Old Sarum
Old Sarum
(sâr`əm), site of a former city, Wiltshire, S England, just N of SalisburySalisburyor New Sarum
, town (1991 pop. 36,890), Wiltshire, S England. A market town, Salisbury was founded in 1220 when the bishopric was moved there from Old Sarum. Squares or "checkers" are characteristic of the regular plan of the town.
..... Click the link for more information. (New Sarum). Excavations and scanning technologies have revealed remains of a British Iron Age fort, the Roman station Sorbiodunum, and a later Saxon then Norman town in the old settlement's mound. The bishopric, moved to Old Sarum from Sherborne in 1075, was transferred to Salisbury in 1220. Old Sarum's cathedral was torn down and parts of it were used in the construction of the cathedral at Salisbury. At Old Sarum the Use of Sarum (or Salisbury), a liturgical variant of the Roman Rite adopted in S England, was compiled.
Old Sarum was an important city until strife between the men of the castle and garrison and the men of the religious institution arose. It was that turmoil which led to the cathedral's removal and eventually to the decay of the old city; water shortage and harsh winds may also have been causes of its decline. Henry VIII ended the use of the castle in 1514. The "rotten borough" of Old Sarum continued to be represented in Parliament until the Reform Bill of 1832 was passed.