Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis

A group of conditions characterised by proliferation of Langerhans cells, which are lymphoreticular cells. Langerhans cell aggregates are nodular, especially in the lungs, and are variably accompanied by eosinophils, foamy cells, neutrophils, and fibrosis.
Prognosis
Good if limited to a single system. Multi-system involvement carries a 10–20% mortality rate due to organ failure; 50–60% have chronic disease; 30–40% have long-term clinical remission.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis types
Pulmonary LCH
A lesion virtually exclusive to cigarette smokers, which is a form of smoking-related interstitial lung disease. Smoking cessation may lead to reversal of changes or evolution to pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension.

Unifocal LCH
Eosinophilic granuloma, solitary bone involvement
A lesion affecting younger patients; may affect any bone, most commonly the cranial vault, jaw, humerus, rib and femur (often spares the hands and feet).
Imaging
Mimics Ewing sarcoma.

Treatment
Curettage.

Prognosis
Excellent.

Multifocal unisystem
LCH Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, multiple bone involvement.
Polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma
A lesion that may affect the skin, accompanied by proptosis, diabetes insipidus, or chronic otitis media or combination thereof, marked by a chronic course with waxing and waning symptoms.
Prognosis
Relatively good.

Multifocal multisystem LCH
Letterer-Siwe disease, multiple organ involvement
A lesion that affects bone, lung and skin; while histologically indistinct, it is more aggressive than the other forms.
Prognosis
Poor if < 18 months at time of diagnosis; haemorrhagic skin lesions; hepatomegaly, anemia; thrombocytopenia; bone marrow involvement.

单词	langerhans’ cell histiocytosis
释义	Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis A group of conditions characterised by proliferation of Langerhans cells, which are lymphoreticular cells. Langerhans cell aggregates are nodular, especially in the lungs, and are variably accompanied by eosinophils, foamy cells, neutrophils, and fibrosis. Prognosis Good if limited to a single system. Multi-system involvement carries a 10–20% mortality rate due to organ failure; 50–60% have chronic disease; 30–40% have long-term clinical remission. Langerhans cell histiocytosis types Pulmonary LCH A lesion virtually exclusive to cigarette smokers, which is a form of smoking-related interstitial lung disease. Smoking cessation may lead to reversal of changes or evolution to pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Unifocal LCH Eosinophilic granuloma, solitary bone involvement A lesion affecting younger patients; may affect any bone, most commonly the cranial vault, jaw, humerus, rib and femur (often spares the hands and feet). Imaging Mimics Ewing sarcoma. Treatment Curettage. Prognosis Excellent. Multifocal unisystem LCH Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, multiple bone involvement. Polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma A lesion that may affect the skin, accompanied by proptosis, diabetes insipidus, or chronic otitis media or combination thereof, marked by a chronic course with waxing and waning symptoms. Prognosis Relatively good. Multifocal multisystem LCH Letterer-Siwe disease, multiple organ involvement A lesion that affects bone, lung and skin; while histologically indistinct, it is more aggressive than the other forms. Prognosis Poor if < 18 months at time of diagnosis; haemorrhagic skin lesions; hepatomegaly, anemia; thrombocytopenia; bone marrow involvement.
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