| 释义 |
mortar
 mortarmortar (background) and pestle (foreground)mor·tar M0430000 (môr′tər)n.1. A vessel in which substances are crushed or ground with a pestle.2. A machine in which materials are ground and blended or crushed.3. a. A portable, usually muzzleloading cannon used to fire shells at low velocities, short ranges, and high trajectories.b. A shell fired by such a cannon.c. Any of several similar devices, such as one that shoots life lines across a stretch of water.d. A short, usually stationary, muzzleloading cannon used from the 1700s to early 1900s to fire large round shells at low velocities, short ranges, and high trajectories.4. Any of various bonding materials used in masonry, surfacing, and plastering, especially a mixture of cement or lime, sand, and water that hardens in place and is used to bind together bricks or stones.tr.v. mor·tared, mor·tar·ing, mor·tars 1. To bombard with mortar shells.2. To plaster or join with mortar.
[Middle English morter, from Old English mortere and from Old French mortier, both from Latin mortārium; see mer- in Indo-European roots.]mortar (ˈmɔːtə) n1. (Building) a mixture of cement or lime or both with sand and water, used as a bond between bricks or stones or as a covering on a wall2. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) a muzzle-loading cannon having a short barrel and relatively wide bore that fires low-velocity shells in high trajectories over a short range3. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) a similar device for firing lifelines, fireworks, etc4. (Ceramics) a vessel, usually bowl-shaped, in which substances are pulverized with a pestle5. (Mining & Quarrying) mining a cast-iron receptacle in which ore is crushedvb (tr) 6. (Building) to join (bricks or stones) or cover (a wall) with mortar7. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) to fire on with mortars8. dialect Midland English to trample (on)[C13: from Latin mortārium basin in which mortar is mixed; in some senses, via Old French mortier substance mixed inside such a vessel]mor•tar1 (ˈmɔr tər)
n. 1. a bowl-shaped receptacle of hard material in which substances are pounded or ground with a pestle. 2. any of various mechanical appliances in which substances are pounded or ground. 3. a cannon very short in proportion to its bore, for throwing shells at high angles. 4. some similar device, as for throwing pyrotechnic bombs or a lifeline. [before 1000; Middle English, Old English mortere and Old French mortier < Latin mortārium; in definitions 3,4 translation of French mortier < Latin, as above; see -ar2] mor•tar2 (ˈmɔr tər)
n. 1. a mixture of lime or cement or a combination of both with sand and water, used as a bonding agent between bricks, stones, etc. v.t. 2. to plaster or fix with mortar. [1250–1300; Middle English < Anglo-French; Old French mortier mortar1, hence the mixture produced in it] mor′tar•less, adj. mor′tar•y, adj. mortarA muzzle-loading, indirect fire weapon with either a rifled or smooth bore. It usually has a shorter range than a howitzer, employs a higher angle of fire, and has a tube with a length of 10 to 20 calibers. See also gun; howitzer.mortar
Past participle: mortared
Gerund: mortaring
| Present |
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| I mortar | | you mortar | | he/she/it mortars | | we mortar | | you mortar | | they mortar |
| Preterite |
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| I mortared | | you mortared | | he/she/it mortared | | we mortared | | you mortared | | they mortared |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am mortaring | | you are mortaring | | he/she/it is mortaring | | we are mortaring | | you are mortaring | | they are mortaring |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have mortared | | you have mortared | | he/she/it has mortared | | we have mortared | | you have mortared | | they have mortared |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was mortaring | | you were mortaring | | he/she/it was mortaring | | we were mortaring | | you were mortaring | | they were mortaring |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had mortared | | you had mortared | | he/she/it had mortared | | we had mortared | | you had mortared | | they had mortared |
| Future |
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| I will mortar | | you will mortar | | he/she/it will mortar | | we will mortar | | you will mortar | | they will mortar |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have mortared | | you will have mortared | | he/she/it will have mortared | | we will have mortared | | you will have mortared | | they will have mortared |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be mortaring | | you will be mortaring | | he/she/it will be mortaring | | we will be mortaring | | you will be mortaring | | they will be mortaring |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been mortaring | | you have been mortaring | | he/she/it has been mortaring | | we have been mortaring | | you have been mortaring | | they have been mortaring |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been mortaring | | you will have been mortaring | | he/she/it will have been mortaring | | we will have been mortaring | | you will have been mortaring | | they will have been mortaring |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been mortaring | | you had been mortaring | | he/she/it had been mortaring | | we had been mortaring | | you had been mortaring | | they had been mortaring |
| Conditional |
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| I would mortar | | you would mortar | | he/she/it would mortar | | we would mortar | | you would mortar | | they would mortar |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have mortared | | you would have mortared | | he/she/it would have mortared | | we would have mortared | | you would have mortared | | they would have mortared |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  mortar - a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short rangehowitzer, trench mortarhigh-angle gun - a cannon that can be fired at a high elevation for relatively short ranges | | 2. | mortar - used as a bond in masonry or for covering a wallbuilding material - material used for constructing buildingscement - a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar | | 3. | mortar - a bowl-shaped vessel in which substances can be ground and mixed with a pestlevessel - an object used as a container (especially for liquids) | | Verb | 1. | mortar - plaster with mortar; "mortar the wall"masonry - the craft of a masondaub, plaster - coat with plaster; "daub the wall" |
Translationsmortar1 (ˈmoːtə) noun a mixture of cement, sand and water, used in building eg to hold bricks in place. 灰泥漿 灰泥浆
mortar2 (ˈmoːtə) noun a type of short gun for firing shells upwards, in close-range attacks. 迫擊砲 迫击炮
mortar3 (ˈmoːtə) noun a dish in which to grind substances, especially with a pestle. 搗缽，磨臼 研钵，臼 mortar
brick-and-mortarReferring to a physical location for something, typically a business (usually as opposed to an online destination). You can order these shoes online or pick them up in one of our convenient brick-and-mortar locations.bricks and mortar1. noun A phrase used to refer to buildings collectively and non-specifically. I think the hospital is too focused on funding bricks and mortar—the construction here has been going on for far too long.2. adjective Fundamental and necessary. In this usage, the phrase is usually hyphenated. The candidate has yet to state the bricks-and-mortar components of his economic plan.See also: and, brick, mortarbricks-and-mortarReferring to a physical location for something, typically a business (usually as opposed to an online destination). You can order these shoes online or pick them up in one of our convenient bricks-and-mortar locations.bricks and mortarbuildings; the expenditure of money on buildings rather than something else. (The buildings referred to can be constructed out of anything.) The new president of the college preferred to invest in new faculty members rather than bricks and mortar. Sometimes people are happy to donate millions of dollars for bricks and mortar, but they never think of the additional cost of annual maintenance.See also: and, brick, mortarbrick(s)-and-mortar[of commercial establishements] based in buildings rather than relying on online sales over the Internet. Many of the dot-com business owners have never been involved in a brick-and-mortar business.See also: brickbricks and mortarBasic and essential, as in Matthew Arnold's essay (1865): "Margate, that bricks-and-mortar image of British Protestantism." This phrase transfers essential building materials to other fundamental matters. It also may be used more literally to denote a building or buildings (whether or not made of bricks and mortar), as in The alumni prefer to see their donations in the form of bricks and mortar. [Mid-1800s] See also: and, brick, mortarbricks and ˈmortar a building, especially when you are thinking of it in connection with how much it cost to build or how much it is worth: A home isn’t just bricks and mortar. ♢ We now need funding to turn the plans into bricks and mortar.The modern way of doing business through the Internet as well as from buildings and shops can be referred to as clicks and mortar, where ‘clicks’ refers to the use of the mouse and the Internet.See also: and, brick, mortarmortar
mortar, in warfare, term originally applied to certain types of artilleryartillery,
originally meant any large weaponry (including such ancient engines of war as catapults and battering rams) or war material, but later applied only to heavy firearms as opposed to small arms.
..... Click the link for more information. with high trajectories, but later applied to an infantry weapon that consists of a tube supported by a bipod that fires a projectile at a very high trajectory. The mortar is not usually classified as artillery. Unlike standard types of artillery, mortars need no complex recoil equipment and are usually smoothbore and muzzle-loaded. Their weight is light in relation to the weight of shell delivered, but at the expense of range and accuracy. First developed by Sir Frederick Stokes during World War I, the mortar was used by infantry in trench warfare and is standard equipment in modern armies.
mortar, in building, mixture of lime or cementcement,
binding material used in construction and engineering, often called hydraulic cement, typically made by heating a mixture of limestone and clay until it almost fuses and then grinding it to a fine powder.
..... Click the link for more information. with sand and water, used as a bedding and adhesive between adjacent pieces of stone, brick, or other material in masonry construction. Lime mortar, a common variety, consists usually of one volume of well-slaked lime to three or four volumes of sand, thoroughly mixed with sufficient water to make a uniform paste easily handled on a trowel. Lime mortar hardens by absorption of carbon dioxide from the air. Once universally used, lime mortar is now less important because it does not have the property of setting underwater and because of its comparatively low strength. It has largely been supplanted by cement mortar, commonly made of one volume of Portland cement to two or three volumes of sand, usually with a quantity of lime paste added to give a more workable mix. Cement mortar, besides having a high strength, generally equal to that of brick itself, has the very great advantage of setting or hardening underwater. Other varieties include gauge mortar, for rapid setting, composed of plaster of Paris used either pure or combined with lime or with lime and sand, and grout, a thin liquid mixture of lime or cement, poured into masonry to fill up small interstices. Primitive mortars took various forms: in early Egypt, Nile mud was used as an adhesive; the Mesopotamians used bitumen (the slime mentioned in Genesis) or sometimes a mixture of clay, water, and chopped straw, to cement together their unbaked bricks; Greeks of the Mycenaean era probably employed a soft bituminous clay. The advanced Greek buildings are notable for their construction without mortar, the huge blocks of stone being consummately fitted with dry beds. The Romans likewise used little mortar in cut stonework or vaulting but in later periods bedded the rough stone of their mass masonry in strong cement mortar. In medieval times and in all periods since, mortar of some sort has been almost universally used in masonry construction.Mortar a smooth-bore gun for high-angle fire against concealed targets and for the destruction of field fortifications. The main combat characteristics of the mortar are the high power of the ammunition (mortar shell), high maximum rate of fire, relatively light weight, simplicity of design and combat application, and constant readiness to open fire without special preparation. The curvature of trajectory of the mortar shells (the angles of barrel elevation range from 45° to 85°) makes it possible to destroy protected targets that cannot be hit by rifles or machine guns or flat-trajectory artillery fire. Mortars are included in troop (in foreign armies, “field”) artillery. Mortar shells were first fired successfully from an artillery gun by Russian troops during the defense of Port Arthur in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. This experiment was imitated by other countries, and mortars of various calibers were developed. During World War I (1914–18) the most common mortars in the Russian Army were the 47-mm and 58-mm E. A. Likhonin mortars with a range of fire of 390 m and 510m, respectively, combat weight of 90 kg and 150 kg, and shell weight of 21 kg and 36 kg. In the late 1930’s, 50-mm, 82-mm, 107-mm, and 120-mm mortars were developed and adopted in the USSR; | Table 1. Mortars used in various armies in World War II |
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| | Caliber(mm) | Combat weight(kg) | Shell weight(kg) | Range of fire(m) | | Company................... | 50–60 | 9–19 | 0.8–1.3 | 430–1,800 | | Battalion................... | 81–82 | 50–60 | 3.1–4.5 | 2,500–3,700 | | Regiment................... | 105–120 | 170–280 | 9–16 | 3,700–6,200 | | Division................... | 160 | 1,170 | 40.5 | 5,500 |
these guns were superior in combat characteristics to the foreign 50-mm, 81-mm, 105-mm, and 119-mm mortars. During World War II (1939–45) mortars were used extensively in all the combatant armies (see Table 1). Mortars were used on a large scale in all the operations of the Soviet Army in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. Between 1941 and 1945, Soviet industry turned out 347,900 mortars; in Germany about 68,000 mortars were produced between 1941 and 1944. In the postwar years Soviet troops adopted improved high-power 160-mm and 240-mm mortars. Present-day mortars of various armed forces have calibers ranging from 81 mm to 240 mm, the mortar shells weigh between 3 kg and 130 kg, the maximum range of fire varies from 2,500 m to 10,000 m, and combat weights range from 35 kg to 3,600 kg. Mortars are divided into muzzle-loaders and breechloaders according to the method of loading. Small and medium caliber mortars (from 50 mm to 120 mm) are muzzle-loaded, whereas large ones (more than 120 mm) are loaded by the breech. Mortars are divided by barrel design into smooth-bore and rifled. Depending on the method of transportation, mortars may be carried (in a motor vehicle or armored personnel carrier), towed (in a trailer behind a prime Moler), self-propelled (on tracks or wheels), and packed (on draft animals in the mountains). REFERENCELatukhin, A. N. Minomety. Moscow, 1970.A. N. LATUKHIN
Mortar a construction material obtained from the hardening of specially selected mixtures of a binder with water (less often, without water) and a finely ground concrete aggregate. Depending on the use, mortars are divided into those used in masonry structures (primarily of brick and quarry stone), those used for plastering and the application of decorative layers on wall panels and blocks, and special mortars, such as water-insulating, acid-resistant, and acoustic mortars and mortars used to plug holes and cracks. A distinction is made between mortars with inorganic binders, such as cement, lime, gypsum, and mixtures thereof, for example, lime-cement, and mortars with organic binders, such as polymer and asphalt mortars. Depending on the density, a distinction is made between heavy mortars (made with ordinary sand), with densities of 1,500 to 2,500 kg/m3, and lightweight mortars, with densities less than 1,500 kg/m3. To obtain lightweight mortars, finely ground, porous concrete aggregates are used, and the prepared binder mixed with water is made porous. Nine grades of mortars (grade 4 to grade 300) are distinguished on the basis of compressive strength (from 4 to 300 kg-force/cm2, or 0.4 to 30 meganewtons/m2). The most common mortars are those made with mineral binders and used for masonry work and finishing. The general theory of such mortars was first developed in the USSR in the 1930’s by N. A. Popov. Analogous in composition to fine-aggregate or sand concretes, mortars differ from these concretes by their greater plasticity and, generally, lower strength; these properties dictate the specific use of mortars in the form of thin layers, which result from the setting of mortar mixtures on a porous base, such as brick or wood. To obtain mortars of the required strength, the mortar mixture must have the required workability and water retentivity. The degree of workability is determined by the depth to which a standard metal cone, called a StroiTsNIL cone, sinks into the mortar. The water retentivity is the degree to which the mixed mortar resists separation into layers during transport and retains moisture while setting on a porous base, which is necessary for the normal hardening process. In order to reduce the amount of cement used in preparing low-grade mortars and to impart greater plasticity, low-strength but highly plastic binders, such as lime and clay, are added to the cement, finely ground additives, such as slags, ash from steam power plants, and sand, are introduced into the mortar, and surface-active plasticizer additives are used. As a rule, mortars are prepared at special factories or mortar-mixing installations and then shipped to construction sites. Dry mortars, which are to be mixed with water before use, are also produced. At construction sites, mortar is distributed to various points by means of mortar pumps. In modern construction, some mortars have a mixture of polymer and mineral binders, for example, polyvinyl acetate cement; these mortars adhere strongly to a base and are widely used, as are mortars having polymer binders and high chemical stability and strength and good decorative qualities. Such mortars are used mainly for floor coverings in public and industrial buildings. REFERENCESStroitel’nye normy i pravila. Part 1, third section, ch. 2: Viazhushchie materialy neorganicheskie i dobavki dlia betonov i rastvorov. Moscow, 1969.
Ukazaniia po prigotovleniiu i primeneniiu stroitel’nykh rastvorov: SN 290–64. Moscow, 1965.
Vorob’ev, V. A., and A. G. Komar. Stroitel’nye materialy. Moscow, 1971.K. N. POPOV mortar[′mȯrd·ər] (materials) A mixture of cement, lime, and sand used for laying bricks or masonry. (ordnance) A complete projectile-firing weapon, with rifled or smooth bore, characterized by a shorter barrel, lower velocity, shorter range, and higher angle of fire than a howitzer or a gun; most present-day mortars are muzzle-loaded and of simple construction for lightness and mobility. (science and technology) A bowl-shaped vessel made of hard material in which solids are crushed by hand with a pestle. Mortar A binding agent used in construction of clay brick, concrete masonry, and natural stone masonry walls and, to much less extent, landscape pavements. Modern mortars are improved versions of the lime and sand mixtures historically used in building masonry walls. See Brick, Masonry Masonry mortar is composed of one or more cementitious materials, such as masonry cement or portland cement and lime, clean sand, and sufficient water to produce a plastic, workable mixture. Mortars are closely related to concrete but, like grout, generally do not contain coarse aggregate. Mortars function with the same calcium silicate-based chemistry as concrete and grouts, bonding with masonry units into a contiguous, weatherproof surface in the process. Masonry cement or portland cement-lime mortars can be formulated to address job-specific requirements including setting time, rate of hardening, water retentivity, and extended workability. See Cement, Concrete, Grout mortar, mortar mixA plastic mixture of cementitious materials (such as plaster, cement, or lime) with water and a fine aggregate (such as sand); can be troweled in the plastic state; hardens in place. When used in masonry construction, the mixture may contain masonry cement or ordinary hydraulic cement with lime (and often other admixtures) to increase its plasticity and durability. also see clay-and-hair mortar, gypsum mortar, lime mortar.mortar a vessel, usually bowl-shaped, in which substances are pulverized with a pestle mortar
mortar [mor´ter] a vessel with a rounded internal surface, used with a pestle, for reducing a solid to a powder or producing a homogeneous mixture of solids.mor·tar (mōr'tăr), A vessel with rounded interior in which crude drugs and other substances are crushed or bruised by means of a pestle. [L. mortarium] mor·tar (mōr'tăr) A vessel with a rounded interior in which crude drugs and other substances are crushed or bruised by means of a pestle. [L. mortarium]mor·tar (mōr'tăr) Vessel with rounded interior in which substances may be crushed with a pestle. [L. mortarium]See MTR
See MORTmortar
Related to mortar: howitzer, mortar mixSynonyms for mortarnoun a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short rangeSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun used as a bond in masonry or for covering a wallRelated Wordsnoun a bowl-shaped vessel in which substances can be ground and mixed with a pestleRelated Wordsverb plaster with mortarRelated Words |