Kozlov, Aleksei Aleksandrovich

Born Feb. 8 (20), 1931, in Moscow; died Feb. 27 (Mar. 12), 1901, in St. Petersburg. Russian idealist philosopher and one of the first exponents of personalism in Russia.

Kozlov graduated from Moscow University in 1854. He turned to philosophy only in the 1870’s, coming under the influence of G. Teichmüller. Kozlov was appointed a docent at the University of Kiev in 1876, becoming a professor there in 1884. He published the first philosophical journals in Russia: Filosofskii Trekhmesiachnik (Philosophical Quarterly, 1885–87, nos. 1–4) and Svoe Slovo (A Personal Word, 1888–98, nos. 1–5). Kozlov called his philosophical views panpsychism, asserting that all things contained a psychical element. According to Kozlov, the world is an infinite plurality of separate spiritual substances that are directly connected with the supreme substance, god. S. Askol’dov was a follower of Kozlov, whose ideas also influenced N. A. Berdiaev, L. M. Lopatin, and N. O. Losskii.