(in electronic engineering), a device that provides a constant output voltage level when the value of the input voltage exceeds a limiting threshold. Limiters are used extensively in pulse technology to shape and transform pulses and in radio broadcasting and multichannel communication apparatus to limit signal levels. Amplitude limiters provide a specified maximum level for the amplitudes of the fundamental oscillation (first harmonic); limiters of instantaneous values “clip off” any overshoots of oscillations.
The operation of a limiter depends on abrupt change in the conductivity of a nonlinear component (transistor, semiconductor
Figure 1. Circuit of a limiter and curves explaining its operation: (A) operating characteristic of the limiter; (B) curve of the input voltage Uin; (C) curve of the output voltage Uout; (Uu1) and (U11) voltages of sources of emf in the diode circuits that determine the lower and upper limiting thresholds, respectively; (U1) and (Uu) lower and upper levels of the limited voltage; (Uinst) instantaneous value of the oscillation amplitudes; (a – b) linear portion of the limiter characteristic; (R) limiting resistor; (RL) load (output) resistor; (D1) and (D2) semiconductor diodes
diode, electron tube, and so on) when the amplitude or instantaneous value of the input voltage reaches the limiting threshold; because of this, a futher increase in the amplitude or instantaneous value of the output voltage is stopped (see Figure 1). A distinction is made between limiters with unilateral operation (with only an upper or lower limiting threshold) and clipper-limiters.
V. M. TIMOFEEV