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单词 machine
释义

machine


ma·chine

M0007400 (mə-shēn′)n.1. a. A device consisting of fixed and moving parts that modifies mechanical energy and transmits it in a more useful form.b. See simple machine.c. See compound machine.2. A system or device for doing work, as an automobile or jackhammer, together with its power source and auxiliary equipment.3. A system or device, such as a computer, that performs or assists in the performance of a human task: The machine is down.4. An intricate natural system or organism, such as the human body.5. A person who acts in a rigid, mechanical, or unconscious manner.6. An organized group of people whose members are or appear to be under the control of one or more leaders: a political machine.7. a. A device used to produce a stage effect, especially a mechanical means of lowering an actor onto the stage.b. A literary device used to produce an effect, especially the introduction of a supernatural being to resolve a plot.8. An answering machine: Leave a message on my machine if I'm not home.adj. Of, relating to, or felt to resemble a machine: machine repairs; machine politics.v. ma·chined, ma·chin·ing, ma·chines v.tr. To cut, shape, or finish by machine.v.intr. To be cut, shaped, or finished by machine: This metal machines easily.
[French, from Old French, from Latin māchina, from Greek mākhanā, dialectal variant of mēkhanē; see magh- in Indo-European roots.]
ma·chin′a·ble adj.

machine

(məˈʃiːn) n1. (Mechanical Engineering) an assembly of interconnected components arranged to transmit or modify force in order to perform useful work2. (Mechanical Engineering) Also called: simple machine a device for altering the magnitude or direction of a force, esp a lever, screw, wedge, or pulley3. (Mechanical Engineering) a mechanically operated device or means of transport, such as a car, aircraft, etc4. (Mechanical Engineering) any mechanical or electrical device that automatically performs tasks or assists in performing tasks5. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) a. (modifier) denoting a firearm that is fully automatic as distinguished from semiautomaticb. (in combination): machine pistol; machine gun. 6. any intricate structure or agency: the war machine. 7. a mechanically efficient, rigid, or obedient person8. an organized body of people that controls activities, policies, etc9. (Theatre) (esp in the classical theatre) a device such as a pulley to provide spectacular entrances and exits for supernatural characters10. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) an event, etc, introduced into a literary work for special effectvb11. (Mechanical Engineering) (tr) to shape, cut, or remove (excess material) from (a workpiece) using a machine tool12. (Mechanical Engineering) to use a machine to carry out a process on (something)[C16: via French from Latin māchina machine, engine, from Doric Greek makhana pulley; related to makhos device, contrivance] maˈchinable, maˈchineable adj maˌchinaˈbility n maˈchineless adj maˈchine-ˌlike adj

ma•chine

(məˈʃin)

n., v. -chined, -chin•ing. n. 1. an apparatus consisting of interrelated parts with separate functions, used in the performance of some kind of work: a sewing machine. 2. a. a device that transmits or modifies force or motion. b. Also called simple machine. any of several elementary mechanisms, as the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, wedge, or inclined plane. c. a combination of simple machines. 3. an automobile or airplane. 4. any of various apparatus, devices, etc., that dispense things, esp. a vending machine. 5. any complex agency or operating system: the machine of government. 6. a group of persons that conducts or controls a political party or organization. 7. a person or thing that acts in a mechanical or automatic manner. 8. a mechanical contrivance formerly used for producing stage effects. 9. a literary contrivance introduced for special effect. v.t. 10. to make, prepare, or finish with a machine or machine tool. [1540–50; < French < Latin māchina < Attic Greek mēchanḗ; see mechanicmagh-1]

ma·chine

(mə-shēn′)1. A simple device that applies force or changes the direction of a force in order to perform a task. The lever, pulley, inclined plane, screw, wedge, and the wheel and axle are all simple machines.2. A device made of simple machines and used to perform a task: a washing machine.

machine

– motor">motor – engine">engine1. 'machine'

A machine is a piece of equipment which uses electricity or some other form of power to perform a particular task.

...a washing machine.I put the coin in the machine and pulled the lever.
2. 'motor'

When a machine operates by electricity, you refer to the part of the machine that converts power into movement as the motor.

...a malfunctioning fan motor in the attic space of the building.
3. 'engine'

You do not use 'machine' to refer to the part of a vehicle that provides the power that makes the vehicle move. This part of a car, bus, lorry, or plane is usually called the engine.

He couldn't get his engine started.The starboard engines were already running.

You talk about the engine of a ship, but the motor of a small boat.

Black smoke belched from the engine into the cabin.We patched leaks, overhauled the motor, and refitted her.

machine


Past participle: machined
Gerund: machining
Imperative
machine
machine
Present
I machine
you machine
he/she/it machines
we machine
you machine
they machine
Preterite
I machined
you machined
he/she/it machined
we machined
you machined
they machined
Present Continuous
I am machining
you are machining
he/she/it is machining
we are machining
you are machining
they are machining
Present Perfect
I have machined
you have machined
he/she/it has machined
we have machined
you have machined
they have machined
Past Continuous
I was machining
you were machining
he/she/it was machining
we were machining
you were machining
they were machining
Past Perfect
I had machined
you had machined
he/she/it had machined
we had machined
you had machined
they had machined
Future
I will machine
you will machine
he/she/it will machine
we will machine
you will machine
they will machine
Future Perfect
I will have machined
you will have machined
he/she/it will have machined
we will have machined
you will have machined
they will have machined
Future Continuous
I will be machining
you will be machining
he/she/it will be machining
we will be machining
you will be machining
they will be machining
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been machining
you have been machining
he/she/it has been machining
we have been machining
you have been machining
they have been machining
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been machining
you will have been machining
he/she/it will have been machining
we will have been machining
you will have been machining
they will have been machining
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been machining
you had been machining
he/she/it had been machining
we had been machining
you had been machining
they had been machining
Conditional
I would machine
you would machine
he/she/it would machine
we would machine
you would machine
they would machine
Past Conditional
I would have machined
you would have machined
he/she/it would have machined
we would have machined
you would have machined
they would have machined

machine

A device performing work, especially where a smaller force or effort moves a greater load.
Thesaurus
Noun1.machine - any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasksmachine - any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasksassembly - a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unitbagger - a machine for putting objects or substances into bagscalculating machine, calculator - a small machine that is used for mathematical calculationscalender - a machine that smooths or glazes paper or cloth by pressing it between plates or passing it through rollersautomated teller, automated teller machine, automatic teller, automatic teller machine, cash dispenser, cash machine, ATM - an unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is usedcomber - a machine that separates and straightens the fibers of cotton or woolcomputer, computing device, computing machine, data processor, electronic computer, information processing system - a machine for performing calculations automaticallycement mixer, concrete mixer - a machine with a large revolving drum in which cement is mixed with other materials to make concretecorker - a machine that is used to put corks in bottlescotton gin, gin - a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibersdecoder - a machine that converts a coded text into ordinary languagedevice - an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose; "the device is small enough to wear on your wrist"; "a device intended to conserve water"farm machine - a machine used in farmingfranking machine - a machine that automatically stamps letters or packages passing through it and computes the total chargehop-picker, hopper - a machine used for picking hopsmachinery - machines or machine systems collectivelymachine tool - a powered machine for cutting or shaping or finishing metals or other materialsmilking machine - machine consisting of a suction apparatus for milking cows mechanicallymotor - machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motionpaving machine, pavior, paviour - a machine for laying pavementperpetual motion machine - a machine that can continue to do work indefinitely without drawing energy from some external source; impossible under the law of conservation of energypile driver - a machine that drives piling into the groundpower shovel, digger, excavator, shovel - a machine for excavatingpower tool - a tool driven by a motormechanical press, press - any machine that exerts pressure to form or shape or cut materials or extract liquids or compress solidsprinting press, press - a machine used for printingprinting machine, printer - a machine that printsphonograph, record player - machine in which rotating records cause a stylus to vibrate and the vibrations are amplified acoustically or electronicallyriveting machine, rivetter, riveter - a machine for driving rivetsself-feeder, feeder - a machine that automatically provides a supply of some material; "the feeder discharged feed into a trough for the livestock"simulator - a machine that simulates an environment for the purpose of training or researchslicer - a machine for cutting; usually with a revolving bladecoin machine, slot machine - a machine that is operated by the insertion of a coin in a slotsnow blower, snow thrower - a machine that removes snow by scooping it up and throwing it forcefully through a chutesorter - a machine for sorting things (such as punched cards or letters) into classespestle, stamp - machine consisting of a heavy bar that moves vertically for pounding or crushing oresstaple gun, staplegun, tacker - a hand-held machine for driving staples homestapler, stapling machine - a machine that inserts staples into sheets of paper in order to fasten them togethertextile machine - a machine for making textilestime machine - a science fiction machine that is supposed to transport people or objects into the past or the futuretrimmer - a machine that trims timberworkhorse - machine that performs dependably under heavy use; "the IBM main frame computers have been the workhorse of the business world"Zamboni - the trademark for a machine that smooths the ice in an ice-skating rink
2.machine - an efficient person; "the boxer was a magnificent fighting machine"individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul - a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"bionic man, bionic woman, cyborg - a human being whose body has been taken over in whole or in part by electromechanical devices; "a cyborg is a cybernetic organism"
3.machine - an intricate organization that accomplishes its goals efficiently; "the war machine"organization, organisation - a group of people who work together
4.machine - a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other pointmachine - a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other pointsimple machineinclined plane - a simple machine for elevating objects; consists of plane surface that makes an acute angle with the horizontallever - a simple machine that gives a mechanical advantage when given a fulcrummechanical device - mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principlespulley, pulley block, pulley-block, block - a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a groove in which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the ropewheel - a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)
5.machine - a group that controls the activities of a political party; "he was endorsed by the Democratic machine"political machineorganization, organisation - a group of people who work together
6.machine - a motor vehicle with four wheelsmachine - a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; "he needs a car to get to work"auto, automobile, car, motorcarrenting, rental - the act of paying for the use of something (as an apartment or house or car)accelerator, accelerator pedal, gas pedal, throttle, gas, gun - a pedal that controls the throttle valve; "he stepped on the gas"air bag - a safety restraint in an automobile; the bag inflates on collision and prevents the driver or passenger from being thrown forwardalternator - an old term for an electric generator that produces alternating current (especially in automobiles)ambulance - a vehicle that takes people to and from hospitalsauto accessory - an accessory for an automobileautomobile engine - the engine that propels an automobileautomobile horn, car horn, motor horn, hooter, horn - a device on an automobile for making a warning noisebackseat - a seat at the back of a vehicle (especially the seat at the back of an automobile)beach waggon, beach wagon, estate car, station waggon, station wagon, waggon, wagon - a car that has a long body and rear door with space behind rear seatfender, buffer - a cushion-like device that reduces shock due to an impactbumper - a mechanical device consisting of bars at either end of a vehicle to absorb shock and prevent serious damagejalopy, heap, bus - a car that is old and unreliable; "the fenders had fallen off that old bus"taxi, taxicab, cab, hack - a car driven by a person whose job is to take passengers where they want to go in exchange for moneycar door - the door of a carcar mirror - a mirror that the driver of a car can usecar seat - a seat in a carcar window - a window in a carcompact car, compact - a small and economical carconvertible - a car that has top that can be folded or removedcoupe - a car with two doors and front seats and a luggage compartmentcruiser, patrol car, police car, police cruiser, prowl car, squad car - a car in which policemen cruise the streets; equipped with radiotelephonic communications to headquarterselectric, electric automobile, electric car - a car that is powered by electricityfender, wing - a barrier that surrounds the wheels of a vehicle to block splashing water or mud; "in Britain they call a fender a wing"first gear, low gear, low, first - the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; used to start a car movingfloorboard - the floor of an automobilegas guzzler - a car with relatively low fuel efficiencygasoline engine, petrol engine - an internal-combustion engine that burns gasoline; most automobiles are driven by gasoline enginesglove compartment - compartment on the dashboard of a carradiator grille, grille - grating that admits cooling air to car's radiatorhardtop - a car that resembles a convertible but has a fixed rigid tophatchback - a car having a hatchback doorhigh gear, high - a forward gear with a gear ratio that gives the greatest vehicle velocity for a given engine speedcowl, cowling, bonnet, hood - protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine; "there are powerful engines under the hoods of new cars"; "the mechanic removed the cowling in order to repair the plane's engine"horseless carriage - an early term for an automobile; "when automobiles first replaced horse-drawn carriages they were called horseless carriages"hot rod, hot-rod - a car modified to increase its speed and accelerationjeep, landrover - a car suitable for traveling over rough terrainlimo, limousine - large luxurious car; usually driven by a chauffeurloaner - a car that is lent as a replacement for one that is under repairautomobile trunk, luggage compartment, trunk - compartment in an automobile that carries luggage or shopping or tools; "he put his golf bag in the trunk"minicar - a car that is even smaller than a subcompact carminivan - a small box-shaped passenger van; usually has removable seats; used as a family carModel T - the first widely available automobile powered by a gasoline engine; mass-produced by Henry Ford from 1908 to 1927automotive vehicle, motor vehicle - a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not run on rails
Verb1.machine - turn, shape, mold, or otherwise finish by machineryshape, mould, mold, form, forge, work - make something, usually for a specific function; "She molded the rice balls carefully"; "Form cylinders from the dough"; "shape a figure"; "Work the metal into a sword"
2.machine - make by machinery; "The Americans were machining while others still hand-made cars"produce, create, make - create or manufacture a man-made product; "We produce more cars than we can sell"; "The company has been making toys for two centuries"

machine

noun1. appliance, device, apparatus, engine, tool, instrument, mechanism, gadget, contraption, gizmo (informal), contrivance I put a coin in the machine and pulled the lever.2. system, agency, structure, organization, machinery, setup (informal) He has put the party publicity machine behind another candidate.Quotations
"Machines are worshipped because they are beautiful and valued because they confer power; they are hated because they are hideous and loathed because they impose slavery" [Bertrand Russell Sceptical Essays: Machines and the Emotions]
Translations
机动车辆机器机械用机械加工用缝纫机缝衣

machine

(məˈʃiːn) noun1. a working arrangement of wheels, levers or other parts, driven eg by human power, electricity etc, or operating electronically, producing power and/or motion for a particular purpose. a sewing-machine. 機器 机械2. a vehicle, especially a motorbike. That's a fine machine you have! 車輛(尤指摩托車) 机动车辆(尤指摩托车) verb1. to shape, make or finish with a power-driven tool. The articles are machined to a smooth finish. 機械加工 用机械加工,用车床加工 2. to sew with a sewing-machine. You should machine the seams. 用縫紉機車縫 用缝纫机缝衣maˈchinery noun1. machines in general. Many products are made by machinery rather than by hand. 機械 机械2. the workings or processes. the machinery of government. 機構,機制 机构maˈchinist noun a person skilled in the use of machines, eg a sewing-machine, or electrical tools. She's a machinist in a clothes factory. 機械師 机械师maˈchine-gun noun an automatic gun that fires very rapidly. 機關槍 机关枪 verbHe machine-gunned a crowd of defenceless villagers. 以機關槍射擊 以机关枪射击machine tool a power-driven machine that shapes metal, wood, or plastics by cutting, pressing, or drilling. 工具機 机床
machinery does not have a plural.

machine

机器zhCN
  • Where is the ticket machine? → 哪儿有自动售票机?
  • How does the ticket machine work? → 怎么使用自动售票机?
  • The ticket machine isn't working → 自动售票机坏了
  • How does the washing machine work? → 怎么使用洗衣机?
  • Is there a fax machine I can use? → 这儿有可供我使用的传真机吗?
  • Is there an ATM here? (US)
    Is there a cash machine here? (UK) → 这儿有自动提款机吗?
  • Where is the nearest ATM? (US)
    Where is the nearest cash machine? (UK) → 附近哪儿有自动提款机?
  • Can I use my card with this ATM? (US)
    Can I use my card with this cash machine? (UK) → 我可以用我的取款卡从这台机器上取款吗?
  • The ATM swallowed my card (US)
    The cash machine swallowed my card (UK) → 取款机吞掉了我的取款卡

machine


a cog in the machine

Someone or something that is functionally necessary but of small significance or importance within a larger operation or organization. I'm tired of working in this thankless IT support job. I don't want to be just a cog in the machine anymore!See also: cog, machine

a small cog in a large machine

Someone or something that is functionally necessary but of small significance or importance within a larger operation or organization. I'm tired of working in this thankless IT support job. I don't want to be just a small cog in a large machine anymore!See also: cog, large, machine, small

a small cog in a large wheel

Someone or something that is functionally necessary but of small significance or importance within a larger operation or organization. I'm tired of working in this thankless IT support job. I don't want to be just a small cog in a large wheel anymore!See also: cog, large, small, wheel

cog in the machine

Someone or something that is functionally necessary but of small significance or importance within a larger operation or organization. I'm tired of working in this thankless IT support job. I don't want to be just a cog in the machine anymore!See also: cog, machine

cog in the wheel

Someone or something that is functionally necessary but of small significance or importance within a larger operation or organization. I'm tired of working in this thankless IT support job. I don't want to be just a cog in the wheel anymore!See also: cog, wheel

a cog in the wheel

Someone or something that is functionally necessary but of small significance or importance within a larger operation or organization. I'm tired of working in this thankless IT support job. I don't want to be just a cog in the wheel anymore!See also: cog, wheel

ghost in the machine

1. Human consciousness and thought as an entity distinct and separate from the body. Of course, our mental state is so inextricably linked to our physical state that it is at best purely speculative to think of the mind as some sort of ghost in the machine.2. By extension, virtual consciousness resulting from artificial intelligence inside of a computer system. The novel, set in the very distant future, imagines a world where the line between human and artificial consciousness is blurred, leading many to wonder who is truly human, and who is simply a ghost in the machine.See also: ghost, machine

spin machine

A group, organization, or movement of people that collectively manages the way in which a piece of news or information is presented or interpreted so that it best serves their own interests. The company is a master spin machine, turning the most minor of successes into glorious accomplishments, while deflecting any failures as not being noteworthy. The president's spin machine was in full force again today, with every news outlet aligned with her arguing that the fresh allegations of financial misconduct are lies being perpetrated by foreign enemies of the government.See also: machine, spin

lean, mean (something) machine

Someone or something who is prepared and able to work very hard, skillfully, and efficiently to do something. A humorous play on the phrase "lean, mean fighting machine." After 15 years of experience in this industry, our little firm has become a lean, mean bean-counting machine. This little barbecue might not look like much, but it's a lean, mean grilling machine!See also: machine, mean

sex machine

1. Someone who engages in very frequent or vigorous sex. I've just never really been a sex machine. I prefer spending time with my romantic partners in other ways.2. Someone who can provide frequent sexual satisfaction to their partner. There's a belief that all women want total sex machines for boyfriends and husbands, but that's simply not true.See also: machine, sex

like a well-oiled machine

Said of someone or something that functions very well or efficiently. Trudy and I have been working together in the attendance office for so long, we're like a well-oiled machine at this point.See also: like, machine

a well-oiled machine

Someone or something that functions very well or efficiently. Trudy and I have been working together in the attendance office for so long, we're like a well-oiled machine at this point.See also: machine

cog in the wheel

Also, cog in the machine. One who holds a minor but necessary post in a large organization, as in Frank knew he was just a cog in the wheel of this giant corporation. This term alludes to the role of the mechanical cog, one of the teeth on a wheel or gear that, by engaging other teeth, transmits or receives motion. Used figuratively since about 1930, it sometimes is put as small cog in a large wheel, emphasizing a person's lack of importance. See also: cog, wheel

cog in the wheel (or machine

) a person who plays a small mundane (perhaps vital but generally unacknowledged or unappreciated) role in a large enterprise.See also: cog, machine, wheel

the ghost in the machine

the mind viewed as distinct from the body. This phrase was coined by the British philosopher Gilbert Ryle in The Concept of Mind ( 1949 ) for a viewpoint that he considered completely misleading.See also: ghost, machine

a cog in the maˈchine/ˈwheel

(informal) a person who plays a small part in a large organization or plan: The firm tries hard to make its employees feel that they are more than simply cogs in the wheel.See also: cog, machine, wheel

sex-machine

n. a sexually promising person; a person obsessed with sex. Heidi looks like such a sex-machine, but she is a real wallflower.

machine


machine,

arrangement of moving and stationary mechanical parts used to perform some useful workwork,
in physics and mechanics, transfer of energy by a force acting to displace a body. Work is equal to the product of the force and the distance through which it produces movement.
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 or to provide transportation. From a historical perspective, many of the first machines were the result of human efforts to improve war-making capabilities; the term engineer at one time had an exclusively military connotation. In the United States the original colonies were not permitted to make or import machine tools; it was only after the Revolution that the first manufacturing machines were built (c.1790) by Samuel Slater for a textile mill in Pawtucket, R.I.

Types of Machines

By means of a machine an applied force is increased, its direction is changed, or one form of motion or energy is changed into another form. Thus defined, such simple devices as the leverlever,
simple machine consisting of a bar supported at some stationary point along its length and used to overcome resistance at a second point by application of force at a third point. The stationary point of a lever is known as its fulcrum.
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, the pulleypulley,
simple machine consisting of a wheel over which a rope, belt, chain, or cable runs.

A grooved pulley wheel like that used for ropes is called a sheave. A single sheave mounted in a block and fixed in place simply changes the direction of force exerted on the rope
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, the inclined planeinclined plane,
simple machine, consisting of a sloping surface, whose purpose is to reduce the force that must be applied to raise a load. To raise a body vertically a force must be applied that is equal to the weight of the body, i.e.
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, the screwscrew,
simple machine consisting essentially of a solid cylinder, usually of metal, around which an inclined plane winds spirally, either clockwise or counterclockwise. It is used to fasten one object to another, to lift a heavy object, or to move an object by a precise amount.
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, and the wheel and axlewheel and axle,
simple machine consisting of a wheel mounted rigidly upon an axle or drum of smaller diameter, the wheel and the axle having the same axis. It is fundamentally a form of lever, the center common to both the wheel and the axle corresponding to the fulcrum, the
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 are machines. They are called simple machines; more complicated machines are merely combinations of them. Of the five, the lever, the pulley, and the inclined plane are primary; the wheel and axle and the screw are secondary. The wheel and axle combination is a rotary lever, while the screw may be considered an inclined plane wound around a core. The wedgewedge,
piece of wood or metal thick at one end and sloping to a thin edge at the other; an application of the inclined plane. It is employed in separating two objects from each other or in separating one part of a solid object from an adjoining part, as in splitting wood.
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 is a double inclined plane.

Complex machines are designated, as a rule, by the operations they perform; the complicated devices used for sawing, planing, and turning, for example, are known as sawing machines, planing machines, and turning machines respectively and as machine toolsmachine tool,
power-operated tool used for finishing or shaping metal parts, especially parts of other machines. An establishment that is equipped with such tools and specializes in such work is known as a machine shop.
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 collectively. Machines used to transform other forms of energy (as heat) into mechanical energy are known as engines, i.e. the steam enginesteam engine,
machine for converting heat energy into mechanical energy using steam as a medium, or working fluid. When water is converted into steam it expands, its volume increasing about 1,600 times. The force produced by the conversion is the basis of all steam engines.
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 or the internal-combustion engineinternal-combustion engine,
one in which combustion of the fuel takes place in a confined space, producing expanding gases that are used directly to provide mechanical power.
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. The electric motormotor, electric,
machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. When an electric current is passed through a wire loop that is in a magnetic field, the loop will rotate and the rotating motion is transmitted to a shaft, providing useful mechanical work.
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 transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. Its operation is the reverse of that of the electric generatorgenerator,
in electricity, machine used to change mechanical energy into electrical energy. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, discovered (1831) by Michael Faraday.
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, which transforms the energy of falling water or steam into electrical energy.

Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency of Machines

By means of a machine, a small force, or effort, can be applied to move a much greater resistance, or load. In doing so, however, the applied force must move through a much greater distance than it would if it could move the load directly. The mechanical advantage (MA) of a machine is the factor by which it multiplies any applied force. The MA may be calculated from the ratio of the forces involved or from the ratio of the distances through which they move. Ideally, the two ratios are equal, and it is simpler to calculate the ratio of the distance the effort moves to the distance the resistance moves; this is called the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA). In any real machine some of the effort is used to overcome friction. Thus, the ratio of the resistance force to the effort, called the actual mechanical advantage (AMA), is less than the IMA.

The efficiency of any machine measures the degree to which friction and other factors reduce the actual work output of the machine from its theoretical maximum. A frictionless machine would have an efficiency of 100%. A machine with an efficiency of 20% has an output only one fifth of its theoretical output. The efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of its output (resistance multiplied by the distance it is moved) to its input (effort multiplied by the distance through which it is exerted); it is also equal to the ratio of the AMA to the IMA. This does not mean that low-efficiency machines are of limited use. An automobile jack, for example, must overcome a great deal of friction and therefore has low efficiency, but it is extremely valuable because small effort can be applied to lift a great weight.

Although most machines are used to multiply an effort so that it may move a greater resistance, they may have other purposes. For example, a single, fixed pulley merely changes the direction of the applied force; the pulley may make it easier to lift the load, since a person can pull down on a rope, thus adding his or her own weight to the effort, rather than simply lifting the load. In a catapult an effort greater than the load moves through a short distance, causing the load to be moved through a large distance before being released. As the load is being moved, it picks up speed so that it is traveling at a considerable velocity when it leaves the catapult.

Machine

 

a device that performs mechanical motions for the conversion of energy or the processing of materials and information. Three types of machines are distinguished, depending on the basic purpose (the predominant kind of conversion): power, operating, and information machines.

Power machines used for conversion of any kind of energy into mechanical energy are called engines. They include electric motors, turbines, and internal-combustion, piston, and steam engines. Electric generators are also a widely used type of power machine.

Operating machines are subdivided into technological and transportation machines. In technological machines the “material” is the object on which operations are performed (the workpiece, which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous). The processing of material in these machines is a change in shape, properties, state, and position. In transportation machines the “material” is the object being moved; its “conversion” consists only of a change in position. Technological machines include metal working machines, rolling mills, looms, packing machines, typesetting machines, and printing presses. Transportation machines include motor vehicles, diesel locomotives, airplanes, helicopters, elevators, and conveyors.

Information machines are used in data processing. If the information is presented in digital form, the machine is called a calculator or computer (for example, calculators, mechanical integrators, and accounting machines). Strictly speaking, an electronic computer is not a machine, since mechanical motion in it is used only to carry out auxiliary operations (the designation of the computer as a machine was preserved as the historic successor of calculating machines of the arithmometer type).

Machines in which all conversions of energy, material, or information are executed without direct human participation are called automatic machines or simply automatons. The aggregate of automatic machines connected in sequence and used to carry out a certain technological process is an automatic transfer machine. A correctly used machine, particularly an automatic machine, makes human labor easier, increases labor productivity, and ensures high quality of production.

I. I. ARTOBOLEVSKII and N. I. LEVITSKII

machine

[mə′shēn] (computer science) A mechanical, electric, or electronic device, such as a computer, tabulator, sorter, or collator. A simplified, abstract model of an internally programmed computer, such as a Turing machine. (mechanical engineering) A combination of rigid or resistant bodies having definite motions and capable of performing useful work.

Machine

A combination of rigid or resistant bodies having definite motions and capable of performing useful work. The term mechanism is closely related but applies only to the physical arrangement that provides for the definite motions of the parts of a machine. For example, a wristwatch is a mechanism, but it does no useful work and thus is not a machine. Machines vary widely in appearance, function, and complexity from the simple hand-operated paper punch to the ocean liner, which is itself composed of many simple and complex machines. See Machinery, Simple machine

machine

1. an assembly of interconnected components arranged to transmit or modify force in order to perform useful work 2. a device for altering the magnitude or direction of a force, esp a lever, screw, wedge, or pulley 3. a mechanically operated device or means of transport, such as a car, aircraft, etc. 4. any mechanical or electrical device that automatically performs tasks or assists in performing tasks 5. (esp in the classical theatre) a device such as a pulley to provide spectacular entrances and exits for supernatural characters 6. an event, etc., introduced into a literary work for special effect

machine

Common term for "computer", usually when considered at thehardware level. The Turing Machine, an early example ofthis usage, was however neither hardware nor software, butonly an idea.

machine

Any electronic or electromechanical unit of equipment. A machine is always hardware; however, "engine" may refer to hardware or software. See engine.

The term can sound old fashioned or high-tech. For example, when an older generation is subjected to a new technology, a new device is often called a machine. In times past, even a microphone was called a machine. However, "machine language" is 21st century terminology, and "machine architecture," "machine tools" and other "machine" terminology is not at all antiquated.

machine


ma·chine

(mă-shēn'), Any mechanical apparatus or device. [L. machina, contrivance]

machine

See Heart-lung machine, Suicide machine.

ma·chine

(mă-shēn') Any mechanical apparatus or device. [L. machina, contrivance]

Patient discussion about machine

Q. who much cost the resonance magnetic machine? new or used A. here is a company that you can even get a MRI scanner in a leasing program:
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More discussions about machine

Machine


Related to Machine: simple machine

MACHINE. A contrivance which serves to apply or regulate moving power; or it is a tool more or less complicated, which is used to render useful natural instruments, Clef. des Lois Rom. h.t.
2. The act of congress gives to inventors the right to obtain a patent right for any new and useful improvement on any art, machine, manufacture, &c. Act of congress, July 4, 1836, s. 6. See Pet. C. C. 394; 3 Wash. C. C. 443; 1 Wash. C. C. 108; 1 Wash. C. C. 168; 1 Mason, 447; Paine, 300; 4 Wash. C. C. 538; 1 How. U. S., 202; S. C. 17 Pet. 228; 2 McLean, 176.

FinancialSeemachinerySee US Marine Corps
See MACH

machine


Related to machine: simple machine
  • all
  • noun
  • verb

Synonyms for machine

noun appliance

Synonyms

  • appliance
  • device
  • apparatus
  • engine
  • tool
  • instrument
  • mechanism
  • gadget
  • contraption
  • gizmo
  • contrivance

noun system

Synonyms

  • system
  • agency
  • structure
  • organization
  • machinery
  • setup

Synonyms for machine

noun any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

Related Words

  • assembly
  • bagger
  • calculating machine
  • calculator
  • calender
  • automated teller
  • automated teller machine
  • automatic teller
  • automatic teller machine
  • cash dispenser
  • cash machine
  • ATM
  • comber
  • computer
  • computing device
  • computing machine
  • data processor
  • electronic computer
  • information processing system
  • cement mixer
  • concrete mixer
  • corker
  • cotton gin
  • gin
  • decoder
  • device
  • farm machine
  • franking machine
  • hop-picker
  • hopper
  • machinery
  • machine tool
  • milking machine
  • motor
  • paving machine
  • pavior
  • paviour
  • perpetual motion machine
  • pile driver
  • power shovel
  • digger
  • excavator
  • shovel
  • power tool
  • mechanical press
  • press
  • printing press
  • printing machine
  • printer
  • phonograph
  • record player
  • riveting machine
  • rivetter
  • riveter
  • self-feeder
  • feeder
  • simulator
  • slicer
  • coin machine
  • slot machine
  • snow blower
  • snow thrower
  • sorter
  • pestle
  • stamp
  • staple gun
  • staplegun
  • tacker
  • stapler
  • stapling machine
  • textile machine
  • time machine
  • trimmer
  • workhorse
  • Zamboni

noun an efficient person

Related Words

  • individual
  • mortal
  • person
  • somebody
  • someone
  • soul
  • bionic man
  • bionic woman
  • cyborg

noun an intricate organization that accomplishes its goals efficiently

Related Words

  • organization
  • organisation

noun a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point

Synonyms

  • simple machine

Related Words

  • inclined plane
  • lever
  • mechanical device
  • pulley
  • pulley block
  • pulley-block
  • block
  • wheel

noun a group that controls the activities of a political party

Synonyms

  • political machine

Related Words

  • organization
  • organisation

noun a motor vehicle with four wheels

Synonyms

  • auto
  • automobile
  • car
  • motorcar

Related Words

  • renting
  • rental
  • accelerator
  • accelerator pedal
  • gas pedal
  • throttle
  • gas
  • gun
  • air bag
  • alternator
  • ambulance
  • auto accessory
  • automobile engine
  • automobile horn
  • car horn
  • motor horn
  • hooter
  • horn
  • backseat
  • beach waggon
  • beach wagon
  • estate car
  • station waggon
  • station wagon
  • waggon
  • wagon
  • fender
  • buffer
  • bumper
  • jalopy
  • heap
  • bus
  • taxi
  • taxicab
  • cab
  • hack
  • car door
  • car mirror
  • car seat
  • car window
  • compact car
  • compact
  • convertible
  • coupe
  • cruiser
  • patrol car
  • police car
  • police cruiser
  • prowl car
  • squad car
  • electric
  • electric automobile
  • electric car
  • wing
  • first gear
  • low gear
  • low
  • first
  • floorboard
  • gas guzzler
  • gasoline engine
  • petrol engine
  • glove compartment
  • radiator grille
  • grille
  • hardtop
  • hatchback
  • high gear
  • high
  • cowl
  • cowling
  • bonnet
  • hood
  • horseless carriage
  • hot rod
  • hot-rod
  • jeep
  • landrover
  • limo
  • limousine
  • loaner
  • automobile trunk
  • luggage compartment
  • trunk
  • minicar
  • minivan
  • Model T
  • automotive vehicle
  • motor vehicle
  • pace car
  • race car
  • racing car
  • racer
  • rear window
  • reverse gear
  • reverse
  • road map
  • roadster
  • runabout
  • two-seater
  • roof
  • running board
  • sedan
  • saloon
  • saleroom
  • salesroom
  • showroom
  • spark lever
  • sport car
  • sports car
  • S.U.V.
  • sport utility
  • sport utility vehicle
  • SUV
  • anti-sway bar
  • stabilizer bar
  • Stanley Steamer
  • stock car
  • subcompact
  • subcompact car
  • sunroof
  • sunshine-roof
  • fin
  • tail fin
  • tailfin
  • third gear
  • third
  • phaeton
  • touring car
  • tourer
  • tunnel
  • secondhand car
  • used-car
  • window
  • passenger
  • rider
  • adhesive friction
  • traction
  • grip
  • chattel
  • movable
  • personal chattel
  • prang

verb turn, shape, mold, or otherwise finish by machinery

Related Words

  • shape
  • mould
  • mold
  • form
  • forge
  • work

verb make by machinery

Related Words

  • produce
  • create
  • make
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