lymphomas

lymphoma

(lim-fo'ma ) ('mat-a) plural.lymphomaslymphomata [ lymph- + -oma] A malignant neoplasm originating from lymphocytes. Common forms of lymphoma are listed in the subentries below. These include Hodgkin disease, mycosis fungoides, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.lymphomatous ('mat-us), adjective See: Hodgkin disease

Staging

Staging of both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma is as follows: Stage I: involvement of a single lymph node or localized involvement. Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. Stage III: Involvement of several lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV: Involvement of extralymphatic tissue, such as the bone marrow.

anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Abbreviation: ALCL
A rare form of non-Hodgkin, T-cell lymphoma that may behave indolently when limited to the skin or may be more aggressive and spread to lymph nodes throughout the body.

body cavity lymphoma

Primary effusion lymphoma.

Burkitt lymphoma

See: Burkitt lymphoma

CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA: Raised reddish-purple plaque on the skin of the hip

cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Abbreviation: CTCL.
A malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a predilection for infiltrating the skin. In its earliest stages, it often is mistaken for a mild, chronic dermatitis because it appears as itchy macules and patches, often on the chest or trunk. Later, the lesions may thicken, become nodular, or spread throughout the entire surface of the skin, the internal organs, or the bloodstream. See: illustration

follicular lymphoma

A B-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma found in adult and older patients. It results from a translocation of an oncogene from chromosome 14 to chromosome 18 [t(14; 18)]. Most instances of this lymphoma are indolent or slow growing.

hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma

A rare, rapidly progressive lymphoma that develops in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It has been identified in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Hodgkin lymphoma

See: Hodgkin, Thomas

Mediterranean lymphoma

Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.

NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: Bizarre-appearing lymphocytes revealing active mitosis (orig. mag. ×1000)

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Abbreviation: NHL
Any of a group of malignant tumors of B or T lymphocytes. In 2008, the American Cancer Society estimated that about 66,100 Americans would be newly diagnosed with the disease. See: illustration; Hodgkin disease

Symptoms

Painless lymphadenopathy in two thirds of patients is the most frequent presenting symptom. Others have fever, night sweats, and loss of 10% or more of body weight in the 6 months before presenting with symptoms of infiltration into nonlymphoid tissue. Additional involvement is in peripheral areas such as epitrochlear nodes, the tonsillar area, and bone marrow. NHL is 50% more frequent in occurrence in men than in women of similar age. In most cases the cause of NHL is unknown, but patients who have received immunosuppressive agents have an over 100 times greater chance of developing NHL, probably because the immunosuppressive agents activate tumor viruses.

Treatment

Specific therapy depends on the type, grade, and stage of the lymphoma. Combination chemotherapies, bone marrow transplantation, radiation therapy, and photochemotherapy may be given, depending on the specific diagnosis.

primary effusion lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma that typically arises in body cavities such as the pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial spaces. It is caused by Kaposisarcoma herpesvirus (human herpes virus 8) and is usually found in patients with advanced immune suppression. Synonym: body cavity lymphoma

lymphomas

A group of cancers of lymphoid tissue, especially the lymph nodes and the spleen. There are two kinds. If certain large, irregular, multinucleated cells, called Reed-Sternberg cells, are present, the disease is called HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA. If not, it is called a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 90 per cent of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are of clonal masses of B cells, 10 per cent of T cell origin. They vary considerably in their degree of malignancy and have many features in common with certain leukaemias. There is tiredness, loss of weight and sometimes fever. At a certain stage there may be pressure on various structures of the body. This may cause paralysis by compression of the spinal cord, difficulty in swallowing from pressure on the oesophagus, difficulty in breathing, obstruction of the bowel causing vomiting, and obstruction of the lymph vessels causing lymphoedema. Treatment depends on the cell type and on the extent of spread. In some cases, no treatment is needed and often patients are watched for years without intervention. But when treatment is required, radiotherapy is often best and may be curative. See also BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA.

单词	lymphomas
释义	DictionarySeelymphoma lymphomas lymphoma (lim-fo'ma ) ('mat-a) plural.lymphomaslymphomata [ lymph- + -oma] A malignant neoplasm originating from lymphocytes. Common forms of lymphoma are listed in the subentries below. These include Hodgkin disease, mycosis fungoides, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.lymphomatous ('mat-us), adjective See: Hodgkin disease Staging Staging of both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma is as follows: Stage I: involvement of a single lymph node or localized involvement. Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. Stage III: Involvement of several lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV: Involvement of extralymphatic tissue, such as the bone marrow. anaplastic large cell lymphoma Abbreviation: ALCL A rare form of non-Hodgkin, T-cell lymphoma that may behave indolently when limited to the skin or may be more aggressive and spread to lymph nodes throughout the body. body cavity lymphoma Primary effusion lymphoma. Burkitt lymphoma See: Burkitt lymphomaCUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA: Raised reddish-purple plaque on the skin of the hip cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Abbreviation: CTCL. A malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a predilection for infiltrating the skin. In its earliest stages, it often is mistaken for a mild, chronic dermatitis because it appears as itchy macules and patches, often on the chest or trunk. Later, the lesions may thicken, become nodular, or spread throughout the entire surface of the skin, the internal organs, or the bloodstream. See: illustration follicular lymphoma A B-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma found in adult and older patients. It results from a translocation of an oncogene from chromosome 14 to chromosome 18 [t(14; 18)]. Most instances of this lymphoma are indolent or slow growing. hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma A rare, rapidly progressive lymphoma that develops in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It has been identified in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Hodgkin lymphoma See: Hodgkin, Thomas Mediterranean lymphoma Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: Bizarre-appearing lymphocytes revealing active mitosis (orig. mag. ×1000) non-Hodgkin lymphoma Abbreviation: NHL Any of a group of malignant tumors of B or T lymphocytes. In 2008, the American Cancer Society estimated that about 66,100 Americans would be newly diagnosed with the disease. See: illustration; Hodgkin disease Symptoms Painless lymphadenopathy in two thirds of patients is the most frequent presenting symptom. Others have fever, night sweats, and loss of 10% or more of body weight in the 6 months before presenting with symptoms of infiltration into nonlymphoid tissue. Additional involvement is in peripheral areas such as epitrochlear nodes, the tonsillar area, and bone marrow. NHL is 50% more frequent in occurrence in men than in women of similar age. In most cases the cause of NHL is unknown, but patients who have received immunosuppressive agents have an over 100 times greater chance of developing NHL, probably because the immunosuppressive agents activate tumor viruses. Treatment Specific therapy depends on the type, grade, and stage of the lymphoma. Combination chemotherapies, bone marrow transplantation, radiation therapy, and photochemotherapy may be given, depending on the specific diagnosis. primary effusion lymphoma A non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma that typically arises in body cavities such as the pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial spaces. It is caused by Kaposisarcoma herpesvirus (human herpes virus 8) and is usually found in patients with advanced immune suppression. Synonym: body cavity lymphoma lymphomas A group of cancers of lymphoid tissue, especially the lymph nodes and the spleen. There are two kinds. If certain large, irregular, multinucleated cells, called Reed-Sternberg cells, are present, the disease is called HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA. If not, it is called a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 90 per cent of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are of clonal masses of B cells, 10 per cent of T cell origin. They vary considerably in their degree of malignancy and have many features in common with certain leukaemias. There is tiredness, loss of weight and sometimes fever. At a certain stage there may be pressure on various structures of the body. This may cause paralysis by compression of the spinal cord, difficulty in swallowing from pressure on the oesophagus, difficulty in breathing, obstruction of the bowel causing vomiting, and obstruction of the lymph vessels causing lymphoedema. Treatment depends on the cell type and on the extent of spread. In some cases, no treatment is needed and often patients are watched for years without intervention. But when treatment is required, radiotherapy is often best and may be curative. See also BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA.
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