Moore's Law

Moore's Law,

a projection of semiconductor manufacturing trends made by Gordon E. MooreMoore, Gordon Earle,
1929– American engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur, b. San Francisco, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology, 1954. He joined (1956) Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, where he worked with William Shockley, the co-inventor of the transistor.
..... Click the link for more information. , cofounder of the Intel Corp., in a 1965 magazine article. He observed that the number of transistorstransistor,
three-terminal, solid-state electronic device used for amplification and switching. It is the solid-state analog to the triode electron tube; the transistor has replaced the electron tube for virtually all common applications.
..... Click the link for more information. per square inch on a microprocessormicroprocessor,
integrated circuit containing the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to interpret and execute instructions from a computer program. When combined with other integrated circuits that provide storage for data and programs, often on a single
..... Click the link for more information. chip had doubled each year since the integrated circuitintegrated circuit
(IC), electronic circuit built on a semiconductor substrate, usually one of single-crystal silicon. The circuit, often called a chip, is packaged in a hermetically sealed case or a nonhermetic plastic capsule, with leads extending from it for input, output,
..... Click the link for more information. had been invented, and this led him to project that the number of transistors on a chip would double every 18 months—a time interval he revised in 1975 to every two years. Although Moore's assessment of his industry's expected industrial progress was not a scientific law, it was subsequently dubbed Moore's Law by the American physicist Carver Mead.

Moore's Law became something of a self-fulfilling prophecy as microchip and electronics manufacturers competed to develop faster, smaller, and cheaper electronic devices. By the early 21st cent., the number of transistors on a typical memory chip had gone far beyond 1 billion. It is generally accepted that technological improvements in miniaturization and microelectronicsmicroelectronics,
branch of electronic technology devoted to the design and development of extremely small electronic devices that consume very little electric power. Although the term is sometimes used to describe discrete electronic components assembled in an extremely small
..... Click the link for more information. will reach a point where circuits are only a few atoms wide, making it physically impossible to make them even smaller. To maintain the pace projected by Moore's Law, new technologies such as quantum computers, optical switches, and spintronicsspintronics,
spin electronics,
or magnetoelectronics,
science and technology that harnesses the spin state of electrons in addition to the electrical charge state to store data or perform calculations.
..... Click the link for more information. will need to be developed.

Moore's law

[′mürz ‚lȯ] (computer science) The prediction by Gordon Moore (cofounder of the Intel Corporation) that the number of transistors on a microprocessor would double periodically (approximately every 18 months).

Moore's Law

(architecture)/morz law/ The observation, made in 1965 byIntel co-founder Gordon Moore while preparing a speech,that each new memory integrated circuit contained roughlytwice as much capacity as its predecessor, and each chip wasreleased within 18-24 months of the previous chip. If thistrend continued, he reasoned, computing power would riseexponentially with time.

Moore's observation still holds in 1997 and is the basis formany performance forecasts. In 24 years the number oftransistors on processor chips has increased by a factor ofalmost 2400, from 2300 on the Intel 4004 in 1971 to 5.5million on the Pentium Pro in 1995 (doubling roughly everytwo years).

Date Chip Transistors MIPS clock/MHz-----------------------------------------------Nov 1971 4004 2300 0.06 0.108Apr 1974 8080 6000 0.64 2Jun 1978 8086 29000 0.75 10Feb 1982 80286 134000 2.66 12Oct 1985 386DX 275000 5 16Apr 1989 80486 1200000 20 25Mar 1993 Pentium 3100000 112 66Nov 1995 Pentium Pro 5500000 428 200-----------------------------------------------

Moore's Law has been (mis)interpreted to mean many things overthe years. In particular, microprocessor performance hasincreased faster than the number of transistors per chip. Thenumber of MIPS has, on average, doubled every 1.8 years forthe past 25 years, or every 1.6 years for the last 10 years.While more recent processors have had wider data paths,which would correspond to an increase in transistor count,their performance has also increased due to increased clock rates.

Chip density in transistors per unit area has increased lessquickly - a factor of only 146 between the 4004 (12 mm^2) andthe Pentium Pro (196 mm^2) (doubling every 3.3 years).Feature size has decreased from 10 to 0.35 microns whichwould give over 800 times as many transistors per unit.However, the automatic layout required to cope with theincreased complexity is less efficient than the hand layoutused for early processors.

http://intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv/html/hof/moore.htm.

Intel Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide.

"Birth of a Chip", Linley Gwennap, Byte, Dec 1996. See also March1997 "inbox".

Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers, KenPolsson.

See also Parkinson's Law of Data.

Moore's law

"The number of transistors and resistors on a chip doubles every 18 months," coined by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore regarding the pace of semiconductor technology. He said this in 1965 when there were approximately 60 devices on a chip. Proving Moore's law to be rather accurate, four decades later, Intel placed 1.7 billion transistors on its Itanium chip.

In 1975, Moore extended the 18 months to 24 months. He also said the cost of a semiconductor manufacturing plant doubles with each generation of microprocessor.

Reaching Another Law - That of Physics
Using current silicon manufacturing methods, we are reaching a limit to miniaturization. As of 2019, 5 nanometer chips are about as small as we invision without a dramatic change in design and materials (see process technology). See laws.

单词	moore's law
释义	Moore's law Moore's law M5448900 (mo͝orz, môrz)n. The prediction that the number of transistors that can be placed on an affordable integrated circuit will double during a specific time period, usually said to be every 18 months or every 2 years. [After Gordon Moore (born 1929), American entrepreneur and developer of microchips who first proposed the principle.] Moore's Law Moore's Law, a projection of semiconductor manufacturing trends made by Gordon E. MooreMoore, Gordon Earle, 1929– American engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur, b. San Francisco, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology, 1954. He joined (1956) Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, where he worked with William Shockley, the co-inventor of the transistor. ..... Click the link for more information. , cofounder of the Intel Corp., in a 1965 magazine article. He observed that the number of transistorstransistor, three-terminal, solid-state electronic device used for amplification and switching. It is the solid-state analog to the triode electron tube; the transistor has replaced the electron tube for virtually all common applications. ..... Click the link for more information. per square inch on a microprocessormicroprocessor, integrated circuit containing the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to interpret and execute instructions from a computer program. When combined with other integrated circuits that provide storage for data and programs, often on a single ..... Click the link for more information. chip had doubled each year since the integrated circuitintegrated circuit (IC), electronic circuit built on a semiconductor substrate, usually one of single-crystal silicon. The circuit, often called a chip, is packaged in a hermetically sealed case or a nonhermetic plastic capsule, with leads extending from it for input, output, ..... Click the link for more information. had been invented, and this led him to project that the number of transistors on a chip would double every 18 months—a time interval he revised in 1975 to every two years. Although Moore's assessment of his industry's expected industrial progress was not a scientific law, it was subsequently dubbed Moore's Law by the American physicist Carver Mead. Moore's Law became something of a self-fulfilling prophecy as microchip and electronics manufacturers competed to develop faster, smaller, and cheaper electronic devices. By the early 21st cent., the number of transistors on a typical memory chip had gone far beyond 1 billion. It is generally accepted that technological improvements in miniaturization and microelectronicsmicroelectronics, branch of electronic technology devoted to the design and development of extremely small electronic devices that consume very little electric power. Although the term is sometimes used to describe discrete electronic components assembled in an extremely small ..... Click the link for more information. will reach a point where circuits are only a few atoms wide, making it physically impossible to make them even smaller. To maintain the pace projected by Moore's Law, new technologies such as quantum computers, optical switches, and spintronicsspintronics, spin electronics, or magnetoelectronics, science and technology that harnesses the spin state of electrons in addition to the electrical charge state to store data or perform calculations. ..... Click the link for more information. will need to be developed. Moore's law [′mürz ‚lȯ] (computer science) The prediction by Gordon Moore (cofounder of the Intel Corporation) that the number of transistors on a microprocessor would double periodically (approximately every 18 months). Moore's Law (architecture)/morz law/ The observation, made in 1965 byIntel co-founder Gordon Moore while preparing a speech,that each new memory integrated circuit contained roughlytwice as much capacity as its predecessor, and each chip wasreleased within 18-24 months of the previous chip. If thistrend continued, he reasoned, computing power would riseexponentially with time. Moore's observation still holds in 1997 and is the basis formany performance forecasts. In 24 years the number oftransistors on processor chips has increased by a factor ofalmost 2400, from 2300 on the Intel 4004 in 1971 to 5.5million on the Pentium Pro in 1995 (doubling roughly everytwo years). Date Chip Transistors MIPS clock/MHz-----------------------------------------------Nov 1971 4004 2300 0.06 0.108Apr 1974 8080 6000 0.64 2Jun 1978 8086 29000 0.75 10Feb 1982 80286 134000 2.66 12Oct 1985 386DX 275000 5 16Apr 1989 80486 1200000 20 25Mar 1993 Pentium 3100000 112 66Nov 1995 Pentium Pro 5500000 428 200----------------------------------------------- Moore's Law has been (mis)interpreted to mean many things overthe years. In particular, microprocessor performance hasincreased faster than the number of transistors per chip. Thenumber of MIPS has, on average, doubled every 1.8 years forthe past 25 years, or every 1.6 years for the last 10 years.While more recent processors have had wider data paths,which would correspond to an increase in transistor count,their performance has also increased due to increased clock rates. Chip density in transistors per unit area has increased lessquickly - a factor of only 146 between the 4004 (12 mm^2) andthe Pentium Pro (196 mm^2) (doubling every 3.3 years).Feature size has decreased from 10 to 0.35 microns whichwould give over 800 times as many transistors per unit.However, the automatic layout required to cope with theincreased complexity is less efficient than the hand layoutused for early processors. http://intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv/html/hof/moore.htm. Intel Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide. "Birth of a Chip", Linley Gwennap, Byte, Dec 1996. See also March1997 "inbox". Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers, KenPolsson. See also Parkinson's Law of Data. Moore's law "The number of transistors and resistors on a chip doubles every 18 months," coined by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore regarding the pace of semiconductor technology. He said this in 1965 when there were approximately 60 devices on a chip. Proving Moore's law to be rather accurate, four decades later, Intel placed 1.7 billion transistors on its Itanium chip. In 1975, Moore extended the 18 months to 24 months. He also said the cost of a semiconductor manufacturing plant doubles with each generation of microprocessor. Reaching Another Law - That of Physics Using current silicon manufacturing methods, we are reaching a limit to miniaturization. As of 2019, 5 nanometer chips are about as small as we invision without a dramatic change in design and materials (see process technology). See laws. LegalSeeLaws Moore's Law Moore's Law In technology, a theory stating that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles every 18 months. Moore's Law was first articulated by George Moore, who co-founded Intel, in 1965. His original statement was that the doubling occurred every 12 months, but the pace has not been that fast for some time. Nevertheless, Moore's Law is expected to apply until at least 2017, when physical limitation is predicted to force the rate of development to slow.
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