lewisite

enUK

lewisite

(lo͞o`əsīt'), liquid chemical compound used as a poison gaspoison gas,
any of various gases sometimes used in warfare or riot control because of their poisonous or corrosive nature. These gases may be roughly grouped according to the portal of entry into the body and their physiological effects.
..... Click the link for more information. . Like mustard gas and nitrogen mustard, it is a blistering agent; when inhaled, it is a powerful respiratory irritant. The absorption of lewisite, which penetrates ordinary clothing and even rubber, through the skin may be fatal. Chemically, lewisite is dichloro-2-chlorovinyl arsine, ClCHCHAsCl₂. It boils with decomposition at 190&degC;, and its vapor has a faint odor of geraniums. Lewisite is neutralized by reaction with British antilewisite (2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanol). It is named after its developer, the American chemist Winford Lee Lewis.

Lewisite

(after the American chemist W. L. Lewis, 1878-1943), ClCH=CHAsCl₂, β-dichloro(2-chlorpvinyl) arsine (αlewisite), a war gas with a toxic (systemic), irritating, vesicant effect. The commercial product contains admixtures of bis (β-chlorovinyl) chloroarsine (ClCH = CH)₂AsCl (βMewisite) and tris (β-chlorovinyl) arsine (ClCH=CH)₃As (γ-lewisite).

A mixture of cis and trans isomers, a-lewisite is characterized by boiling points of 170° and 196°C (melting points, —44 and -1.2°C; density, 1.6092 g/cm³ at 23.5°C). All of these compounds are colorless liquids, insoluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents.

In water, α-lewisite undergoes rapid hydrolysis to form toxic β-chlorovinylarsenic oxide C1CH—CHAsO. With oxidants (H₂O₂, HNO₃), it is converted to β-chlorovinyl arsenic acid C1CH = CHAsO(OH)₂. In the presence of alkalis, a-lewisite readily dissociates to yield acetylene, and c/s-α-lewisite dissociates to yield vinyl chloride.

Lewisite is formed by the reaction of acetylene and AsCl₃ in the presence of AlCl₃, HgCl₂, and other catalysts.

The human body cannot tolerate lewisite concentrations greater than 2.10^-2mg per l, which irritate the upper respiratory passages. The lethal doses are 0.25 mg/per l (15 min) when inhaled and 25 mg per kg when absorbed through the skin. Dimercaptopropanol and its derivatives are effective in the treatment of lewisite-induced affections.

Lewisite was first obtained at the end of World War I (1914-18), but it was never used for military purposes.

REFERENCES

Rukovodstvo po toksikologii otravliaiushchikh veshchestv. Kiev, 1964.
Stepanov, A. A. “Otravliaiushchie veshchestva.” Zhurnal Vsesoiuznogo khimicheskogo obshchestva imeni D. I. Mendeleeva, 1968, vol. 13, no. 6.

R. N. STERLIN

lewisite

[′lü·ə‚sīt] (mineralogy) (Ca,Fe,Na)₂ A titanian romeite mineral. (organic chemistry) C₂H₂ AsCl₃ An oily liquid, colorless to brown or violet; forms a toxic gas, used in World War I.

lewisite

enUK

lew·is·ite

(lū'i-sīt), A toxic gas used in warfare. It is a vesicant, a lung irritant like mustard gas; a systemic poison entering the circulation through the lungs or skin, and a mitotic poison arresting mitosis in the metaphase; dimercaprol is the antidote. [W. Lee Lewis]

An organoarsenic compound developed as a vesicating chemical weapon, and manufactured by the US and Japan; it causes chemical burns or blisters of the skin and mucosa—e.g., conjunctiva, lacrimation, and pulmonary irritation and erosion— and liver necrosis

Lew·i·site

(L) (lū'is-īt) A chemical warfare vesicant (NATO Code L) that contains arsenic; developed near the end of World War I but produced mostly in Russia.

lew·is·ite

(lū'i-sīt) A vesicant toxic gas used in warfare.

单词	lewisite
释义	lewisite enUK lew·is·ite L0142700 (lo͞o′ĭ-sīt′)n. An oily, colorless to violet or brown liquid, C₂H₂AsCl₃, used to make a highly toxic gas weapon. [After Winford Lee Lewis (1878-1943), American chemist.] lewisite (ˈluːɪˌsaɪt) n (Elements & Compounds) a colourless oily poisonous liquid with an odour resembling that of geraniums, having a powerful vesicant action and used as a war gas; 1-chloro-2-dichloroarsinoethene. Formula: ClCH:CHAsCl2[C20: named after W. L. Lewis (1878–1943), US chemist] lew•is•ite (ˈlu əˌsaɪt) n. a pale yellow, odorless compound, C₂H₂AsCl₃, used as a vesicant in World War I. [1920–25; after Winford Lee Lewis (1878–1943), U.S. chemist who developed it; see -ite¹] lewisite enUK lewisite (lo͞o`əsīt'), liquid chemical compound used as a poison gaspoison gas, any of various gases sometimes used in warfare or riot control because of their poisonous or corrosive nature. These gases may be roughly grouped according to the portal of entry into the body and their physiological effects. ..... Click the link for more information. . Like mustard gas and nitrogen mustard, it is a blistering agent; when inhaled, it is a powerful respiratory irritant. The absorption of lewisite, which penetrates ordinary clothing and even rubber, through the skin may be fatal. Chemically, lewisite is dichloro-2-chlorovinyl arsine, ClCHCHAsCl₂. It boils with decomposition at 190&degC;, and its vapor has a faint odor of geraniums. Lewisite is neutralized by reaction with British antilewisite (2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanol). It is named after its developer, the American chemist Winford Lee Lewis. Lewisite (after the American chemist W. L. Lewis, 1878-1943), ClCH=CHAsCl₂, β-dichloro(2-chlorpvinyl) arsine (αlewisite), a war gas with a toxic (systemic), irritating, vesicant effect. The commercial product contains admixtures of bis (β-chlorovinyl) chloroarsine (ClCH = CH)₂AsCl (βMewisite) and tris (β-chlorovinyl) arsine (ClCH=CH)₃As (γ-lewisite). A mixture of cis and trans isomers, a-lewisite is characterized by boiling points of 170° and 196°C (melting points, —44 and -1.2°C; density, 1.6092 g/cm³ at 23.5°C). All of these compounds are colorless liquids, insoluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents. In water, α-lewisite undergoes rapid hydrolysis to form toxic β-chlorovinylarsenic oxide C1CH—CHAsO. With oxidants (H₂O₂, HNO₃), it is converted to β-chlorovinyl arsenic acid C1CH = CHAsO(OH)₂. In the presence of alkalis, a-lewisite readily dissociates to yield acetylene, and c/s-α-lewisite dissociates to yield vinyl chloride. Lewisite is formed by the reaction of acetylene and AsCl₃ in the presence of AlCl₃, HgCl₂, and other catalysts. The human body cannot tolerate lewisite concentrations greater than 2.10^-2mg per l, which irritate the upper respiratory passages. The lethal doses are 0.25 mg/per l (15 min) when inhaled and 25 mg per kg when absorbed through the skin. Dimercaptopropanol and its derivatives are effective in the treatment of lewisite-induced affections. Lewisite was first obtained at the end of World War I (1914-18), but it was never used for military purposes. REFERENCES Rukovodstvo po toksikologii otravliaiushchikh veshchestv. Kiev, 1964. Stepanov, A. A. “Otravliaiushchie veshchestva.” Zhurnal Vsesoiuznogo khimicheskogo obshchestva imeni D. I. Mendeleeva, 1968, vol. 13, no. 6. R. N. STERLIN lewisite [′lü·ə‚sīt] (mineralogy) (Ca,Fe,Na)₂ A titanian romeite mineral. (organic chemistry) C₂H₂ AsCl₃ An oily liquid, colorless to brown or violet; forms a toxic gas, used in World War I. lewisite enUK lew·is·ite (lū'i-sīt), A toxic gas used in warfare. It is a vesicant, a lung irritant like mustard gas; a systemic poison entering the circulation through the lungs or skin, and a mitotic poison arresting mitosis in the metaphase; dimercaprol is the antidote. [W. Lee Lewis] An organoarsenic compound developed as a vesicating chemical weapon, and manufactured by the US and Japan; it causes chemical burns or blisters of the skin and mucosa—e.g., conjunctiva, lacrimation, and pulmonary irritation and erosion— and liver necrosis Lew·i·site (L) (lū'is-īt) A chemical warfare vesicant (NATO Code L) that contains arsenic; developed near the end of World War I but produced mostly in Russia. lew·is·ite (lū'i-sīt) A vesicant toxic gas used in warfare. AcronymsSeeL
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lewisite

lew·is·ite

lewisite

lew•is•ite

lewisite

lewisite

Lewisite

REFERENCES

lewisite

lewisite

lew·is·ite

Lew·i·site

lew·is·ite