central concept in the phonological teachings of the Prague school of linguistics, which introduced, in particular, the concept of the neutralization of opposition. As regards phonology, neutralization is defined as the impossibility of the existence, in certain contexts, of opposition between phonemes that are opposed in other positions. For example, in Russian, the opposition between voiceless and voiced consonants, which is active when these consonants are followed by vowels, is neutralized at the end of a word, where voiced consonants are devoiced. An example of the neutralization of semantic opposition is the removal of the opposition between perfective and imperfective verbs when there is negation. For example, ia dol-zhen pozvonit’ bratu, “I must call my brother,” as opposed to mne ne nuzhno zvonit’ bratu, “I don’t need to call my brother.” In this case, the perfective verb pozvonit’, “to call,” is replaced by its imperfective counterpart zvonit’ in the context of negation.

There exists a variety of opinions concerning the nature of opposition; for example, there is disagreement as to whether phonetic and semantic, or significant, oppositions are completely analogous. The question of the obligatory binary nature of opposition is highly controversial. Several linguists have sought to reduce all the types of opposition to the most common (and, undoubtedly, for them the most interesting) type of binomial opposition, in which each member has a a single predictable opposing member. (For example, the phonetic feature of voice-lessness does not exist without voice, or the grammatical meaning of the perfective aspect without the imperfective aspect.) It is obvious that such a specific type of relationship can link only elementary units belonging to a category consisting of only two members. Thus, in a given interpretation, the meaningful factor in opposition is transferred from the phoneme, lexeme, and so on, to the smallest possible component of a corresponding unit: a distinctive phonetic or semantic feature.

REFERENCES

Trubetskoi, N. S. Osnovy fonologii. Moscow, 1960. Chapters 1, 3–5.
Martinet, A. “Osnovy obshchei lingvistiki.” Novoe v lingvistike, fasc. 3. Moscow, 1963.
Bulygina, T. V. “Prazhskaia lingvisticheskaia shkola.” In the collection Osnovnye napravleniia strukturalizma. Moscow, 1964.
Bulygina, T. V. “Grammaticheskie oppozitsii.” In Issledovaniiapo obshchei teorii grammatiki. Moscow, 1968.
Apresian, Iu. D. Idei i metody sovremennoi strukturnoi lingvistiki. Moscow, 1966.
Obshchee iazykoznanie: Vnutrenniaia struktura iazyka. Moscow, 1972. Pages 172–89.
Cantinau, J. “Signifikativnye oppozitsii.” In the collection Printsipy tipologicheskogo analiza iazykov razlichnogo stroia. Moscow, 1972.

T. V. BULYGINA

Opposition

(1) Counteraction, resistance, or juxtaposition of one’s views or one’s policy to another policy or other views.

(2) A party or a group that acts contrary to the opinion of the majority or the dominant opinion. In the capitalist countries, the parliamentary opposition consists of parliamentary parties or groups that do not participate in the formation of the government and that come out against government policy on a number of issues. The intraparty opposition is made up of groupings that come out against certain fundamental policy issues of a party and its leading bodies.

Before the triumph of the socialist revolution and during the period of socialist construction, the objective reason for the appearance of opposition in the Communist Party was the heterogeneity of the social structure of society and of the proletariat itself. The ranks of the party include nonproletarian and petit bourgeois elements, as well as persons who are influenced by or who fall under the influence of nonproletarian classes and strata (anti-Marxist and revisionist currents, respectively) and who objectively become purveyors of bourgeois influence to the proletariat and its party. In the CPSU opportunist groupings developed, opposing the Leninist line with their own, which expressed chiefly the interests and attitudes of the petit bourgeois classes and strata (the Otzovists, Ultimatumists, “Left Communists,” Trotskyites, the Democratic Centralist group, the Workers’ Opposition, the New Opposition, and the Right Deviation in the ACP [Bolshevik]). After the triumph of socialism and the achievement of class homogeneity in society, the objective reasons for the appearance of an opposition in Communist parties cease to exist.

opposition

[‚äp·ə′zish·ən] (astronomy) The situation of two celestial bodies having either celestial longitudes or sidereal hour angles differing by 180°; the term is usually used only in relation to the position of a superior planet or the moon with reference to the sun. (physics) The condition in which the phase difference between two periodic quantities having the same frequency is 180°, corresponding to one half-cycle.

opposition

1. a. a political party or group opposed to the ruling party or government b. in opposition (of a political party) opposing the government 2. Astronomya. the position of an outer planet or the moon when it is in line or nearly in line with the earth as seen from the sun and is approximately at its nearest to the earth b. the position of two celestial bodies when they appear to be diametrically opposite each other on the celestial sphere 3. Astrology an exact aspect of 180? between two planets, etc., an orb of 8? being allowed 4. Logica. the relation between propositions having the same subject and predicate but differing in quality, quantity, or both, as with all men are wicked; no men are wicked; some men are not wicked b. square of opposition a diagram representing these relations with the contradictory propositions at diagonally opposite corners 5. the opposition Chess a relative position of the kings in the endgame such that the player who has the move is at a disadvantage

opposition

opposition

op·po·si·tion

opposition

op•po•si•tion

opposition

opposition

opposition

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opposition

in the teeth of (something)

in opposition (to someone or something)

in opposition (to someone or something)

in oppoˈsition to somebody/something

(do something) in the teeth of danger, opposition, etc.

opposition

opposition,

opposition

Opposition

Opposition

Sources:

Opposition

REFERENCES

Opposition

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opposition

Synonyms for opposition

noun hostility

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Antonyms

noun opponent(s)

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Synonyms for opposition

noun the act of resisting

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noun the condition of being in conflict

Synonyms

noun one that opposes another in a battle, contest, controversy, or debate

Synonyms

Synonyms for opposition

noun the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

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noun the relation between opposed entities

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noun the act of hostile groups opposing each other

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noun a contestant that you are matched against

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noun a body of people united in opposing something

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noun a direction opposite to another

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noun an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

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noun the major political party opposed to the party in office and prepared to replace it if elected

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