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nihilismenUK
ni·hil·ism N0106500 (nī′ə-lĭz′əm, nē′-)n.1. Philosophy The doctrine that nothing actually exists or that existence or values are meaningless.2. Relentless negativity or cynicism suggesting an absence of values or beliefs: nihilism in postwar art.3. a. Political belief or action that advocates or commits violence or terrorism without discernible constructive goals.b. also Nihilism A diffuse, revolutionary movement of mid-19th-century Russia that scorned authority and tradition and believed in reason, materialism, and radical change in society and government through terrorism and assassination.4. Psychiatry A delusion, experienced in some mental disorders, that the world or one's mind, body, or self does not exist.
[Latin nihil, nothing; see ne in Indo-European roots + -ism.]
ni′hil·ist n.ni′hil·is′tic adj.ni′hil·is′ti·cal·ly adv.nihilism (ˈnaɪɪˌlɪzəm) n1. a complete denial of all established authority and institutions2. (Philosophy) philosophy an extreme form of scepticism that systematically rejects all values, belief in existence, the possibility of communication, etc3. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a revolutionary doctrine of destruction for its own sake4. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) the practice or promulgation of terrorism[C19: from Latin nihil nothing + -ism, on the model of German Nihilismus] ˈnihilist n, adj ˌnihilˈistic adj
Nihilism (ˈnaɪɪˌlɪzəm) n (Historical Terms) (in tsarist Russia) any of several revolutionary doctrines that upheld terrorismni•hil•ism (ˈnaɪ əˌlɪz əm, ˈni-)
n. 1. total rejection of established laws and institutions. 2. anarchy, terrorism, or other revolutionary activity. 3. a. the belief that all existence is senseless and that there is no possibility of an objective basis for truth. b. nothingness or nonexistence. 4. (cap.) a 19th-century Russian political philosophy advocating the violent destruction of social and political institutions to make way for a new society. [1810–20; < Latin nihil nothing (variant of nihilum; see nil) + -ism] ni′hil•ist, n., adj. ni`hil•is′tic, adj. nihilismthe belief that existence is not real and that there can be no objective basis of truth, a form of extreme skepticism. Cf. ethical nihilism. — nihilist, n., adj.See also: Philosophy
the principles of a Russian revolutionary movement in the late 19th century, advocating the destruction of government as a means to anarchy and of ten employing terrorism and assassination to assist its program. — nihilist, n., adj. — nihilistic, adj.See also: Government
total rejection of established attitudes, practices, and institutions. — nihilist, n. — nihilistic, adj.See also: AttitudesThesaurus| Noun | 1. | nihilism - a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sakedoctrine, ism, philosophical system, philosophy, school of thought - a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school | | 2. | nihilism - the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unrealnihilistic delusiondelusion, psychotic belief - (psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary | | 3. | nihilism - complete denial of all established authority and institutionsanarchy, lawlessness - a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government) |
nihilismnoun1. negativity, rejection, denial, scepticism, cynicism, pessimism, renunciation, atheism, repudiation, agnosticism, unbelief, abnegation These disillusioned students embraced agnosticism, atheism, and nihilism.2. anarchy, disorder, lawlessness This moral nihilism has proved both irresponsible and politically counter-productive.TranslationsnichilismonihilizmniilismoнигилизмnihilismenUK
nihilism (nī`əlĭzəm), theory of revolution popular among Russian extremists until the fall of the czarist government (1917); the theory was given its name by Ivan Turgenev in his novel Fathers and Sons (1861). Nihilism stressed the need to destroy existing economic and social institutions, whatever the projected nature of the better order for which the destruction was to prepare. Nihilists were not without constructive programs, but agreement on these was not essential to the immediate objective, destruction. Direct action, such as assassination and arson, was characteristic. Such acts were not necessarily directed by any central authority. Small groups and even individuals were encouraged to plan and execute terroristic acts independently. The assassination of Czar Alexander II was one result of such terrorist activities. The constructive programs published by nihilists include the establishing of a parliamentary government; the programs were on the whole moderate in comparison with the revolutionary measures of 1917. Nihilism was too diffuse and negative to persist as a movement and gradually gave way to other philosophies of revolt; it remained, however, an element in later Russian thought. Bibliography See S. Rosen, Nihilism (1969); M. Novak, The Experience of Nothingness (1970); C. Glicksberg, The Literature of Nihilism (1975); D. A. Crosby, The Specter of the Absurd: Sources and Criticisms of Modern Nihilism (1988); D. M. Levin, The Opening of Vision: Nihilism and the Postmodern Situation (1988). Nihilism in Russia, a term describing the frame of mind and social attitudes of the progressive raznochintsy (intellectuals of no definite class) of the 1860’s, expressed by a resolute rejection of existing ideology, morality, and behavioral norms. Nihilism emerged during the revolutionary atmosphere of 1859–61. A progressive phenomenon, it reflected the crisis in the system of serfdom and represented an important stage in the development of revolutionary-democratic ideology. Nihilism rejected religious prejudices, idealist philosophy, dictatorial attitudes in social and family life, the liberal denunciation of society, “art for art’s sake,” and “knowledge for the sake of knowledge” and demanded freedom for the individual and equality for women. It propagandized a “rational egoism” and utilitarianism and advocated the study of natural science. Owing to the vagueness of their positive program, however, the nihilists tended toward oversimplification, bluntness, and excessive polemics. Nihilism had no coherent world view; the factor that united its adherents was the rejection of existing reality. As a result, both revolutionary-democratic activists and moderate liberals abandoned nihilism by the end of the 1860’s. The ideas of nihilism were reflected in the journal Russkoe slovo (The Russian Word), in which D. I. Pisarev played a leading role. In the broad sense, the term “nihilist” is applied to the entire revolutionary-democratic camp of the 1860’s headed by N. G. Chernyshevskii and N. A. Dobroliubov’s journal Sovremennik (The Contemporary). The term “nihilism” became popular after the publication of I. S. Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons (1862), in which the protagonist, Bazarov, is called a nihilist. Before this, nihilistic ideas were referred to in polemical journalism as the “negative tendency,” and their exponents as svistuny (from Svistok, a satirical journal affiliated with Sovremennik). Reactionary publicistic writers seized upon the term during a lull in the revolutionary situation and used it as a derisive epithet. As such, it was extensively employed in publicistic articles, official government documents, and antinihilistic novels, notably A. F. Pisemskii’s Troubled Seas, N. S. Leskov’s Nowhere to Go, and V. P. Kliushnikov’s The Mirage, in order to discredit revolutionary ideology and the democratic movement. Its opponents ascribed to nihilism the negation of all spiritual values, amoralism, and a desire to destroy the foundations of civilization. Although the term “nihilism” had nearly disappeared from polemical literature by the end of the 1860’s, it reappeared later in reactionary social and political writing at a time when the class struggle had become more intense; it was applied to all revolutionaries. Some contemporary foreign bourgeois authors have falsely extended the term to include those groups in the Russian liberation movement that were inherited by the Bolsheviks. REFERENCESKoz’min, B. P. Literatura i istoriia. Moscow, 1969. Pages 225–42.
Novikov, A. I. Nigilism i nigilisty. Leningrad, 1972. Pages 34–117.nihilism[′nī·ə‚liz·əm] (medicine) Pessimism in regard to the efficacy of treatment, particularly the use of drugs. (psychology) The content of delusions encountered in depressed or melancholic states; the patient insists that his inner organs no longer exist, and that his relatives have passed away. NihilismBazaroff and Kirsanovuniversity students who have developed a nihilistic philosophy. [Russ. Lit.: Turgenev Fathers and Sons]Possessed, Thedepicts political nihilism and genuine spiritual nihilism of Stavrogin. [Russ. Lit.: Benét, 809]nihilism1. Philosophy an extreme form of scepticism that systematically rejects all values, belief in existence, the possibility of communication, etc. 2. a revolutionary doctrine of destruction for its own sake 3. the practice or promulgation of terrorism nihilismenUK
nihilism [ni´ĭ-lizm] 1. an attitude of skepticism regarding traditional values and beliefs or their frank rejection.2. a delusion of nonexistence of part or all of the self or the world. adj., adj nihilis´tic.ni·hil·ism (nī'il-izm, nī'hi-lizm), 1. In psychiatry, the delusion of the nonexistence of everything, especially of the self or part of the self. 2. Engagement in acts that are totally destructive to one's own purposes and those of one's group. [L. nihil, nothing] nihilism (nī′ə-lĭz′əm, nē′-)n.1. Philosophy The doctrine that nothing actually exists or that existence or values are meaningless.2. Relentless negativity or cynicism suggesting an absence of values or beliefs: nihilism in postwar art.3. a. Political belief or action that advocates or commits violence or terrorism without discernible constructive goals.b. also Nihilism A diffuse, revolutionary movement of mid-19th-century Russia that scorned authority and tradition and believed in reason, materialism, and radical change in society and government through terrorism and assassination.4. Psychiatry A delusion, experienced in some mental disorders, that the world or one's mind, body, or self does not exist.
ni′hil·ist n.ni′hil·is′tic adj.ni′hil·is′ti·cal·ly adv.ni·hil·ism (nī'i-lizm) 1. psychiatry The delusion of the nonexistence of everything, especially of the self or part of the self. 2. Engagement in acts that are totally destructive to one's own purposes and those of one's group. [L. nihil, nothing]nihilism 1. A psychotic delusion of one's non-existence or of the non-existence of the world. 2. Extreme pessimism about the effectiveness of any form of medical treatment, especially of the use of drugs (therapeutic nihilism). nihilismenUK
Related to nihilism: Moral nihilismSynonyms for nihilismnoun negativitySynonyms- negativity
- rejection
- denial
- scepticism
- cynicism
- pessimism
- renunciation
- atheism
- repudiation
- agnosticism
- unbelief
- abnegation
noun anarchySynonyms- anarchy
- disorder
- lawlessness
Synonyms for nihilismnoun a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sakeRelated Words- doctrine
- ism
- philosophical system
- philosophy
- school of thought
noun the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not existSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun complete denial of all established authority and institutionsRelated Words |