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单词 lp
释义

LP


LP 1

abbr.1. Lower Peninsula2. lumbar puncture

LP 2

L0275100 (ĕl′pē′)n. A long-playing phonograph record.
[Originally a trademark.]

LP

n 1. (Music, other) a. a long-playing gramophone record: usually one 12 inches (30 cm) or 10 inches (25 cm) in diameter, designed to rotate at 33 revolutions per minute. Compare EPb. (as modifier): an LP sleeve. 2. (Film) long play: a slow-recording facility on a VCR which allows twice the length of material to be recorded on a tape from that of standard play

LP

abbreviation for 1. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (in Britain) Lord Provost 2. (General Physics) Also: lp low pressure

LP



pl. LPs, LP's. a phonograph record played at 33? r.p.m.; long-playing record.

L.P.

or l.p.,

low pressure.

Lp(a)

lipoprotein(a).
Thesaurus
Noun1.LP - a long-playing phonograph recordLP - a long-playing phonograph record; designed to be played at 33.3 rpmL-Pphonograph record, phonograph recording, disc, platter, record, disk - sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove

LP

noun album, record his first LP since 1986
Translations
慢转密纹唱片

LP

(ˌel ˈpiː) noun long playing record. 慢轉密紋唱片 慢转密纹唱片

LP


LP

1. a. a long-playing gramophone record: usually one 12 inches (30 cm) or 10 inches (25 cm) in diameter, designed to rotate at 33⅓ revolutions per minute b. (as modifier): an LP sleeve 2. long play: a slow-recording facility on a VCR which allows twice the length of material to be recorded on a tape from that of standard play

LP

On drawings, abbr. for “low pressure.”

LP

(1) (Let's Play) See playthrough.

(2) (Long Play) A vinyl recording of music in analog format that rotates at 33 1/3 RPM (for details of the analog method, see vinyl record). Mono LPs were introduced in the late 1940s, and stereo LPs in 1958. Two-channel stereo was accomplished by creating a V groove with left and right channels at 90 degree angles. The "long" play refers to the slower 33.3 RPM compared to 78 RPM records. The slower rotation increased the recording time per side from five minutes on a 78 to a half hour for the LP. Made of shellac resin, 78 records were brittle and easily breakable, but they were the primary music disc from the start of the 20th century until the late 1950s. The vinyl construction of the LP made it much more durable. Vinyl was also used for 45 RPM records, which were introduced in the late 1940s.

A Definite Revival
Although eclipsed by CDs in the 1980s, vinyl LPs have been making a comeback in the 21st century, and many individuals cling to their vinyl record collections. A large number of LP phonograph turntables, both consumer grade and high-end audiophile quality, are being manufactured. After years of listening to digital music, which many people feel is much harsher than analog, aficionados continue to enjoy vinyl recordings. See vinyl record, stylus, turntable and Burwen Bobcat.


From Analog to Digital
The analog 33 RPM long play (LP) vinyl record holds an album of songs just like the digital CD. The analog 45 RPM platter contains one song per side.

LP


LP

Abbreviation for lumbar puncture.

LP

abbr.1. Lower Peninsula2. lumbar puncture

LP

verb An abbreviation of a back-formation of the noun lumbar puncture, lumbar punctate; as in to lumbar puncture (LP) a patient.

lipoprotein

(lip?o-pro'ten?, prot'e-in) [ lipo- + protein] Any of the conjugated chemicals in the bloodstream consisting of simple proteins bound to fat. Cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides are all fatty components of lipoproteins. Analyzing the concentrations and proportions of lipoproteins in the blood can provide important information about patients' risks of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and death.

Lipoproteins are classified as very low-density (VLDL), low-density (LDL), intermediate-density (IDL), and high-density (HDL). Increased levels of LDL and total cholesterol directly raise one's chances of having coronary heart disease (CHD). For this reason LDL has been referred to colloquially as “bad” cholesterol. By contrast, increased levels of HDL (“good” cholesterol) are linked with a lowered risk of CHD. The National Cholesterol Education Program has designated 70–100 mg/dl or less as a desirable level of LDL in those already affected by CHD; for people without CHD, a desirable level of LDL is 100 mg/dl or less.

See: atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease; hyperlipoproteinemia; statin; cholesterol for table

Etiology

Elevated levels of lipoproteins usually are the result of a diet too rich in fats, saturated fats, and cholesterols. Genetic disease also plays a part in some patients with extremely high lipoprotein levels.

Symptoms

High lipoprotein levels may cause no symptoms until patients develop arterial blockages. If arteries become blocked by lipoproteins, ischemic symptoms may develop.

Treatment

Abnormal lipoprotein levels become normal in many patients who consume less dietary fat and increase their exercise. When lipoproteins do not reach expected levels despite diet and exercise, medications to improve lipoprotein profiles are prescribed. These include drugs such as niacin, bile-acid binding resins, and the statins.

lipoprotein (a)

Abbreviation: Lp(a)
A lipid-protein complex found normally in the plasma in small amounts in all people, but in very high concentrations in some people with familial atherosclerosis. It consists of a low-density lipoprotein molecule bound to apolipoprotein A.

alpha lipoprotein

High-density lipoprotein.

high-density lipoprotein

Abbreviation: HDL
Plasma lipids bound to albumin, consisting of lipoproteins. They contain more protein than either very low-density lipoproteins or low-density lipoproteins. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the so-called good cholesterol; a high level is desirable. Synonym: alpha lipoprotein

intermediate-density lipoprotein

Abbreviation: IDL
Plasma lipids bound to albumin, consisting of lipoproteins with less protein than high-density, but more than low-density lipoproteins.

lipoprotein lipase

Abbreviation: Lp(a)
An enzyme produced by many cells. On the surface of cells lining the vasculature, Lp(a) hydrolyzes fat (chylomicrons) and VLDL to monoglycerides to free fatty acids and IDL. Lp(a) is similar to plasminogen and is an important regulator of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Even though the physiological functions of Lp(a) and apoprotein(a) are not fully understood, there is a positive association of plasma Lp(a) with premature myocardial infarction. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to an increase in chylomicrons and VLDLs, and to low levels of HDL. Diseases associated with acquired causes of decreased lipoprotein lipase include acute ethanol ingestion, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, and nephrotic syndrome.

low-density lipoprotein

Abbreviation: LDL
Any of the plasma lipids that carry most of the cholesterol in plasma. Bound to albumin, LDLs are a proven cause of atherosclerosis. Lowering LDLs with a low-fat diet or with drugs helps prevent and treat coronary artery disease.

Lp(a) lipoprotein

A low-density lipoprotein in which apolipoprotein B-100 is linked to apoprotein(a). It contributes to the obstruction of blood vessels in atherosclerosis.

oxidized low-density cholesterol lipoprotein

A form of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol whose presence in the blood is often associated with unstable coronary events such as acute myocardial infarction.

small, dense low-density lipoprotein

Any of the low-density lipoproteins that measure less than 197 angstrom units. They are considered to be the most likely fraction of the low-density lipoprotein molecule to cause atherosclerotic vascular disease.

very low-density lipoprotein

Abbreviation: VLDL
Either of the plasma lipids, chylomicrons and prelipoproteins, that are bound to albumin. This class of plasma lipoproteins contains a greater ratio of lipid than the low-density lipoproteins and is the least dense.

lipoprotein (a)

Abbreviation: Lp(a)
A lipid-protein complex found normally in the plasma in small amounts in all people, but in very high concentrations in some people with familial atherosclerosis. It consists of a low-density lipoprotein molecule bound to apolipoprotein A. See also: lipoprotein

lipoprotein lipase

Abbreviation: Lp(a)
An enzyme produced by many cells. On the surface of cells lining the vasculature, Lp(a) hydrolyzes fat (chylomicrons) and VLDL to monoglycerides to free fatty acids and IDL. Lp(a) is similar to plasminogen and is an important regulator of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Even though the physiological functions of Lp(a) and apoprotein(a) are not fully understood, there is a positive association of plasma Lp(a) with premature myocardial infarction. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to an increase in chylomicrons and VLDLs, and to low levels of HDL. Diseases associated with acquired causes of decreased lipoprotein lipase include acute ethanol ingestion, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, and nephrotic syndrome. See also: lipoprotein

puncture

(pungk'chur) [L. punctura, prick] 1. A hole or wound made by a sharp pointed instrument.2. To make a hole with such an instrument.

puncture of the antrum

Puncture of the maxillary sinus by insertion of a trocar through the sinus wall in order to drain fluid. The instrument is inserted near the floor of the nose, approx. 112 in (3.8 cm) from the nasal opening. See: antrotomy

Patient care

The antrum is irrigated with the prescribed solution (often warm normal saline solution) according to protocol. The character and volume of the returned solution and the patient's response to treatment are carefully monitored and documented. Ice packs are applied as prescribed for edema and pain; these are replaced by warm compresses as healing progresses. Assessments are made for chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, facial or periorbital edema, visual disturbances, and personality changes, which may indicate the development of complications.

arterial puncture

Placement of a needle or catheter into an artery to sample blood gases or blood pressure, or positioning of a catheter in the aorta or the heart.

cerebrospinal puncture

A puncture of the meninges to collect cerebrospinal fluid or to inject contrast media or medications. Puncture sites include the spaces around the spinal cord (lumbar puncture), the cisterna magna (cisternal puncture), or open fontanelles in infants (ventricular puncture).

cisternal puncture

A spinal puncture with a hollow needle between the cervical vertebrae, through the dura mater, and into the cisterna at the base of the brain. This is done to inject a drug as in meningitis or cerebral syphilis, to remove spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, or to reduce intracranial pressure. It should be used as a source of spinal fluid only if fluid cannot be obtained by lumbar puncture. See: cerebrospinal fluid

CAUTION!

This procedure may be lethal if not done by one skilled in this technique.

diabetic puncture

Bernard puncture.

exploratory puncture

Piercing of a cavity or cyst in order to examine the fluid or pus removed.

heel puncture

A method for obtaining a blood sample from a newborn or premature infant.

CAUTION!

The puncture should be made in the lateral or medial area of the plantar surface of the heel, while avoiding the posterior curvature of the heel. The puncture should go no deeper than 2.4 mm. Previous puncture sites should not be used.
LUMBAR PUNCTURELUMBAR PUNCTURELUMBAR PUNCTURE

lumbar puncture

Abbreviation: LP
Gaining entry into the subarachnoid space of the meningeal sac below the end of the spinal cord, usually at the level of the fourth intervertebral space with a hollow needle. This procedure is done to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis, as in the diagnosis of severe headache or in suspected central nervous system infection or bleeding; to administer drugs to the brain or spinal cord (such as anesthetics or chemotherapeutic agents); or to relieve the CSF of excess pressure or fluid, as in pseudotumor cerebri. Synonym: spinal puncture; Quincke puncture; spinal tap See: illustration; cisternal puncture; headache; Queckenstedt sign

CAUTION!

Postprocedure headache occurs in about half of all patients who undergo lumbar puncture. Rarely reported complications of the procedure include cerebral herniation, epidural infection, epidural bleeding, paraparesis, and subdural bleeding.

Procedure

Informed consent for the procedure is obtained except in dire emergencies when clinical judgment prevails. Appropriate equipment is gathered: sterile gloves and mask for the operator, skin antiseptic (povidine-iodine solution), local anesthetic (1% lidocaine), and a lumbar puncture tray containing sterile gauze sponges, fenestrated drape and towel, needles and syringe for anesthesia, spinal needles, 4 collection tubes, 3-way stopcock and manometer; and a small adhesive bandage.

The procedure and expected sensations are explained, and the patient is asked to remain still when positioned and to breathe normally. The patient is typically placed on his or her left side at the right edge of the bed or examining table with knees drawn up to the abdomen and chin down to the chest, or in a sitting position with legs over one side of the table and buttocks at the other, bending head and chest toward the knees. Either of these positions exposes the back to the operator and provides spinal flexion, allowing easy access to the lumbar subarachnoid space. The assisting nurse holds the patient appropriately to secure this position (one arm around the neck, the other around the knees, or holding both shoulders bent forward). Draping provides warmth and privacy. Next, the patient's skin is prepared with antiseptic solution, and a sterile fenestrated barrier is placed over the proposed puncture site. Local anesthetic is injected, and then the spinal needle, with its stylet in place, is slowly advanced between the vertebra into and through the dura and arachnoid membranes. The stylet that fills the needle is removed, and initial measurements are made of the opening intracranial pressure (ICP) with a manometer. When the procedure is performed for diagnosis, about 8 to 10 ml of fluid are collected and sent promptly to the clinical laboratory for analysis of cell count, glucose, protein levels, cultures stains, and special studies. The closing pressure should then be read, the needle removed, and a small impervious adhesive dressing applied, sometimes with collodion to prevent CSF leakage. See: illustration

Complications

Pain at the puncture site, infection, bleeding, neurological injury, death, and post–spinal tap headaches are all potential complications. Of these, postural headache, caused by chronic leakage from the puncture site, is the complication most often brought to the attention of health care professionals. It may be treated with the injection of a small amount of the patient's own blood epidurally, to form a blood patch. See: cerebrospinal fluid

Patient care

The nurse assists the operator throughout the procedure by numbering and capping specimen tubes for laboratory examination and by applying jugular vein pressure as directed. Reassurance and direction are provided to the patient throughout the procedure, and the patient is assessed for adverse reactions (elevated pulse rate, pain radiating into the limbs, pallor, clammy skin, or respiratory distress).

After the procedure, the nurse assesses vital signs and neurological status, particularly observing for signs of paralysis, weakness, or loss of sensation in the lower extremities. If CSF pressure is elevated, the patient’s neurological status should be assessed every 15 min for 4 hr, if normal, every hour for 2 hr, then every 4 hr or as ordered. The puncture site should be checked hourly for 4 hr, then every 4 hr for 24 hr, assessing for redness, swelling, and drainage. To decrease the chance of headache, oral intake (for spinal fluid replacement and equalization of pressures) is encouraged, and the patient should remain in bed in a supine position or with the head elevated no more than 30° for 4 to 24 hr (per operator or institutional protocol). The patient should not lift his or her head but can move it (and himself or herself) from side to side. Noninvasive pain relief measures and prescribed analgesia are provided if headache occurs.

illustration

Quincke puncture

See: Quincke, Heinrich

spinal puncture

Lumbar puncture.

sternal puncture

Puncture of the sternum with a large-bore needle to obtain a specimen of marrow.

tracheoesophageal puncture

Abbreviation: TEP
A surgically created connection between the trachea and the esophagus for a patient who has had his or her voicebox (larynx) removed. It permits the patient to force air from the lungs through the windpipe into the esophagus, and from there out of the mouth in order to speak. A one-way valve (shunt) is placed into the tracheoesophageal opening. The patient learns to speak using the TEP with the help of a speech therapist.

ventricular puncture

Puncture of a ventricle of the brain in order to withdraw fluid or introduce air for ventriculography.
LUMBAR PUNCTURELUMBAR PUNCTURELUMBAR PUNCTURE

lumbar puncture

Abbreviation: LP
Gaining entry into the subarachnoid space of the meningeal sac below the end of the spinal cord, usually at the level of the fourth intervertebral space with a hollow needle. This procedure is done to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis, as in the diagnosis of severe headache or in suspected central nervous system infection or bleeding; to administer drugs to the brain or spinal cord (such as anesthetics or chemotherapeutic agents); or to relieve the CSF of excess pressure or fluid, as in pseudotumor cerebri. Synonym: spinal puncture; Quincke puncture; spinal tap See: illustration; cisternal puncture; headache; Queckenstedt sign

CAUTION!

Postprocedure headache occurs in about half of all patients who undergo lumbar puncture. Rarely reported complications of the procedure include cerebral herniation, epidural infection, epidural bleeding, paraparesis, and subdural bleeding.

Procedure

Informed consent for the procedure is obtained except in dire emergencies when clinical judgment prevails. Appropriate equipment is gathered: sterile gloves and mask for the operator, skin antiseptic (povidine-iodine solution), local anesthetic (1% lidocaine), and a lumbar puncture tray containing sterile gauze sponges, fenestrated drape and towel, needles and syringe for anesthesia, spinal needles, 4 collection tubes, 3-way stopcock and manometer; and a small adhesive bandage.

The procedure and expected sensations are explained, and the patient is asked to remain still when positioned and to breathe normally. The patient is typically placed on his or her left side at the right edge of the bed or examining table with knees drawn up to the abdomen and chin down to the chest, or in a sitting position with legs over one side of the table and buttocks at the other, bending head and chest toward the knees. Either of these positions exposes the back to the operator and provides spinal flexion, allowing easy access to the lumbar subarachnoid space. The assisting nurse holds the patient appropriately to secure this position (one arm around the neck, the other around the knees, or holding both shoulders bent forward). Draping provides warmth and privacy. Next, the patient's skin is prepared with antiseptic solution, and a sterile fenestrated barrier is placed over the proposed puncture site. Local anesthetic is injected, and then the spinal needle, with its stylet in place, is slowly advanced between the vertebra into and through the dura and arachnoid membranes. The stylet that fills the needle is removed, and initial measurements are made of the opening intracranial pressure (ICP) with a manometer. When the procedure is performed for diagnosis, about 8 to 10 ml of fluid are collected and sent promptly to the clinical laboratory for analysis of cell count, glucose, protein levels, cultures stains, and special studies. The closing pressure should then be read, the needle removed, and a small impervious adhesive dressing applied, sometimes with collodion to prevent CSF leakage. See: illustration

Complications

Pain at the puncture site, infection, bleeding, neurological injury, death, and post–spinal tap headaches are all potential complications. Of these, postural headache, caused by chronic leakage from the puncture site, is the complication most often brought to the attention of health care professionals. It may be treated with the injection of a small amount of the patient's own blood epidurally, to form a blood patch. See: cerebrospinal fluid

Patient care

The nurse assists the operator throughout the procedure by numbering and capping specimen tubes for laboratory examination and by applying jugular vein pressure as directed. Reassurance and direction are provided to the patient throughout the procedure, and the patient is assessed for adverse reactions (elevated pulse rate, pain radiating into the limbs, pallor, clammy skin, or respiratory distress).

After the procedure, the nurse assesses vital signs and neurological status, particularly observing for signs of paralysis, weakness, or loss of sensation in the lower extremities. If CSF pressure is elevated, the patient’s neurological status should be assessed every 15 min for 4 hr, if normal, every hour for 2 hr, then every 4 hr or as ordered. The puncture site should be checked hourly for 4 hr, then every 4 hr for 24 hr, assessing for redness, swelling, and drainage. To decrease the chance of headache, oral intake (for spinal fluid replacement and equalization of pressures) is encouraged, and the patient should remain in bed in a supine position or with the head elevated no more than 30° for 4 to 24 hr (per operator or institutional protocol). The patient should not lift his or her head but can move it (and himself or herself) from side to side. Noninvasive pain relief measures and prescribed analgesia are provided if headache occurs.

illustrationSee also: puncture
LegalSeelimited partnership

LP


LP

See: Limited partner

Limited Partnership

A business model in which at least one general partner and at least one limited partner share a business' ownership. In a limited partnership, the general partner does not usually make invest any capital, but has management authority and unlimited liability. That is, the general partner runs the business and, in the event of bankruptcy, is responsible for all debts not paid or discharged. The limited partners have no management authority and confine their participation to their capital investment. That is, limited partners invest a certain amount of money and have nothing else to do with the business. However, their liability is limited to the amount of the investment. In the worst case scenario for a limited partner, he/she loses what he/she invested. Profits are divided between general and limited partners according to an arrangement formed at the creation of the partnership.

LP


AcronymDefinition
LPLimited Partnership (legal business entity)
LPLong Playing (record)
LPLiquid Propane
LPLinear Programming
LPLimited Partner (IRB)
LPLatin Percussion (maker of various percussion instruments)
LPLinear Program
LPLes Paul (type of guitar)
LPLong Play(ing)
LPLincoln Park (various locations)
LPLouisiana-Pacific
LPLoop
LPLine Printer
LPLet's Play (gaming)
LPLinkin Park (band)
LPLow Power
LPLow Profile
LPLicense Plate
LPLow Pressure
LPLow-Pass (filter, amplifier)
LPLesson Plan
LPList Price
LPLiberal Party
LPLonely Planet (travel guides)
LPLow Pass (Filter)
LPLinear Prediction
LPLoss Prevention
LPLogin/Password
LPLibertarian Party
LPLaser Printer
LPLogic Programming (computing)
LPLong Period
LPLaughing Place (Disney)
LPLarge Print (visual impairment)
LPLicensed Practical (nurse; US HRSA)
LPListening Post
LPLeadership Program
LPLandplane
LPLumbar Puncture
LPLiquefied Petroleum
LPLycée Professionnel (French: Professional School)
LPLipoprotein
LPLaunch Pad (various organizations)
LPLabour Party
LPLegal Problems
LPLegislative Process
LPLife Points (Yu-Gi-Oh! game)
LPLight Peak
LPLightning Protection
LPLow Point
LPLayout Plan (urban development)
LPLiquidity Provider (finance)
LPLan Peru (Peruvian Airlines, IATA airline code)
LPLemon Party
LPLicensed Producer (marijuana; Canada)
LPLow Priority
LPLimited Production
LPLa Pampa (Argentina province, airline code)
LPLanding Point
LPLicensed Psychologist
LPLamp Post
LPLegislative Proposal
LPLocal Park
LPLight Pole
LPLink Popularity (website links)
LPLife Partner
LPLichen Planus (skin disease)
LPLast Paid
LPLoan Prospector
LPLacrimas Profundere (German band)
LPLost Prophets (band)
LPLow Paying
LPLogical Partition (IBM AIX)
LPLongitudinale Posteriore (Italian: Longitudinal Posterior; Lamborghini)
LPLife Policy (insurance)
LPLicorice Pizza (record)
LPLimited Product
LPLis Pendens (Latin: pending lawsuit)
LPLangspielplatte (German: Long Playing Record)
LPLiability Policy
LPLower Peninsula (of Michigan)
LPLow Permeation (fuel)
LPLocal Primary
LPLog Periodic
LPLicensed Paralegal (law)
LPLao Po (Chinese: Wife)
LPLangmuir Probe
LPLinearly Polarized (EIA-440-A)
LPLa Previa (TV show)
LPLine Pair (philately)
LPLaxmikant Pyarelal (Inidan film music producers)
LPLoss of Pay
LPLogical Process
LPLas Plumas (California)
LPLatent Period
LPLong Pointer (32-bit memory address in a 16-bit operating system)
LPLine Processor
LPLa Pucelle (PS2 game)
LPLicensed Practitioner
LPLearning Page (educational resources website company)
LPLiquidity Premium
LPLegge Provinciale (Italian: Provincial Law)
LPLiquid Propellant
LPLife Profile
LPLoad Package
LPLinear Polarizer
LPLesbian Pornography
LPLuff Perpendicular (sailing measurement)
LPLighting Panel
LPLyceum of the Philippines
LPLocal Purchase (Stores 100 code)
LPLinear Polarized
LPLocal Processor
LPLeaf Protein
LPLicensed Paramedic
LPLaser Prostatectomy
LPLaunch Position
LPLimited Procurement
LPLorimar Productions
LPLinking Protection
LPLincolnshire Police (UK)
LPLight Patrol
LPLiquid Penetration (metal test to show stress cracks and surface faults)
LPLeadership Points (gaming)
LPLarge Processor
LPLab Prototype
LPLower Order Path
LPLatinos Progresando (not-for-profit organization assisting with immigration related issues)
LPLockout of Protection
LPLex Persona
LPLine Patterning
LPLazer Park (New York)
LPLinha de Partida
LPLocator Protocol (location-based GPRS services)
LPLincoln Prairie School (Hoffman Estates, Illinois)
LPLittle Person/People
LPLeased Platform
LPLeft Traffic Pattern
LPLink Paralleling
LPLunatic Posse (Quake gaming clan)
LPLarge Package Based
LPLunar Prospector (spacecraft)

LP


  • noun

Synonyms for LP

noun album

Synonyms

  • album
  • record

Synonyms for LP

noun a long-playing phonograph record

Synonyms

  • L-P

Related Words

  • phonograph record
  • phonograph recording
  • disc
  • platter
  • record
  • disk
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更新时间:2024/12/22 21:06:16