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单词 neuroglia
释义

neuroglia

enUK

neu·rog·li·a

N0071600 (no͝o-rŏg′lē-ə, nyo͝o-, no͝or′ə-glē′ə, -glī′-, nyo͝or′-)n. The supportive tissue of the nervous system, including the network of branched cells in the central nervous system (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) and the supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system (Schwann cells and satellite cells). Also called glia.
[neuro- + Medieval Greek glia, glue; see zoogloea.]
neu·rog′li·al adj.

neuroglia

(njʊˈrɒɡlɪə) n (Anatomy) another name for glia

neu•rog•li•a

(nʊˈrɒg li ə, nyʊ-)

n. a class of cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting and insulating structure for the neurons. [1870–75; neuro- + Late Greek glía glue] neu•rog′li•al, adj.

neuroglia

Cells in nerve tissue that support the cells that convey nerve impulses.
Thesaurus
Noun1.neuroglia - sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous systemgliainterstitial tissue - tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animalglial cell, neurogliacyte, neuroglial cell - a cell of the neurogliaastroglia, macroglia - tissue consisting of large stellate neuroglial cellsmicroglia - neuroglial tissue of mesodermal origin that can become phagocyticoligodendria, oligodendroglia - tissue consisting of glial cells with sheetlike processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fiberscentral nervous system, CNS, systema nervosum centrale - the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cordglioma - a tumor of the brain consisting of neuroglia

Neuroglia

enUK

neuroglia

[nu̇′räg·lē·ə] (neuroscience) The nonnervous, supporting elements of the nervous system.

Neuroglia

 

(also glia), the group of interstitial cells whose cell bodies and outgrowths fill the spaces in the brain and spinal cord between the capillary blood vessels and the nerve cells, or neurons.

Each neuron is surrounded by several neuroglial cells. The neuroglia is evenly distributed over the entire brain and accounts for approximately 40 percent of the brain’s volume. There are about 140 billion neuroglial cells within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS); they differ from neurons in size (neuroglial cells are three to four times smaller) and in morphological and biochemical characteristics. In contrast to neurons, the cells of the neuroglia retain the capacity to divide. This is why the number of neurons in the CNS decreases with age, while the number of neuroglial cells increases. The neuroglia acts as a protective layer for the neurons and forms part of the blood-brain barrier between the bloodstream and the encephalic neurons. This barrier regulates the passage of matter between the blood and the CNS. The neuroglia also helps to maintain the reactive properties of nerve tissue in such conditions as posttraumatic scarring, inflammatory reactions, and oncogenesis. The neuroglia comprises the astroglia (also called macroglia), oligoglia (also called oligodendroglia), and the ependyma. The microglia occupies a special position among neuroglial cells as the “scavenger” of the CNS.

Astrocytes (the cells of the astroglia) account for about 60 percent of the total number of neuroglial cells. They are star-shaped cells with numerous slender outgrowths that entwine the neurons and the walls of the capillary blood vessels. The astroglia regulates the water-salt metabolism of nervous tissue and is the principal element of the blood-brain barrier. About 25 to 30 percent of neuroglial cells are contained in the oligoglia. Oligodendrocytes (the cells of the oligoglia) are rounded cells with short outgrowths and are smaller than astrocytes. They surround the cell body and axon (the conducting portion) of a neuron. Oligodendrocytes are characterized by a highly active protein and nuclein metabolism and are also responsible for the transport of matter to the neurons. The myelin sheath that surrounds an axon mostly consists of oligodendrocytes. The ependyma consists of cylindrical cells that line the ventricles of the brain and the central lumen of the spinal cord. The ependyma is the barrier between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid and also appears to have a secretory function.

The neuroglia, especially the oligoglia, participates in the generation of the slow, spontaneous bioelectric activity that is characterized by α waves on an electroencephalogram. Neurons and neuroglial cells form a unified functional and metabolic complex that operates in cycles and has an adaptive function. The complex has the capacity to shift certain metabolic processes predominantly to the neuronal or to the neuroglial elements, depending on the nature and intensity of the physiological and pathological condition of the CNS.

REFERENCES

Hidden, H. “Kletki-satellity ν nervnoi sisteme.” In the collection Struktura i funktsiia kletki. Moscow, 1964. (Translated from English.)
Pevzner, L. Z. Funktsional’naia biokhimiia neiroglii. Leningrad, 1972.
Kuffler, S. W., and J. G. Nicholls. “The Physiology of Neuroglial Cells.” In the collection Ergebnisse der Physiologic, biologischen Chemie und experimentellen Pharmakologie, vol. 57. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1966.

L. Z. PEVZNER

neuroglia

enUK

neuroglia

 [noo͡-rog´le-ah] the supporting structure of nervous tissue, consisting, in the central nervous system, of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia" >microglia; called also glia. adj., adj neurog´lial.

neu·rog·li·a

(nū-rog'lē-ă), This word is grammatically singular. Avoid the mispronunciation neurogli'a.Nonneuronal cellular elements of the central and peripheral nervous system; formerly believed to be merely supporting cells but now thought to have important metabolic functions, in that they are invariably interposed between neurons and the blood vessels supplying the nervous system. In central nervous tissue they include oligodendroglia cells, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia cells. The satellite cells of ganglia and the neurolemmal or Schwann cells around peripheral nerve fibers can be interpreted as the oligodendroglia cells of the peripheral nervous system. Synonym(s): reticulum (2) [TA], glia, Kölliker reticulum [neuro- + G. glia, glue]

neuroglia

(no͝o-rŏg′lē-ə, nyo͝o-, no͝or′ə-glē′ə, -glī′-, nyo͝or′-)n. The supportive tissue of the nervous system, including the network of branched cells in the central nervous system (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) and the supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system (Schwann cells and satellite cells). Also called glia.
neu·rog′li·al adj.

neu·rog·li·a

(nūr-og'lē-ă) [TA] Nonneuronal cellular elements of the central and peripheral nervous system; thought to have important metabolic functions. In central nervous tissue they include oligodendroglia cells, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia cells.
Synonym(s): glia, reticulum (2) . [G. neuron, tendon, nerve, + glia, glue]

neuroglia

The network of branched cells and fibres that forms the supporting connective tissue of the central nervous system. Certain brain tumours arise from neuroglial cells.

neuroglia

see GLIA.

Kölliker,

Rudolph A. von, Swiss histologist, 1817-1905. Kölliker layer - the layer of connective tissue in the iris.Kölliker reticulum - non-neuronal cellular elements of the central and peripheral nervous system. Synonym(s): neuroglia

neu·rog·li·a

(nūr-og'lē-ă) [TA] Nonneuronal cellular elements in the central and peripheral nervous systems that are supporting cells; thought have important metabolic functions. [G. neuron, tendon, nerve, + glia, glue]

neuroglia

enUK
Related to neuroglia: Schwann cells
  • noun

Synonyms for neuroglia

noun sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system

Synonyms

  • glia

Related Words

  • interstitial tissue
  • glial cell
  • neurogliacyte
  • neuroglial cell
  • astroglia
  • macroglia
  • microglia
  • oligodendria
  • oligodendroglia
  • central nervous system
  • CNS
  • systema nervosum centrale
  • glioma
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更新时间：2024/12/31 16:23:34