| 释义 |
DictionarySeedoseMinimum erythema dose
dose (dos) [Gr. dosis, a giving] 1. The amount of medicine or radiation administered.2. The measurable exposure to an agent, e.g., to a poison, a quantity of radiation, or an irritant in the environment.absorbed dose1. Radiation absorbed dose.2. The amount of a substance ingested, inhaled, or taken up through any protective surface into the bodyair doseThe intensity of radiation measured in air at the target.birth doseAny dose, e.g., of a vaccine, administered to a neonate. The term is commonly used to describe a neonatal injection of hepatitis B vaccine. bolus doseA quantity of fluid or medicine given intravenously at a controlled, rapid rate.booster dose See: boostercollective dose See: cumulative dosecumulative dose1. The total medication or radiation dose to which an organism is exposed after repeated treatments. 2. The total ionizing radiation dose resulting from repeated exposures to an occupationally exposed individual over a period of time. This dose can be calculated for whole-body acute exposure or for specific organs or body parts, e.g., the hands. 3. The amount of a drug present in the body after repeated doses.curative dose Abbreviation: CD
The dose required to heal an illness or disease. depth doseThe actual amount of radiation exposure at a specific point below the surface of the body.dialysis doseThe percentage by which blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is reduced during renal dialysis. Inadequate BUN reductions have been linked to increases in patient care costs, hospitalizations, and increased risk of death in patients with chronic renal failure. See: blood urea nitrogendivided doseFractional portions of a dose administered at specified intervals. For example, a patient may be given 2 g of cephalexin daily, divided as 500 mg orally every 6 hr. equianalgesic doseA dose of one form of analgesic drug equivalent in pain-relieving effect to another analgesic. In pain control, this equivalence permits substitution of one analgesic to avoid undesired side effects from another. equivalent dose Abbreviation: HT
The biologically active dose of radiation. The damage that a particular absorbed radiation dose will have on living cells and tissues. erythema doseMinimal erythema dose.fatal doseA dose that kills. See: median lethal doseinfective doseThe number of infectious organisms, esp. bacteria or viruses, that will cause disease in a healthy organism. lethal doseThe dose of a substance that results in the death of cells, tissues, or the organism.lethal dose low Abbreviation: LDlo
The lowest dose of a substance that will kill at least one exposed organism.maintenance doseThe dose required to sustain a desired effect. maximum doseThe largest dose that is safe to administer. maximum permissible dose Abbreviation: MPD
The highest dose of radiation to which a person may be exposed over 1 year. CAUTION!Each U.S. state sets limits on exposure to ionizing radiation. For example, for an adult over 18, the MPD is typically 5 rem (50 mSv). For a pregnant female, the MPD is limited to 0.5 rem (5 mSv). maximum tolerated dose Abbreviation: MTD
The most extensive exposure to a treatment that a patient may receive before he or she experiences unbearable side effects.mean marrow dose Abbreviation: MMD
An estimated measure of average radiation exposure given to the blood-forming progenitor cells of the bone marrow, e.g., in whole body radiation treatment. The percentage of active bone marrow in the useful beam is multiplied by the average absorbed dose. median curative doseA dose that cures half of all treated patients. median infective dose Abbreviation: ID50
An infective dose that causes disease in half the subjects exposed to it.median lethal dose Abbreviation: LD50
The amount of a substance, bacterium, or toxin that will kill 50% of the animals exposed to it. Dose is usually calculated on amount of material given per gram or kilogram of body weight or amount per unit of body surface area. See: minimum lethal doseminimal erythema dose, minimum erythema dose Abbreviation: MED
The shortest exposure to ultraviolet radiation that produces reddening of the skin within 1 to 6 hr and disappears in 24 hr. The minimal erythemal dose is used to calculate the duration of therapeutic exposure to ultraviolet light. For treatment using a “hot” ultraviolet lamp (UV-A or UV-B), the dose is calculated at a distance of 30 in. The minimal erythemal dose for “cold” ultraviolet (UV-C) is standardized at 30 to 38 sec at a distance of 1 in. Synonym: erythema dose; threshold dose See: table CAUTION!Burning, edema, and peeling occur at doses at or above the second degree erythemal dose. | Dose | Description |
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| Suberythemal dose (SED) | No erythema | | Minimal erythemal dose (MED) | Smallest dose that produces erythema within 1 to 6 hr and disappears within 24 hr | | First degree erythemal dose (E1) | Erythema lasts for 1 to 3 days. Some scaling of the skin is present. E1 is approximately 2.5 times the MED. | | Second degree erythemal dose (E2) | Erythema with associated edema, peeling, and pigmentation. E2 is approximately 5 times the MED. | | Third degree erythemal dose (E3) | Severe erythema and burning with associated blistering, peeling, and edema. E3 is approximately 10 times the MED. |
minimum doseThe smallest effective dose.minimum lethal doseThe smallest amount of a substance capable of producing death. See: median lethal dosenursing dose1. The number of nurses in the work force divided by the population of the community at large. 2. The number of nurses available for clinical responsibilities, divided by the quantity of those duties. percentage depth doseIn radiation therapy, the ratio of the absorbed dose at a given depth to the absorbed dose at a fixed reference depth. It is dependent on four factors: energy, depth, field size, and source-to-skin distance. primary doseAn initial, large dose given to provide a high blood level as soon as possible.radiation dose1. Energy (joules) deposited by radiation in 1 kg of body tissue.2. The exposure of a biological system to radiation, measured in rems or sieverts.3. Radioactivity, measured in curies or becquerels.4. See: radiation absorbed doseradiation absorbed dose Abbreviation: rad
The quantity of ionizing radiation, measured in rad or gray (Gy), absorbed by any material, e.g., a person, per unit mass of matter. One Gy equals 100 rad. Synonym: absorbed doseshock doseIn cardioversion and defibrillation, the energy in joules selected to terminate an abnormal heart rhythm. skin doseA radiation dose to the skin including secondary radiation from backscatter.sublethal doseA dose containing not quite enough of a toxin or noxious substance to cause death.stress doseStress dosage.test dose1. A low dose of a medication given to assess its safety or tolerability.2. A small dose given to determine its precise effect on living tissues.therapeutic doseThe dose required to produce the desired effect. threshold dose See: minimal erythema dosetissue culture infective dose Abbreviation: TCID50
The dose that will produce a cytopathic effect in 50% of the cultures inoculated.tissue tolerance doseThe largest dose, esp. of radiation, that will not cause obvious or immediate disfunction in tissues. tolerance doseThe dose of a drug or physical agent, e.g., radiation, that will not cause perceptible or immediate injury. This dose will vary among individuals. toxic doseA poisonous dose.unit doseA dose of medicine prepared in an individual packet for convenience, safety, or monitoring. Synonym: monodose
minimal erythema dose, minimum erythema dose Abbreviation: MED
The shortest exposure to ultraviolet radiation that produces reddening of the skin within 1 to 6 hr and disappears in 24 hr. The minimal erythemal dose is used to calculate the duration of therapeutic exposure to ultraviolet light. For treatment using a “hot” ultraviolet lamp (UV-A or UV-B), the dose is calculated at a distance of 30 in. The minimal erythemal dose for “cold” ultraviolet (UV-C) is standardized at 30 to 38 sec at a distance of 1 in. Synonym: erythema dose; threshold dose See: table CAUTION!Burning, edema, and peeling occur at doses at or above the second degree erythemal dose. | Dose | Description |
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| Suberythemal dose (SED) | No erythema | | Minimal erythemal dose (MED) | Smallest dose that produces erythema within 1 to 6 hr and disappears within 24 hr | | First degree erythemal dose (E1) | Erythema lasts for 1 to 3 days. Some scaling of the skin is present. E1 is approximately 2.5 times the MED. | | Second degree erythemal dose (E2) | Erythema with associated edema, peeling, and pigmentation. E2 is approximately 5 times the MED. | | Third degree erythemal dose (E3) | Severe erythema and burning with associated blistering, peeling, and edema. E3 is approximately 10 times the MED. |
See also: doseMinimum erythema doseThe minimum amount of UVB that produces redness 24 hours after exposure. It is the starting dose for UVB light treatments.Mentioned in: Ultraviolet Light Treatment |