| 单词 | liposome | |||
| 释义 | liposomelip·o·someL0192325 (lĭp′ə-sōm′, lī′pə-)liposome(ˈlɪpəʊˌsəʊm)lip•o•some(ˈlɪp əˌsoʊm, ˈlaɪ pə-)n.
liposomeliposome(lī`pəsōm', lĭp`ə–), microscopic, fluid-filled pouch whose walls are made of layers of phospholipidsphospholipid, lipid that in its simplest form is composed of glycerol bonded to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The resulting compound called phosphatidic acid contains a region (the fatty acid component) that is fat-soluble along with a region (the charged phosphate ..... Click the link for more information. identical to the phospholipids that make up cell membranes. Liposomes are used to deliver certain vaccines, enzymes, or drugs (e.g., insulin and some cancer drugs) to the body. When used in the delivery of certain cancer drugs, liposomes help to shield healthy cells from the drugs' toxicity and prevent their concentration in vulnerable tissues (e.g., the kidneys, and liver), lessening or eliminating the common side effects of nausea, fatigue, and hair loss. Liposomes are especially effective in treating diseases that affect the phagocytes of the immune system because they tend to accumulate in the phagocytes, which recognize them as foreign invaders. They have also been used experimentally to carry normal genes into a cell in order to replace defective, disease-causing genes (see gene therapygene therapy, the use of genes and the techniques of genetic engineering in the treatment of a genetic disorder or chronic disease. There are many techniques of gene therapy, all of them still in experimental stages. ..... Click the link for more information. ). Liposomes are sometimes used in cosmetics because of their moisturizing qualities. Liposomes were first produced in England in 1961 by Alec D. Bangham, who was studying phospholipids and blood clotting. It was found that phospholipids combined with water immediately formed a sphere because one end of each molecule is water soluble, while the opposite end is water insoluble. Water-soluble medications added to the water were trapped inside the aggregation of the hydrophobic ends; fat-soluble medications were incorporated into the phospholipid layer. In some cases liposomes attach to cellular membranes and appear to fuse with them, releasing their contents into the cell. Sometimes they are taken up by the cell, and their phospholipids are incorporated into the cell membrane while the drug trapped inside is released. In the case of phagocytic cells, the liposomes are taken up, the phospholipid walls are acted upon by organelles called lysosomes, and the medication is released. Liposomal delivery systems are still largely experimental; the precise mechanisms of their action in the body are under study, as are ways in which to target them to specific diseased tissues. liposome[′lip·ə‚sōm]liposomeliposome[lip´o-sōm]lip·o·some(lip'ō-sōm),liposome(lĭp′ə-sōm′, lī′pə-)liposomeLipid vesicle Drug delivery A synthetic, uniform bilayer lipid membrane-bound vesicle formed by emulsification of cell membranes in dilute salt solutions, which is used to deliver toxic drugs–eg, amphotericin B, doxorubicin, pentavalent antimony–tagging them with an organ-specific antibody. See Liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B, Stealth liposome.liposomean artificially constructed PHOSPHOLIPID VESICLE, which can be used in various biological experiments. Certain drugs may be incorporated into liposomes in order to administer them. In this way the drugs may be protected from degradation and may not exert general toxicity when introduced into the bloodstream.Liposomeliposome
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