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monosomyenUK
mon·o·some M0398800 (mŏn′ə-sōm′)n.1. A chromosome having no homologue, especially an unpaired X chromosome.2. A single ribosome.
mon′o·so′mic (-sō′mĭk) adj.mon′o·so′my n.monosomy (ˈmɒnəˌsəʊmɪ) n (Genetics) genetics the condition of lacking one member of a chromosomal pairingThesaurus| Noun | 1. | monosomy - chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid numberchromosomal aberration, chromosomal anomaly, chromosonal disorder, chrosomal abnormality - any change in the normal structure or number of chromosomes; often results in physical or mental abnormalities |
TranslationsMonosomyenUK
monosomy[′män·ə‚sōm·ē] (genetics) The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing a diploid organism. Monosomy the absence of one chromosome from the complement of a diploid organism. A monosomic is a cell or organism which has a single chromosome of a homologous pair. Monosomy is the result of disruption during the separation of homologous chromosomes. It occurs most often in the sex cells during meiosis but is also possible in the somatic cells during mitosis. For example, individuals suffering from Turner’s syndrome (Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome) are monosomics for the X chromosome. monosomyenUK
monosomy [mon″o-so´me] existence in a cell of only one instead of the normal diploid pair of a particular chromosome, seen in Turner's syndrome," >Turner's syndrome,monosomy 9p− disease, and various other conditions. adj., adj monoso´mic.monosomy 9p− syndrome a rare chromosomal disorder in which a piece of the short arm of the ninth chromosome is broken and often lost. Symptoms include mental retardation, a triangular head with forward angulation of the frontal bone, and various other physical deformities. A support group for more information on this syndrome can be reached at 43304 Kipton Nickel Plate Road, La Grange, OH 44050.mon·o·so·my (mon'ō-sō'mē), Absence of one chromosome of a pair of homologous chromosomes.
See also: chromosomal deletion. [see monosome] monosomy (1) A type of aneuploidy, defined by the formula 2n – 1, where n is the haploid number. (E.g., Turner syndrome or monosomy X.)
(2) The state of having a single chromosome of a particular type; lacking a homologous chromosome (e.g., normal males are monosomic for the X chromosome).monosomy Genetics A type of aneuploidy defined by the formula 2n – 1, where n is the haploid number–eg, Turner syndrome or monosomy X. See Aneuploidy. mon·o·so·my (mon'ō-sō'mē) Absence of one chromosome of a pair of homologous chromosomes. monosomy The absence of one complete AUTOSOMAL chromosome of a pair. This is a lethal condition. Compare TRISOMY as in DOWN'S SYNDROME.chromosome One of the thread-like structures located within the cell nucleus composed of an extremely long, double-stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) helix tightly folded around proteins called histones. Each chromosome carries genes that contain the hereditary material that controls the growth and characteristics of the body. There are 46 chromosomes in each human somatic cell organized in 23 pairs, of which 22 pairs are similar in appearance but differ at the molecular level. They are called autosomal chromosomes or autosomes and are designated by a number (with chromosome 1 being the longest, followed by chromosome 2, etc.). The other pair, the sex chromosomes determines the sex of the individual. In mammals the two sex chromosomes of females are alike (homologous) and are referred to as X chromosomes. Males carry one X chromosome along with a much shorter chromosome, the Y chromosome. Each chromosome has a centromere that divides it into two arms, the short arm 'p' and the long arm 'q'. Disorders of chromosome number in which the number of chromosomes is above or below the normal (46) are called aneuploidy. Common forms of aneuploidy are trisomy in which there is one extra chromosome and monosomy in which there is one less, than the normal 46. They rarely cause specific eye diseases but affected individuals present ocular manifestations. Examples: Down's syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 21), Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18), Turner's syndrome (monosomy 45 XO). There are other chromosome abnormalities such as translocation (one segment of a chromosome is transferred to another chromosome) as may occur in congenital anterior polar cataract, deletion (a loss of a piece of chromosome) as in aniridia, choroideremia, retinoblastoma, etc. Other cases involve damage of a chromosome (e.g. fragile X syndrome). See defective colour vision; gene; mitosis; mutation.monosomyenUK
Related to monosomy: terminal deletion, Partial monosomyWords related to monosomynoun chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid numberRelated Words- chromosomal aberration
- chromosomal anomaly
- chromosonal disorder
- chrosomal abnormality
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