| 释义 |
Animals
AnimalsSee also birds; bulls and bullfighting; cats; cocks; dogs; fish; horses; insects; reptiles; snakes; wolves; worms; zoology
acrodontismthe condition of having teeth without roots attached to the alveolar ridge of the jaws, as in certain animals. — acrodont, adj.amensalisma parasitic relationship between animals that has a destructive effect on one and no effect on the other. See also biology; plants.Animaliathe realm of animals; the animal kingdom.animality1. the state of being an animal.
2. animal existence or nature in human activity; the animal in man as opposed to the spiritual.anthropoglotan animal with a tongue like that of man, as the parrot.anthropoida creature resembling man, as an ape. — anthropoid, anthropoidal, adj.anthropopathism, anthropopathythe assignment of human feelings or passions to something not human, as a deity or an animal. — anthropopathic. adj.artiodactyla hoofed animal having an even number of toes or digits on each foot, as pigs, sheep, deer, etc. — artiodactylous, adj.bestiarian1. an advocate of kindness to animals.
2. British. an antivivisectionist.bestiarista compiler or writer of bestiaries.bestiaryan allegorical or moralizing commentary based upon real or fabled animals, usually medieval and sometimes illustrated.biodynamicsthe study of the physiological processes of plants and animals. — biodynamic, biodynamical, adj.bioecologythe branch of ecology that studies the interrelationship of plant and animal life in their common environment. — bioecologist, n. — bioecologic, bioecological, adj.biostaticsthe study of the relationship between structure and function in plants and animals. — biostatical, adj.biotathe animal or plant life of a particular region.brachiationa method of movement, characteristic of certain animals, by swinging with the arms from one hold to another.carcinologythe branch of zoology that studies crustaceans. — carcinologist, n. — carcinologic, carcinological, adj.carnivorea meat-eating animal. Cf. herbivore. — camivorous, adj.commensalisma relationship between animals or plants in which one lives with or on the other without damage to either. Cf. parasitism.conatusa vital force in plants or animals, similar to human effort. See also plants.doraphobiaan intense fear of contact with animal fur or skin. — doraphobe, n.echinologythe study of sea urchins. — echinologist, n.epizoisma nonparasitic relationship between animals in which one animal lives on the surface of the other.epizootic, epizootya disease affecting many animals at the same time; an epidemic amongst animals. — epizootic, adj.epizootiology, epizootologythe science concerned with the factors involved in the occurrence and spread of animal diseases. — epizootiologic, epizootiological, adj.estrus, oestrusthe condition of being in rut or sexual arousal, applied particularly to the female. Also spelled estrum, oestrum. — estrous, oestrous, adj.ethologythe study of animal behavior in relation to habitat. — ethologist, n. — ethological, adj.extispicyharuspicy. — extispex, n. — extispicious, Obsolete, adj.fauna1. the animal life of a particular time or region.
2. a study of or treatise on the animal life of a particular time or region. — faunal, adj.faunista person who studies or writes on animal life; a naturalist.faunologyzoogeography.haruspicationharuspicy.haruspicya form of divination by natural phenomena, especially from inspection of the entrails of animal sacrifices. Also called extispicy, haruspication. — haruspex, aruspex, n. — haruspical, adj.helminthologythe study of worms, especially internal worms.herbivorea plant-eating animal. Cf. carnivore. — herbivorous, adj.heterosisabnormal development, especially increased size, in plants or animals, usually as a result of cross-breeding.inquilinean animal that inhabits the burrow, nest, or other habitation of another animal. — inquiline, adj.lipotypea particular type of animal life whose absence is a characteristic of a region. — lipotypic, adj.locoisma disease, chiefly of farm animals, characterized by paralysis and impaired vision and caused by eating locoweed.manticorea mythical or fabulous beast with the head of a man, the body of a lion or tiger, and the feet and tail of a dragon or scorpion. Also spelled mantichora.morphologythe branch of biology that studies the structure and form of animals and plants. — morphologist, n. — morphologic, morphological, adj.musomaniaan abnormal love for mice.musophobiaan abnormal fear of mice.nealogythe science of the early or youthful stage of animal development. — nealogic, adj.organismany animal or plant.organographythe scientific description of the organs of plants and animals and of their structure and function. — organographist, n. — organographic, organographical, adj.organologythe study of the organs of plants and animals. — organologist, n. — organologic, organological, adj.oviparapl. animals that lay eggs. Cf. ovovivipara, vivipara. — oviparity, n. — oviparous, adj.ovoviviparapl. animals that lay eggs that are hatched in their bodies, so that young are born alive, without connection to a placenta.parasitisma relationship between animals in which one gains sustenance from the other. Cf. commensalism. See also biology; plants.phylona group with genetic relationship. Cf. phylum.phylumany of the major subdivisions of the plant or animal kingdom. Cf. phylon. See also linguistics.piggerya place where pigs are kept; pigpen; pigsty.predaceana carnivorous animal. — predaceous, predacious, adj.predationa relation between organisms or animals in which one feeds on the other. — predatory, adj.quadrata plot of land, square or rectangular, marked off or set out for the study of plant or animal life.rabbitry1. rabbits collectively.
2. a place where rabbits live or are kept.relictan animal or plant surviving in one area after becoming extinct else-where; a survival of an earlier period. — relict, adj.rookerya breeding or nesting place of rooks or of any gregarious bird or animal.stirpicultureselective breeding to develop strains with particular characteristics. — stirpicultural, adj.sybotismRare. the business and art of raising swine.taxidermythe art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals so that they appear lifelike. — taxidermist, n.terrariuma container for keeping small animals.theriomancya form of divination based upon observation of the movements of animals. Also called zoomancy.theriomorphismthe worship of deities that are partly animal and partly human in form. Also called therianthropism, theriolatry. — theriomorphic, theriomorphous, adj.thremmatologythe branch of biology that studies the breeding of domestic plants and animals.ungulatea mammal having hoofs, as the cow, horse, etc. — ungulate, adj.vaccaryObsolete. a cow house, shed, pasture, or other place where cows are kept. Also vachery.virilescencea condition of some animals, and especially of some fowls, in which the female, when old, assumes some of the characteristics of the male of the species. — virilescent, adj.vivariuman enclosed environment, as a glass container, in which plants or animals are raised under conditions that approximate their natural habitat. Also vivary.vivarya vivarium.viviparapl. animals that bear living young. Cf. ovipara, ovovivipara. — viviparity, n. — viviparous, adj.vulpicide1. the killing of a fox by methods other than by hunting it with hounds.
2. the killer of a fox.zoanthropya derangement in which a person believes himself to be an animal and acts accordingly. — zoanthropic, adj.zoiatriathe science of veterinary surgery.zoobiologyzoology.zoogeographythe distribution of animal life by geographical location. — zoogeographer, n. — zoogeographic, zoogeographical, adj.zoogony, zoogeny1. the generation of animals.
2. a study of animal generation. — zoogonic, zoogenic, adj.zoography1. the branch of zoology concerned with animal description.
2. pictorial art in general, but especially that which shows animals. — zoographer, n. — zoographic, zoographical, adj.zoolatrythe worship of animal gods. Cf. theriomorphism. Also called zootheism. — zoolater, n.zoologythe branch of biology that studies and classifles all living creatures. — zoologist, n. — zoological, adj.zoomancya form of divination based upon the observation of animals or their movements under certain circumstances. Also called theriomancy.zoomaniaan abnormal love of animals.zoometrythe measurement and comparison of the sizes of animals and their parts.zoomorphismthe attribution of animal form or nature, especially to a deity. — zoomorphic, adj.zoonomy, zoonomiathe laws of animal life or the animal kingdom. — zoonomist, n. — zoonomic, adj.zoopathologythe study or science of the diseases of animals; animal pathology. Also zoopathy.zoopathyzoopathology.zooperythe performing of experiments on animals, especially the lower animals. — zooperal, adj.zoophiliaa love of animals. — zoophile, n.zoophilism, zoophilylove of animals. — zoophilist, n. — zoophilous, adj.zoophobiaan abnormal dread of animals. — zoophobe, n.zoophysicsthe study of animal physiology and form. — zoophysical, adj.zoophysiologythe physiology of animals, as distinct from that of humans.zoophytean animal, as a sponge, coral, etc, that resembles a plant more than an animal; any of the Zoophyta. — zoophytic, zoophytical, zoophytoid, adj.zoophytologythe branch of zoology concerned with the zoophytes. — zoophytological, adj.zooplastythe process of surgically grafting tissue from a lower animal onto the human body. — zooplastic, adj.zoopsiaa form of hallucination in which the sufferer imagines he sees animals. Also zooscopy.zoopsychologya branch of psychology that studies animal behavior.zooscopyzoopsia.zootaxyzoological classification; the scientific classification of animals.zootechnythe principles of animal husbandry. Also spelled zootechnics. — zootechnician, n. — zootechnical, adj.zootheismthe worship of animal gods; zoolatry. — zootheist, n.zootomy1. the dissection of animals other than man.
2. the anatomy of animals. — zootomist, n. — zootomic, zootomical, adj.Animals See Also: BIRDS, INSECTS - The cat … carried his tail like a raised sword —Helen Hudson
- The cat was sleeping on the floor like a tipped-over roller skate —Paul Theroux
- Crows … circle in the sky like a flight of blackened leaves —Stephen Vincent Benet
- Dogs … all snarls and teeth like knives —George Garrett
- Dog … with a marking down his breast like a flowing polka-dot tie. He was like a tiny shepherd —Eudora Welty
- Dour as a wet cat —Warren Beck
- Fins [on fish] like scimitars —Richard Maynard
- Frogs sparkling like wet suns —Margaret Atwood
- He [a dog] dragged her around the block like a horse pulling a wheelless carriage —Margaret Millar
- A herd of black and white cows moved slowly across a distant field, like pieces of torn paper adrift on a dark pond —Hilary Masters
- His tail [a cat’s] waved like a pine tree —Sheila Kaye-Smith
- The Llama is a wooly sort of fleecy hairy goat with an indolent expression and an undulating throat. Like an unsuccessful literary man —Hilaire Belloc
- [A cow] lying on her back like a fat old party in a bathtub —Edward Hoagland
- [A cat] purring like a Packard engine. It worked like a lullaby —Harold Adams
- Sheep huddled like fallen clouds —George Garrett
- Silver whiskers … like rice-threads —D. H. Lawrence
The silver whiskers described by Lawrence belong to a fox, from which his story takes its title. - Squirrels … fat as housecats —Doris Lessing
- Swarms of bees like a buzzing cloud flew from flower to flower —Erich Maria Remarque
- A white poodle … like an animated powder puff —Penelope Gilliatt
- Wings of the swans are folded now like the sheets of a long letter —Donald Justice
Animals
 Animals such as cats and dogs apparently have dreams, too, just like people; animals are also a theme in many people’s dreams. What does it mean when you dream about animals?The observation of animal sleep patterns has long been of interest, dating as far back as 44 B.C.E., when the Roman natural philosopher Lucretius described “the twitching movements of dogs sleeping upon the hearth” (Hobson, p. 151—see Sources). However, it was during the 1950s that research into the sleep patterns of animals really peaked: first with the discovery by William Dement, that cats exhibit the phase of sleep called rapid eye movement (REM), followed by the experiments of two Frenchmen, neurosurgeon Michel Jouvet and his co-worker, the neurologist Francois Michel. Jouvet and Michel observed that a sleeping cat, devoid of motor output or movement, still exhibits an activated EEG, which means that while an animal is asleep, its mind is awake. Jouvet’s discovery led to the general understanding that during REM sleep “the body’s muscles are actively inhibited.” In essence, “we would act out our dreams were it not for this inhibitory suppression of motor output” (Hobson, p. 150—see Sources). Further, because it has been found humans experience the most active dreaming during REM sleep, this research may indicate that animals do dream, although it is, of course, impossible to say for sure because of the communication barrier. It has been suggested that when animals dream, they are focused on the types of things they usually do in their waking state. For example, animals that use their noses a lot, such as dogs, have dreams with a significant olfactory component. There was one behavioral study that showed that monkeys have visual dreams. Some monkeys were taught to respond to visual stimuli by pressing a button. Later, when they were sleeping, they made hand motions as if they were pressing buttons, suggesting that they were seeing something. To add further credence, in a separate study, a gorilla who had been taught sign language put together two signs to form the combined term sleep pictures, presumably a reference to the visual components of dreams. Again, in an experiment on cats, portions of the brainstem responsible for muscle inhibition during REM sleep were damaged. These cats entered REM sleep, and rather than lying quietly with their eyes moving, they stood up, walked around, and chased imaginary creatures, as if they were acting out their dreams without waking up. Such findings, as well as our everyday observations of household pets that growl and make movements in their sleep, make it almost certain that animals dream in much the same way that we dream. The implications of this conclusion, however, tend to undermine certain dream theories, such as Sigmund Freud‘s notion that the sole purpose of dreams is to allow us to act out socially unacceptable urges—an idea clearly inapplicable to animals.
What does it mean when you dream about animals?The symbolism of animals is highly complex, as different creatures have been used to represent a variety of different notions. A proper interpretation also depends on one’s personal associations with animals. Generically, animals symbolize the physical, instinctual, “animal” self, and wild dream beasts that one cannot specifically identify usually represent this aspect of the self (or “beastlike” people in one’s environment). One should be careful about this generalization, however, because certain other, more specific animals (e.g., birds) can symbolize precisely the opposite (e.g., the higher self or the soul). animals
LegalSeeAnimalanimals
FelinesFormerly-issued Treasury securities whose coupons had been stripped by an intermediary. Felines therefore paid no interest. They were sold at a significant discount from par and matured at par. Felines fluctuated in price, sometimes dramatically, because changes in interest rates made them more or less desirable. There were a variety of different felines during the early 1980s, all with "feline" acronyms, such as CATS, COUGRS, and TIGRS. They became largely obsolete after 1986, when the U.S. Treasury began issuing its own stripped bonds. See also: zero-coupon bonds, STRIPS.animals Zero-coupon receipts on U.S. Treasury securities that have been repackaged and sold to investors under names such as CATS®, TIGRSM, and LIONS. Also called felines. See also coupon stripping.AcronymsSeeASPA |