Menotti, Gian-Carlo

(jän`-kär`lō mānôt`tē), 1911–2007, Italian composer. Menotti was taught music by his mother and composed his first opera at 10. He studied at the Verdi Conservatory, Milan, and the Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia, where he later taught. Much of his life was spent in the United States. Enormously successful in the mid-20th cent. as a composer of operas, he wrote his own librettos—all in English except Amelia al Ballo (1937; tr. Amelia Goes to the Ball)—and usually directed his own productions. In 1946 his melodrama The Medium had unprecedented success with Broadway audiences.

Menotti's major works include The Old Maid and the Thief (1939) and Amahl and the Night Visitors (1951), the former written for radio broadcast, the latter for television; The Telephone (1947); The Consul (1950); The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954; Pulitzer Prize); Maria Golovin (1958); Labyrinth (1963), a short opera; Martin's Lie (1964); and Tamu-Tamu (1973). His 25 operas are celebrated for their powerful dramatic impact, use of language, and polytonality, although they are also frequently criticized for their sentimentality and stylistic conservatism. He also wrote numerous pieces of choral, instrumental, and chamber music.

Menotti established the Festival of Two Worlds at Spoleto, Italy, in 1958 and directed it for about 40 years. In 1977 he initiated the Spoleto Festival U.S.A., in Charleston, S.C., heading that festival until 1993. That year he was appointed artistic director of the Rome Opera, but after disputes with the opera leadership he was dismissed in 1994.

Bibliography

See biography by J. Gruen (1978) and D. L. Hixon, Gian Carlo Menotti: A Bio-Bibliography (2000); study by M. I. Casmus (1962); L. Grieb, ed., The Operas of Gian Carlo Menotti, 1937–1972: A Selective Bibliography (1974); K. Wlaschin, Gian Carlo Menotti on Screen: Opera, Dance, and Choral Works on Film, Television, and Video (1999).

Menotti, Gian-Carlo

(1911– ) composer; born in Cadegliano, Italy. He had written his first opera even before he came to the U.S.A. to study at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia (1927). Following his first success, the opera Amelia Goes to the Ball (1937), he became the most popular of opera composers living in America. His other well-known operas (all with his own librettos), conservative and Italianate in style, include The Old Maid and the Thief (1939) and The Consul (1950), which won two Pulitzer Prizes. His opera Amahl and the Night Visitors premiered on television in 1951 and was broadcast annually at Christmas for many years. Although not as well known as his operas, his other works include a madrigal ballet, The Unicorn, the Gorgon and the Manticore (1956) and a symphonic poem, Apocalypse (1951). In 1958 he founded the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy; in 1977 it was expanded to a similar annual festival of art in Charleston, S.C.

单词	menotti, gian-carlo
释义	Menotti, Gian-Carlo Menotti, Gian-Carlo (jän`-kär`lō mānôt`tē), 1911–2007, Italian composer. Menotti was taught music by his mother and composed his first opera at 10. He studied at the Verdi Conservatory, Milan, and the Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia, where he later taught. Much of his life was spent in the United States. Enormously successful in the mid-20th cent. as a composer of operas, he wrote his own librettos—all in English except Amelia al Ballo (1937; tr. Amelia Goes to the Ball)—and usually directed his own productions. In 1946 his melodrama The Medium had unprecedented success with Broadway audiences. Menotti's major works include The Old Maid and the Thief (1939) and Amahl and the Night Visitors (1951), the former written for radio broadcast, the latter for television; The Telephone (1947); The Consul (1950); The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954; Pulitzer Prize); Maria Golovin (1958); Labyrinth (1963), a short opera; Martin's Lie (1964); and Tamu-Tamu (1973). His 25 operas are celebrated for their powerful dramatic impact, use of language, and polytonality, although they are also frequently criticized for their sentimentality and stylistic conservatism. He also wrote numerous pieces of choral, instrumental, and chamber music. Menotti established the Festival of Two Worlds at Spoleto, Italy, in 1958 and directed it for about 40 years. In 1977 he initiated the Spoleto Festival U.S.A., in Charleston, S.C., heading that festival until 1993. That year he was appointed artistic director of the Rome Opera, but after disputes with the opera leadership he was dismissed in 1994. Bibliography See biography by J. Gruen (1978) and D. L. Hixon, Gian Carlo Menotti: A Bio-Bibliography (2000); study by M. I. Casmus (1962); L. Grieb, ed., The Operas of Gian Carlo Menotti, 1937–1972: A Selective Bibliography (1974); K. Wlaschin, Gian Carlo Menotti on Screen: Opera, Dance, and Choral Works on Film, Television, and Video (1999). Menotti, Gian-Carlo (1911– ) composer; born in Cadegliano, Italy. He had written his first opera even before he came to the U.S.A. to study at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia (1927). Following his first success, the opera Amelia Goes to the Ball (1937), he became the most popular of opera composers living in America. His other well-known operas (all with his own librettos), conservative and Italianate in style, include The Old Maid and the Thief (1939) and The Consul (1950), which won two Pulitzer Prizes. His opera Amahl and the Night Visitors premiered on television in 1951 and was broadcast annually at Christmas for many years. Although not as well known as his operas, his other works include a madrigal ballet, The Unicorn, the Gorgon and the Manticore (1956) and a symphonic poem, Apocalypse (1951). In 1958 he founded the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy; in 1977 it was expanded to a similar annual festival of art in Charleston, S.C.
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